使用python獲取天氣介面給指定微信好友發天氣預報
阿新 • • 發佈:2020-12-28
先看下效果圖:
用到的模組:
- PyMySQL
- requests
- threading
- wxpy
要實現上面的示例,首先是有兩大塊地方
- 獲取天氣資訊
- 通過微信將天氣資訊傳送出去
而獲取天氣資訊又包括幾個小的需要注意的地方
- 獲取天氣資訊
- 獲取天氣資訊的介面
- 獲取天氣資訊的城市
- 獲取所在城市的城市碼
假如我們給多個人傳送天氣情況,這幾個人來自不同的城市,那麼我們不可能每次都要輸入城市名,然後查詢城市碼,然後再訪問介面,獲取天氣情況,這樣會非常的麻煩,所以我們需要考慮將城市名跟城市碼一一對應起來,說到一一對應,首先想到的資料結構便是字典,所以我們可以將這些資訊存入一個字典裡,然後持久化到一個檔案中,這樣便方便很多
首先我們獲取最新的 city 表,這個表是一個 list 型別,大體格式如下:
[ { "id": 1, "pid": 0, "city_code": "101010100", "city_name": "北京", "post_code": "100000", "area_code": "010", "ctime": "2019-07-11 17:30:06" }, { "id": 2, "pid": 0, "city_code": "", "city_name": "安徽", "post_code": null, "area_code": null, "ctime": null } ]
我們就簡單的貼上複製,放到一個空的列表中,如下所示,將所有的城市資訊放到列表 citycode 中
citycode = [ { "id": 1, "pid": 0, "city_code": "101010100", "city_name": "北京", "post_code": "100000", "area_code": "010", "ctime": "2019-07-11 17:30:06" }, ... ... ... ... ... ... { "id": 2, "pid": 0, "city_code": "None", "city_name": "安徽", "post_code": "null", "area_code": "null", "ctime": "null" } ] cityinfo = {} #將城市名和城市程式碼寫入json檔案中 with open('city_for_code.json','w',encoding='utf-8') as f: for i in citycode: name = i["city_name"] code = i["city_code"] cityinfo[name] = code f.write(str(cityinfo)) #測試是否能讀取 with open('city_for_code.json','r+',encoding='utf-8') as file: data_dst = file.readlines() d = eval(data_dst[0])
然後就是一頓處理,只把我們所需的 city_name 和 city_code 這倆欄位取出即可,隨後寫入檔案中。如果讀取的話就按照上面方法去讀取,需要注意的是,使用 open()方法讀取檔案,得到的內容是一個列表,我們需要通過 eval()方法轉化成 dict 型別。
這是把 city_name 和 city_code 放到一個檔案中的方法,另外我們也可以放到資料庫中,這裡以 MySQL 為例,安裝 PyMySQL 模組
import pymysql
db_parames = {
'host': 'localhost',
'user': 'root',
'password': '123456',
'database': 'city_code_info'
}
#連線資料庫
conn = pymysql.connect(**db_parames)
#建立遊標物件,增刪改查都在遊標上進行
cursor = conn.cursor()
#表存在,就刪除
cursor.execute("DROP TABLE IF EXISTS city_code")
#建表語句
create_table_sql = """CREATE TABLE `city_code` (
`city_name` varchar(20) DEFAULT NULL,
`city_code` varchar(25) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4;
"""
#建表
cursor.execute(create_table_sql)
#插入資料
with open('city_for_code.json','r+',encoding='utf-8') as f:
origin_data = f.readlines()
current_data = eval(origin_data[0]) #讀取的內容是一個列表,且只包含一個元素
#print(current_data.get('北京','Not Exists.'))
for name, code in current_data.items():
sql = """INSERT INTO city_code(city_name, city_code) VALUES ('%s', '%s')""" % (name, code)
try:
cursor.execute(sql)
except:
conn.rollback()
conn.commit()
conn.close()
執行這個 python 程式就可以將檔案中的城市名跟城市碼存到庫中,當然我們也可以直接獲取到城市名和城市碼,然後跳過檔案持久化這一步,直接把這兩個欄位取出存進去,但是考慮著程式碼要多練多寫,就多此一舉了一下。
下面是輸入城市名就能得到城市碼的程式碼塊:
import pymysql
def get_city_code(city_name):
db_parames = {
'host': 'localhost',
'user': 'root',
'password': '123456',
'database': 'city_code_info'
}
#連線資料庫
conn = pymysql.connect(**db_parames)
#建立遊標物件,增刪改查都在遊標上進行
cursor = conn.cursor()
#建立查詢語句
select_sql = "SELECT * FROM city_code where city_name='%s'"%(city_name)
try:
cursor.execute(select_sql)
result = cursor.fetchall()
for row in result:
city_code = row[1]
return city_code
except:
return "Error: unable fetch data!"
然後是根據輸入的城市碼來獲取天氣情況:
importrequests
def get_weather(city_name,get_date_time=3):
city_code = get_city_code(city_name)
url = 'http://t.weather.sojson.com/api/weather/city/%s'%(city_code)
header = {
'user-agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/74.0.3729.169 Safari/537.36'
}
response = requests.get(url,header)
response.encoding = 'utf-8'
weather = response.json()
day = {1: '明天', 2: '後天', 3: '大後天'}
weather_lst = []
for num in range(get_date_time):
City = weather["cityInfo"]["city"]
Weatherganmao = weather["data"]["ganmao"]
Weatherquality = weather["data"]["quality"]
Weathershidu = weather["data"]["shidu"]
Weatherwendu = weather["data"]["wendu"]
Weatherpm25 = str(weather["data"]["pm25"])
Weatherpm10 = str(weather["data"]["pm10"])
Dateymd = weather["data"]["forecast"][num]["ymd"]
Dateweek = weather["data"]["forecast"][num]["week"]
Sunrise = weather["data"]["forecast"][num]["sunrise"]
Sunset = weather["data"]["forecast"][num]["sunset"]
Windfx = weather["data"]["forecast"][num]["fx"]
Windf1 = weather["data"]["forecast"][num]["fl"]
Weathertype = weather["data"]["forecast"][num]["type"]
Weathernotice = weather["data"]["forecast"][num]["notice"]
Weatherhigh = weather["data"]["forecast"][num]["high"]
Weatherlow = weather["data"]["forecast"][num]["low"]
if num == 0:
result = '今日天氣預報' + '\n' \
+ '日期: ' + Dateymd + ' ' + Dateweek + ' ' + City + '\n' \
+ '天氣: ' + Weathertype + ' ' + Windfx + ' ' + Windf1 + ' ' + Weathernotice + '\n' \
+ '當前溫度: ' + Weatherwendu + '℃' + '\n' \
+ '空氣溼度: ' + Weathershidu + '\n' \
+ '溫度範圍: ' + Weatherlow + '' + '~' + '' + Weatherhigh + '\n' \
+ '汙染指數: ' + 'PM2.5: ' + Weatherpm25 + ' ' + 'PM10: ' + Weatherpm10 + '\n' \
+ '空氣質量: ' + Weatherquality + '\n' \
+ '日出時間: ' + Sunrise + '\n' \
+ '日落時間: ' + Sunset + '\n' \
+ '溫馨提示: ' + Weatherganmao
else:
which_day = day.get(num,'超出範圍')
result = '\n' + which_day + ' ' + '天氣預報' + '\n' \
+ '日期: ' + Dateymd + ' ' + Dateweek + ' ' + City + '\n' \
+ '天氣: ' + Weathertype + ' ' + Windfx + ' ' + Windf1 + ' ' + Weathernotice + '\n' \
+ '溫度範圍: ' + Weatherlow + '' + '~' + '' + Weatherhigh + '\n' \
+ '日出時間: ' + Sunrise + '\n' \
+ '日落時間: ' + Sunset + '\n' \
+ '溫馨提示: ' + Weatherganmao
weather_lst.append(result)
weather_str = '' #因為預設要輸出三天的天氣情況,所以我們需要建立一個空字串,然後每迭代一次,就將天氣情況拼接到空字串中。
for msg in weather_lst:
weather_str += msg + '\n'
return weather_str
下面是傳送微信訊息
from wxpy import *
def send_wx(city_name, who):
bot = Bot(cache_path=True)
#bot = Bot(console_qr=2, cache_path='botoo.pkl')
my_friend = bot.friends().search(who)[0]
msg = get_weather(city_name)
try:
my_friend.send(msg)
except:
my_friend = bot.friends().search('fei')[0]
my_friend.send(u"傳送失敗")
然後我們還需要寫一個定時器,每隔一段時間便要傳送一次
from threading import Timer
def auto_send():
city_name = '設定要傳送的城市'
friend_list = ['要傳送的人']
for who in friend_list:
send_wx(city_name,who)
global timer
timer = Timer(1,auto_send)
timer.start()
最後執行程式
if __name__ == '__main__':
timer = Timer(1,auto_send)
timer.start()
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