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python獲取天氣介面給指定微信好友發天氣預報

先看下效果圖:

python獲取天氣介面給指定微信好友發天氣預報

用到的模組:

  • PyMySQL
  • requests
  • threading
  • wxpy

要實現上面的示例,首先是有兩大塊地方

  • 獲取天氣資訊
  • 通過微信將天氣資訊傳送出去

而獲取天氣資訊又包括幾個小的需要注意的地方

獲取天氣資訊

  • 獲取天氣資訊的介面
  • 獲取天氣資訊的城市
  • 獲取所在城市的城市碼

假如我們給多個人傳送天氣情況,這幾個人來自不同的城市,那麼我們不可能每次都要輸入城市名,然後查詢城市碼,然後再訪問介面,獲取天氣情況,這樣會非常的麻煩,所以我們需要考慮將城市名跟城市碼一一對應起來,說到一一對應,首先想到的資料結構便是字典,所以我們可以將這些資訊存入一個字典裡,然後持久化到一個檔案中,這樣便方便很多

首先我們獲取最新的 city 表,這個表是一個 list 型別,大體格式如下:

[
 {
  "id": 1,"pid": 0,"city_code": "101010100","city_name": "北京","post_code": "100000","area_code": "010","ctime": "2019-07-11 17:30:06"
 },{
  "id": 2,"city_code": "","city_name": "安徽","post_code": null,"area_code": null,"ctime": null
 }
]

我們就簡單的貼上複製,放到一個空的列表中,如下所示,將所有的城市資訊放到列表 citycode 中

citycode = [
 {
  "id": 1,...
...
...
...
...
...
 {
  "id": 2,"city_code": "None","post_code": "null","area_code": "null","ctime": "null"
 }
]

cityinfo = {}
#將城市名和城市程式碼寫入json檔案中
with open('city_for_code.json','w',encoding='utf-8') as f:
  for i in citycode:
    name = i["city_name"]
    code = i["city_code"]
    cityinfo[name] = code
  f.write(str(cityinfo))

#測試是否能讀取
with open('city_for_code.json','r+',encoding='utf-8') as file:
  data_dst = file.readlines()
  d = eval(data_dst[0])

然後就是一頓處理,只把我們所需的 city_name 和 city_code 這倆欄位取出即可,隨後寫入檔案中。如果讀取的話就按照上面方法去讀取,需要注意的是,使用 open()方法讀取檔案,得到的內容是一個列表,我們需要通過 eval()方法轉化成 dict 型別。

這是把 city_name 和 city_code 放到一個檔案中的方法,另外我們也可以放到資料庫中,這裡以 MySQL 為例,安裝 PyMySQL 模組

import pymysql

db_parames = {
  'host': 'localhost','user': 'root','password': '123456','database': 'city_code_info'
}
#連線資料庫
conn = pymysql.connect(**db_parames)

#建立遊標物件,增刪改查都在遊標上進行
cursor = conn.cursor()

#表存在,就刪除
cursor.execute("DROP TABLE IF EXISTS city_code")

#建表語句
create_table_sql = """CREATE TABLE `city_code` (
 `city_name` varchar(20) DEFAULT NULL,`city_code` varchar(25) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4;
"""
#建表
cursor.execute(create_table_sql)

#插入資料
with open('city_for_code.json',encoding='utf-8') as f:
  origin_data = f.readlines()
  current_data = eval(origin_data[0])  #讀取的內容是一個列表,且只包含一個元素
  #print(current_data.get('北京','Not Exists.'))
  for name,code in current_data.items():
    sql = """INSERT INTO city_code(city_name,city_code) VALUES ('%s','%s')""" % (name,code)
    try:
      cursor.execute(sql)
    except:
      conn.rollback()
  conn.commit()
  conn.close()

執行這個 python 程式就可以將檔案中的城市名跟城市碼存到庫中,當然我們也可以直接獲取到城市名和城市碼,然後跳過檔案持久化這一步,直接把這兩個欄位取出存進去,但是考慮著程式碼要多練多寫,就多此一舉了一下。

下面是輸入城市名就能得到城市碼的程式碼塊:

import pymysql

def get_city_code(city_name):
  db_parames = {
  'host': 'localhost','database': 'city_code_info'
  }
  #連線資料庫
  conn = pymysql.connect(**db_parames)

  #建立遊標物件,增刪改查都在遊標上進行
  cursor = conn.cursor()

  #建立查詢語句
  select_sql = "SELECT * FROM city_code where city_name='%s'"%(city_name)
  try:
    cursor.execute(select_sql)
    result = cursor.fetchall()
    for row in result:
      city_code = row[1]
    return city_code
  except:
    return "Error: unable fetch data!"

然後是根據輸入的城市碼來獲取天氣情況:

importrequests

def get_weather(city_name,get_date_time=3):
  city_code = get_city_code(city_name)
  url = 'http://t.weather.sojson.com/api/weather/city/%s'%(city_code)
  header = {
  'user-agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML,like Gecko) Chrome/74.0.3729.169 Safari/537.36'
  }
  response = requests.get(url,header)
  response.encoding = 'utf-8'
  weather = response.json()
  day = {1: '明天',2: '後天',3: '大後天'}
  weather_lst = []
  for num in range(get_date_time):
    City = weather["cityInfo"]["city"]
    Weatherganmao = weather["data"]["ganmao"]
    Weatherquality = weather["data"]["quality"]
    Weathershidu = weather["data"]["shidu"]
    Weatherwendu = weather["data"]["wendu"]
    Weatherpm25 = str(weather["data"]["pm25"])
    Weatherpm10 = str(weather["data"]["pm10"])
    Dateymd = weather["data"]["forecast"][num]["ymd"]
    Dateweek = weather["data"]["forecast"][num]["week"]
    Sunrise = weather["data"]["forecast"][num]["sunrise"]
    Sunset = weather["data"]["forecast"][num]["sunset"]
    Windfx = weather["data"]["forecast"][num]["fx"]
    Windf1 = weather["data"]["forecast"][num]["fl"]
    Weathertype = weather["data"]["forecast"][num]["type"]
    Weathernotice = weather["data"]["forecast"][num]["notice"]
    Weatherhigh = weather["data"]["forecast"][num]["high"]
    Weatherlow = weather["data"]["forecast"][num]["low"]
    if num == 0:
      result = '今日天氣預報' + '\n' \
        + '日期: ' + Dateymd + ' ' + Dateweek + ' ' + City + '\n' \
        + '天氣: ' + Weathertype + ' ' + Windfx + ' ' + Windf1 + ' ' + Weathernotice + '\n' \
        + '當前溫度: ' + Weatherwendu + '℃' + '\n' \
        + '空氣溼度: ' + Weathershidu + '\n' \
        + '溫度範圍: ' + Weatherlow + '' + '~' + '' + Weatherhigh + '\n' \
        + '汙染指數: ' + 'PM2.5: ' + Weatherpm25 + ' ' + 'PM10: ' + Weatherpm10 + '\n' \
        + '空氣質量: ' + Weatherquality + '\n' \
        + '日出時間: ' + Sunrise + '\n' \
        + '日落時間: ' + Sunset + '\n' \
        + '溫馨提示: ' + Weatherganmao
    else:
      which_day = day.get(num,'超出範圍')
      result = '\n' + which_day + ' ' + '天氣預報' + '\n' \
        + '日期: ' + Dateymd + ' ' + Dateweek + ' ' + City + '\n' \
        + '天氣: ' + Weathertype + ' ' + Windfx + ' ' + Windf1 + ' ' + Weathernotice + '\n' \
        + '溫度範圍: ' + Weatherlow + '' + '~' + '' + Weatherhigh + '\n' \
        + '日出時間: ' + Sunrise + '\n' \
        + '日落時間: ' + Sunset + '\n' \
        + '溫馨提示: ' + Weatherganmao
    weather_lst.append(result)
    weather_str = ''   #因為預設要輸出三天的天氣情況,所以我們需要建立一個空字串,然後每迭代一次,就將天氣情況拼接到空字串中。
    for msg in weather_lst:
      weather_str += msg + '\n'

  return weather_str

下面是傳送微信訊息

from wxpy import *

def send_wx(city_name,who):
  bot = Bot(cache_path=True)
  #bot = Bot(console_qr=2,cache_path='botoo.pkl')
  my_friend = bot.friends().search(who)[0]
  msg = get_weather(city_name)
  try:
    my_friend.send(msg)
  except:
    my_friend = bot.friends().search('fei')[0]
    my_friend.send(u"傳送失敗")

然後我們還需要寫一個定時器,每隔一段時間便要傳送一次

from threading import Timer

def auto_send():
  city_name = '設定要傳送的城市'
  friend_list = ['要傳送的人']

  for who in friend_list:
    send_wx(city_name,who)
  global timer
  timer = Timer(1,auto_send)
  timer.start()

最後執行程式

if __name__ == '__main__':
  timer = Timer(1,auto_send)
  timer.start()

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