02 Docker的常用命令
阿新 • • 發佈：2021-12-20
Docker的常用命令
幫助命令
docker version #docker的版本資訊
docker info #docker 的系統資訊 包括映象和容量的數量
docker --help #幫助命令
幫助文件的地址：
https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/
映象命令
docker images 檢視所有本地的主機上的映象
[root@vdevops /]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE hello-world latest feb5d9fea6a5 2 months ago 13.3kB # 解釋 REPOSITORY 映象的倉庫源 TAG 映象的標籤 IMAGE ID 映象的id CREATED 映象的建立時間 SIZE 映象的大小 # 可選項 -a, --all #列出所有的映象 -q, --quiet #只顯示映象的id
docker search 搜尋的映象
[root@vdevops /]# docker search mysql NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED mysql MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation… 11839 [OK] mariadb MariaDB Server is a high performing open sou… 4508 [OK] # 可選項 --filter=STARS=3000 # 搜尋出來的映象就是 STARS大於3000的
docker pull 下載映象
# 下載映象 docker pull 映象名[:tag] [root@vdevops /]# docker pull mysql Using default tag: latest #如果不寫tag，預設就是 latest latest: Pulling from library/mysql ffbb094f4f9e: Pull complete #分層下載，docker image 的核心，聯合檔案系統 df186527fc46: Pull complete fa362a6aa7bd: Pull complete 5af7cb1a200e: Pull complete 949da226cc6d: Pull complete bce007079ee9: Pull complete eab9f076e5a3: Pull complete 8a57a7529e8d: Pull complete b1ccc6ed6fc7: Pull complete b4af75e64169: Pull complete 3aed6a9cd681: Pull complete 23390142f76f: Pull complete Digest: sha256:ff9a288d1ecf4397967989b5d1ec269f7d9042a46fc8bc2c3ae35458c1a26727#簽名 Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:latest docker.io/library/mysql:latest # 真實地址 # 等價 docker pull mysql docker pull docker.io/library/mysql:latest #指定版本下載 [root@vdevops /]# docker pull mysql:5.7 5.7: Pulling from library/mysql ffbb094f4f9e: Already exists df186527fc46: Already exists fa362a6aa7bd: Already exists 5af7cb1a200e: Already exists 949da226cc6d: Already exists bce007079ee9: Already exists eab9f076e5a3: Already exists c7b24c3f27af: Pull complete 6fc26ff6705a: Pull complete bec5cdb5e7f7: Pull complete 6c1cb25f7525: Pull complete Digest: sha256:d1cc87a3bd5dc07defc837bc9084f748a130606ff41923f46dec1986e0dc828d Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:5.7 docker.io/library/mysql:5.7
docker rmi 刪除映象
[root@vdevops /]# docker rmi -f 映象id #指定刪除映象
[root@vdevops /]# docker rmi -f 映象id 映象id 映象id #刪除多個映象
[root@vdevops /]# docker rmi -f $(docker images -aq) #刪除全部的映象
容器命令
我們有了映象才可以建立映象，下載一個 Centos 映象來測試學習
docker pull centos
新建容器並啟動
run 只有哎第一次執行時使用，將映象放到容器中，以後再次啟動這個容器使用 start
docker run [可選引數] image 命令
#引數說明
--name="Name" 容器名字
-d 後臺方式執行
-it 互動方式執行，進入容器檢視內容
-P 指定容器的埠 -p 8080:8080
-p ip:主機埠：容器埠
-p 主機埠：容器埠 （常用）
-p 容器埠
容器埠
-p 隨機指定埠
#測試 啟動並進入容器
[root@vdevops /]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash
[root@8a5cf8307227 /]# ls #檢視容器內的centos 基本版本 命令都是不完善的
bin etc lib lost+found mnt proc run srv tmp var
dev home lib64 media opt root sbin sys usr
列出所有執行的容器
# docker ps 命令
#列出正在執行的容器
-a #列出正在執行的容器 + 歷史執行過的容器
-n=? #顯示最近建立的容器
-q #只顯示容器的編號
[root@vdevops /]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
[root@vdevops /]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
8a5cf8307227 centos "/bin/bash" 3 minutes ago Exited (130) About a minute ago bold_poincare
c5fd091866ba feb5d9fea6a5 "/hello" 2 hours ago Exited (0) 2 hours ago epic_elion
退出容器
exit #直接容器停止並退出
ctrl + p + q #容器不停止退出
刪除容器
docker rm 容器id #刪除指定的容器 不能刪除正在執行的容器，如果強制刪除 rm -f
docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq) #刪除所有的容器
啟動和停止容器的操作
docker start 容器id #啟動容器
docker restart 容器id #重啟容器
docker stop 容器id #停止正在執行容器
docker kill 容器id #強制停止當前容器
常用其他的命令
後臺啟動容器
# docker run -d 映象名
[root@vdevops ~]# docker run -d centos
# 問題 docker ps，發現 centos 停止了
# 常見的坑 docker 容器使用後臺執行，就必須要有一個前臺程序，docker 發現沒有應用，就會自動停止
# nginx 容器啟動後，發現自己沒有提供服務，就會立即停止，就是沒有程式了
檢視日誌命令
docker logs -f -t --tail 容器，沒有日誌
# 顯示日誌
-tf #顯示日誌
--tail number #要顯示的日誌條數
[root@vdevops ~]# docker logs -f -t --tail f3b483d2d8a8
檢視容器中的程序資訊
# 命令 docker top 容器id
[root@vdevops ~]# docker top f3b483d2d8a8
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 719298 719280 0 15:27 pts/0 00:00:00 /bin/bash
檢視映象的元資料
# 命令 docker inspect 容器id
# 測試
[root@vdevops ~]# docker inspect f3b483d2d8a8
[
{
"Id": "f3b483d2d8a8999f193bfb29d19995aaac98abcea866420d5b7387c7f9c7b9e1",
"Created": "2021-12-20T07:27:36.884554532Z",
"Path": "/bin/bash",
"Args": [],
"State": {
"Status": "running",
"Running": true,
"Paused": false,
"Restarting": false,
"OOMKilled": false,
"Dead": false,
"Pid": 719298,
"ExitCode": 0,
"Error": "",
"StartedAt": "2021-12-20T07:27:37.229298563Z",
"FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
},
"Image": "sha256:5d0da3dc976460b72c77d94c8a1ad043720b0416bfc16c52c45d4847e53fadb6",
"ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/f3b483d2d8a8999f193bfb29d19995aaac98abcea866420d5b7387c7f9c7b9e1/resolv.conf",
"HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/f3b483d2d8a8999f193bfb29d19995aaac98abcea866420d5b7387c7f9c7b9e1/hostname",
"HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/f3b483d2d8a8999f193bfb29d19995aaac98abcea866420d5b7387c7f9c7b9e1/hosts",
"LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/f3b483d2d8a8999f193bfb29d19995aaac98abcea866420d5b7387c7f9c7b9e1/f3b483d2d8a8999f193bfb29d19995aaac98abcea866420d5b7387c7f9c7b9e1-json.log",
"Name": "/heuristic_chatterjee",
"RestartCount": 0,
"Driver": "overlay2",
"Platform": "linux",
"MountLabel": "",
"ProcessLabel": "",
"AppArmorProfile": "",
"ExecIDs": null,
"HostConfig": {
"Binds": null,
"ContainerIDFile": "",
"LogConfig": {
"Type": "json-file",
"Config": {}
},
"NetworkMode": "default",
"PortBindings": {},
"RestartPolicy": {
"Name": "no",
"MaximumRetryCount": 0
},
"AutoRemove": false,
"VolumeDriver": "",
"VolumesFrom": null,
"CapAdd": null,
"CapDrop": null,
"CgroupnsMode": "host",
"Dns": [],
"DnsOptions": [],
"DnsSearch": [],
"ExtraHosts": null,
"GroupAdd": null,
"IpcMode": "private",
"Cgroup": "",
"Links": null,
"OomScoreAdj": 0,
"PidMode": "",
"Privileged": false,
"PublishAllPorts": false,
"ReadonlyRootfs": false,
"SecurityOpt": null,
"UTSMode": "",
"UsernsMode": "",
"ShmSize": 67108864,
"Runtime": "runc",
"ConsoleSize": [
0,
0
],
"Isolation": "",
"CpuShares": 0,
"Memory": 0,
"NanoCpus": 0,
"CgroupParent": "",
"BlkioWeight": 0,
"BlkioWeightDevice": [],
"BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
"CpuPeriod": 0,
"CpuQuota": 0,
"CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
"CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
"CpusetCpus": "",
"CpusetMems": "",
"Devices": [],
"DeviceCgroupRules": null,
"DeviceRequests": null,
"KernelMemory": 0,
"KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
"MemoryReservation": 0,
"MemorySwap": 0,
"MemorySwappiness": null,
"OomKillDisable": false,
"PidsLimit": null,
"Ulimits": null,
"CpuCount": 0,
"CpuPercent": 0,
"IOMaximumIOps": 0,
"IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
"MaskedPaths": [
"/proc/asound",
"/proc/acpi",
"/proc/kcore",
"/proc/keys",
"/proc/latency_stats",
"/proc/timer_list",
"/proc/timer_stats",
"/proc/sched_debug",
"/proc/scsi",
"/sys/firmware"
],
"ReadonlyPaths": [
"/proc/bus",
"/proc/fs",
"/proc/irq",
"/proc/sys",
"/proc/sysrq-trigger"
]
},
"GraphDriver": {
"Data": {
"LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/0f9b4e32717087a420bbee16324d5753963f65f048b768647043003382eac2e4-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/22028d514ad5f4d274e5fdc5d0f3dd8f9ff57e5947fd9f78c0b3454c73bad918/diff",
"MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/0f9b4e32717087a420bbee16324d5753963f65f048b768647043003382eac2e4/merged",
"UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/0f9b4e32717087a420bbee16324d5753963f65f048b768647043003382eac2e4/diff",
"WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/0f9b4e32717087a420bbee16324d5753963f65f048b768647043003382eac2e4/work"
},
"Name": "overlay2"
},
"Mounts": [],
"Config": {
"Hostname": "f3b483d2d8a8",
"Domainname": "",
"User": "",
"AttachStdin": true,
"AttachStdout": true,
"AttachStderr": true,
"Tty": true,
"OpenStdin": true,
"StdinOnce": true,
"Env": [
"PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
],
"Cmd": [
"/bin/bash"
],
"Image": "centos",
"Volumes": null,
"WorkingDir": "",
"Entrypoint": null,
"OnBuild": null,
"Labels": {
"org.label-schema.build-date": "20210915",
"org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
"org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
"org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
"org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
}
},
"NetworkSettings": {
"Bridge": "",
"SandboxID": "b0857da78019250069b06124651c85fa739a254a01da7053903bf787af9d3b81",
"HairpinMode": false,
"LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
"LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"Ports": {},
"SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/b0857da78019",
"SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
"SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
"EndpointID": "1e7be4c95660ce78872953cbff3e3136aa0c4e3577d5d8af895aa26d8631f531",
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
"Networks": {
"bridge": {
"IPAMConfig": null,
"Links": null,
"Aliases": null,
"NetworkID": "10fa1bdeab3d5fe622fc43695ec90409ca580e6955d6a45c704477d33504ef2a",
"EndpointID": "1e7be4c95660ce78872953cbff3e3136aa0c4e3577d5d8af895aa26d8631f531",
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
"DriverOpts": null
}
}
}
}
]
進入當前正在執行的容器
# 我們通常都是使用後臺方式執行的，需要進入容器，修改一些配置
#命令
docker exec -it 容器id bashshell
[root@vdevops ~]# docker exec -it f3b483d2d8a8 /bin/bash
[root@f3b483d2d8a8 /]# ps -ef
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 1 0 0 07:27 pts/0 00:00:00 /bin/bash
root 15 0 0 07:44 pts/1 00:00:00 /bin/bash
root 29 15 0 07:45 pts/1 00:00:00 ps -ef
[root@f3b483d2d8a8 /]#
# 方式二
docker atach 容器id
#測試
[root@vdevops ~]# docker attach f3b483d2d8a8
# docker exec 進入容器開啟一個新的終端，可以在裡面操作
#docker attach 進入正在執行的終端，不會啟動新的程序
從容器內拷貝檔案到主機上
docker cp 容器id:容器內路徑 目的主機路徑
[root@vdevops ~]# docker cp f3b483d2d8a8:/home/test.java /home
#拷貝是一個手動過程，未來我們使用 -v 卷的技術，可以實現
總結
attach Attach to a running container #當前shell下attach連線指定執行映象
build Build an image from a Dockerfile #通過Dockerfile定製映象
commit Create a new image from a container's changes #提交當前容器為新的映象
cp Copy files/folders from a container to a HOSTDIR or to STDOUT #從容器中拷貝指定檔案或者目錄到宿主機中
create Create a new container #建立一個新的容器，同run 但不啟動容器
diff Inspect changes on a container's filesystem #檢視docker容器變化
events Get real time events from the server#從docker服務獲取容器實時事件
exec Run a command in a running container#在已存在的容器上執行命令
export Export a container's filesystem as a tar archive #匯出容器的內容流作為一個tar歸檔檔案(對應import)
history Show the history of an image #展示一個映象形成歷史
rename Rename a container #重新命名容器
restart Restart a running container #重啟執行的容器
rm Remove one or more containers #移除一個或者多個容器
rmi Remove one or more images #移除一個或多個映象(無容器使用該映象才可以刪除，否則需要刪除相關容器才可以繼續或者-f強制刪除)
run Run a command in a new container #建立一個新的容器並執行一個命令
save Save an image(s) to a tar archive#儲存一個映象為一個tar包(對應load)
search Search the Docker Hub for images #在docker hub中搜索映象
start Start one or more stopped containers#啟動容器
stats Display a live stream of container(s) resource usage statistics #統計容器使用資源
stop Stop a running container #停止容器
tag Tag an image into a repository #給源中映象打標籤
top Display the running processes of a container #檢視容器中執行的程序資訊
unpause Unpause all processes within a container #取消暫停容器
version Show the Docker version information#檢視容器版本號
wait Block until a container stops, then print its exit code #擷取容器停止時的退出狀態值
視覺化
-
portainer（先用這個）
-
Reancher（CI/CD再用）
什麼是portainer
Docker 圖形化介面管理工具！提供一個後臺面板提供我們操作
docker run -d -p 8088:9000 \
--restart=always -v /var/run/docker,sock:/var/run/docker.sock --privileged=true portainer/portainer
訪問測試 : 外網 http://ip:8088/