詳解SpringMVC使用MultipartFile實現檔案的上傳
阿新 • • 發佈：2018-12-23
本篇文章主要介紹了SpringMVC使用MultipartFile實現檔案的上傳，本地的檔案上傳到資源伺服器上，比較好的辦法就是通過ftp上傳。這裡是結合SpringMVC+ftp的形式上傳的，有興趣的可以瞭解一下。
如果需要實現跨伺服器上傳檔案，就是將我們本地的檔案上傳到資源伺服器上，比較好的辦法就是通過ftp上傳。這裡是結合SpringMVC+ftp的形式上傳的。我們需要先懂得如何配置springMVC，然後在配置ftp，最後再結合MultipartFile上傳檔案。
springMVC上傳需要幾個關鍵jar包，spring以及關聯包可以自己配置，這裡主要說明關鍵的jar包
1：spring-web-3.2.9.RELEASE.jar (spring的關鍵jar包，版本可以自己選擇)
2：commons-io-2.2.jar (專案中用來處理IO的一些工具類包)
配置檔案
SpringMVC是用MultipartFile來進行檔案上傳的，因此我們先要配置MultipartResolver，用於處理表單中的file
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<!-- 上傳檔案直譯器 -->
<bean
id="multipartResolver"
class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver">
<property
name="defaultEncoding"
value="utf-8"
/>
<property
name="maxUploadSize"
value="10485760"
/>
<property
name="maxInMemorySize"value="4096"
/>
<property
name="resolveLazily"
value="true"
/>
</bean>
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其中屬性詳解：
defaultEncoding配置請求的編碼格式，預設為iso-8859-1
maxUploadSize配置檔案的最大單位，單位為位元組
maxInMemorySize配置上傳檔案的快取 ，單位為位元組
resolveLazily屬性啟用是為了推遲檔案解析，以便在UploadAction 中捕獲檔案大小異常
頁面配置
在頁面的form中加上enctype="multipart/form-data"
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<form
id=""
name=""
method="post"
action=""
enctype="multipart/form-data">
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表單標籤中設定enctype="multipart/form-data"來確保匿名上載檔案的正確編碼。
是設定表單的MIME編碼。預設情況，這個編碼格式是application/x-www-form-urlencoded，不能用於檔案上傳；只有使用了multipart/form-data，才能完整的傳遞檔案資料，進行下面的操作。enctype="multipart/form-data"是上傳二進位制資料。form裡面的input的值以2進位制的方式傳過去，所以request就得不到值了。
編寫上傳控制類
編寫一個上傳方法，這裡沒有返回結果，需要跳轉頁面或者返回其他值可以將void改為String、Map<String,Object>等值，再return返回結果。
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/**
* 上傳
* @param request
* @return
*/
@ResponseBody
@RequestMapping(value =
"/upload", method = {RequestMethod.GET, RequestMethod.POST})
public
void upload(HttpServletRequest request) {
MultipartHttpServletRequest multipartRequest=(MultipartHttpServletRequest)request;
MultipartFile file = multipartRequest.getFile("file");//file是頁面input的name名
String basePath =
"檔案路徑"
try
{
MultipartResolver resolver =
new CommonsMultipartResolver(request.getSession().getServletContext());
if
(resolver.isMultipart(request)) {
String fileStoredPath =
"資料夾路徑";
//隨機生成檔名
String randomName = StringUtil.getRandomFileName();
String uploadFileName = file.getOriginalFilename();
if
(StringUtils.isNotBlank(uploadFileName)) {
//擷取檔案格式名
String suffix = uploadFileName.substring(uploadFileName.indexOf("."));
//重新拼裝檔名
String newFileName = randomName + suffix;
String savePath = basePath +
"/" + newFileName;
File saveFile =
new File(savePath);
File parentFile = saveFile.getParentFile();
if
(saveFile.exists()) {
saveFile.delete();
}
else {
if
(!parentFile.exists()) {
parentFile.mkdirs();
}
}
//複製檔案到指定路徑
FileUtils.copyInputStreamToFile(file.getInputStream(), saveFile);
//上傳檔案到伺服器
FTPClientUtil.upload(saveFile, fileStoredPath);
}
}
}
catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
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FTP客戶端上傳工具
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package
com.yuanding.common.util;
import
java.io.File;
import
java.io.FileInputStream;
import
java.io.FileOutputStream;
import
java.io.IOException;
import
java.io.InputStream;
import
java.io.OutputStream;
import
java.net.SocketException;
import
java.util.HashMap;
import
java.util.Map;
import
java.util.Properties;
import
org.apache.commons.lang.StringUtils;
import
org.apache.commons.net.ftp.FTP;
import
org.apache.commons.net.ftp.FTPClient;
import
org.apache.commons.net.ftp.FTPReply;
import
org.slf4j.Logger;
import
org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
/**
* FTP客戶端工具
*/
public
class FTPClientUtil {
/**
* 日誌
*/
private
static final
Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(FTPClientUtil.class);
/**
* FTP server configuration--IP key,value is type of String
*/
public
static final
String SERVER_IP = "SERVER_IP";
/**
* FTP server configuration--Port key,value is type of Integer
*/
public
static final
String SERVER_PORT = "SERVER_PORT";
/**
* FTP server configuration--ANONYMOUS Log in key, value is type of Boolean
*/
public
static final
String IS_ANONYMOUS = "IS_ANONYMOUS";
/**
* user name of anonymous log in
*/
public
static final
String ANONYMOUS_USER_NAME = "anonymous";
/**
* password of anonymous log in
*/
public
static final
String ANONYMOUS_PASSWORD = "";
/**
* FTP server configuration--log in user name, value is type of String
*/
public
static final
String USER_NAME = "USER_NAME";
/**
* FTP server configuration--log in password, value is type of String
*/
public
static final
String PASSWORD = "PASSWORD";
/**
* FTP server configuration--PASV key, value is type of Boolean
*/
public
static final
String IS_PASV = "IS_PASV";
/**
* FTP server configuration--working directory key, value is type of String While logging in, the current directory
* is the user's home directory, the workingDirectory must be set based on it. Besides, the workingDirectory must
* exist, it can not be created automatically. If not exist, file will be uploaded in the user's home directory. If
* not assigned, "/" is used.
*/
public
static final
String WORKING_DIRECTORY = "WORKING_DIRECTORY";
public
static Map<String, Object> serverCfg =
new HashMap<String, Object>();
static
Properties prop;
static{
LOGGER.info("開始載入ftp.properties檔案!");
prop =
new Properties();
try
{
InputStream fps = FTPClientUtil.class.getResourceAsStream("/ftp.properties");
prop.load(fps);
fps.close();
}
catch (Exception e) {
LOGGER.error("讀取ftp.properties檔案異常!",e);
}
serverCfg.put(FTPClientUtil.SERVER_IP, values("SERVER_IP"));
serverCfg.put(FTPClientUtil.SERVER_PORT, Integer.parseInt(values("SERVER_PORT")));
serverCfg.put(FTPClientUtil.USER_NAME, values("USER_NAME"));
serverCfg.put(FTPClientUtil.PASSWORD, values("PASSWORD"));
LOGGER.info(String.valueOf(serverCfg));
}
/**
* Upload a file to FTP server.
*
* @param serverCfg : FTP server configuration
* @param filePathToUpload : path of the file to upload
* @param fileStoredName : the name to give the remote stored file, null, "" and other blank word will be replaced
* by the file name to upload
* @throws IOException
* @throws SocketException
*/
public
static final
void upload(Map<String, Object> serverCfg, String filePathToUpload, String fileStoredName)
throws
SocketException, IOException {
upload(serverCfg,
new File(filePathToUpload), fileStoredName);
}
/**
* Upload a file to FTP server.
*
* @param serverCfg : FTP server configuration
* @param fileToUpload : file to upload
* @param fileStoredName : the name to give the remote stored file, null, "" and other blank word will be replaced
* by the file name to upload
* @throws IOException
* @throws SocketException
*/
public
static final
void upload(Map<String, Object> serverCfg, File fileToUpload, String fileStoredName)
throws
SocketException, IOException {
if
(!fileToUpload.exists()) {
throw
new IllegalArgumentException("File to upload does not exists："
+ fileToUpload.getAbsolutePath
());
}
if
(!fileToUpload.isFile()) {
throw
new IllegalArgumentException("File to upload is not a file:"
+ fileToUpload.getAbsolutePath());
}
if
(StringUtils.isBlank((String) serverCfg.get(SERVER_IP))) {
throw
new IllegalArgumentException("SERVER_IP must be contained in the FTP server configuration.");
}
transferFile(true, serverCfg, fileToUpload, fileStoredName,
null, null);
}
/**
* Download a file from FTP server
*
* @param serverCfg : FTP server configuration
* @param fileNameToDownload : file name to be downloaded
* @param fileStoredPath : stored path of the downloaded file in local
* @throws SocketException
* @throws IOException
*/
public
static final
void download(Map<String, Object> serverCfg, String fileNameToDownload, String fileStoredPath)
throws
SocketException, IOException {
if
(StringUtils.isBlank(fileNameToDownload)) {
throw
new IllegalArgumentException("File name to be downloaded can not be blank.");
}
if
(StringUtils.isBlank(fileStoredPath)) {
throw
new IllegalArgumentException("Stored path of the downloaded file in local can not be blank.");
}
if
(StringUtils.isBlank((String) serverCfg.get(SERVER_IP))) {
throw
new IllegalArgumentException("SERVER_IP must be contained in the FTP server configuration.");
}
transferFile(false, serverCfg,
null, null, fileNameToDownload, fileStoredPath);
}
private
static final
void transferFile(boolean
isUpload, Map<String, Object> serverCfg, File fileToUpload,
String serverFileStoredName, String fileNameToDownload, String localFileStoredPath)
throws
SocketException,
IOException {
String host = (String) serverCfg.get(SERVER_IP);
Integer port = (Integer) serverCfg.get(SERVER_PORT);
Boolean isAnonymous = (Boolean) serverCfg.get(IS_ANONYMOUS);
String username = (String) serverCfg.get(USER_NAME);
String password = (String) serverCfg.get(PASSWORD);
Boolean isPASV = (Boolean) serverCfg.get(IS_PASV);
String workingDirectory = (String) serverCfg.get(WORKING_DIRECTORY);
FTPClient ftpClient =
new FTPClient();
InputStream fileIn =
null;
OutputStream fileOut =
null;
try
{
if
(port == null) {
LOGGER.debug("Connect to FTP server on "
+ host + ":"
+ FTP.DEFAULT_PORT);
ftpClient.connect(host);
}
else {
LOGGER.debug("Connect to FTP server on "
+ host + ":"
+ port);
ftpClient.connect(host, port);
}
int
reply = ftpClient.getReplyCode();
if
(!FTPReply.isPositiveCompletion(reply)) {
LOGGER.error("FTP server refuses connection");
return;
}
if
(isAnonymous != null
&& isAnonymous) {
username = ANONYMOUS_USER_NAME;
password = ANONYMOUS_PASSWORD;
}
LOGGER.debug("Log in FTP server with username = "
+ username + ", password = "
+ password);
if
(!ftpClient.login(username, password)) {
LOGGER.error("Fail to log in FTP server with username = "
+ username + ", password = "
+
password);
ftpClient.logout();
return;
}
// Here we will use the BINARY mode as the transfer file type,
// ASCII mode is not supportted.
LOGGER.debug("Set type of the file, which is to upload, to BINARY.");
ftpClient.setFileType(FTP.BINARY_FILE_TYPE);
if
(isPASV != null
&& isPASV) {
LOGGER.debug("Use the PASV mode to transfer file.");
ftpClient.enterLocalPassiveMode();
}
else {
LOGGER.debug("Use the ACTIVE mode to transfer file.");
ftpClient.enterLocalActiveMode();
}
if
(StringUtils.isBlank(workingDirectory)) {
workingDirectory =
"/";
}
LOGGER.debug("Change current working directory to "
+ workingDirectory);
changeWorkingDirectory(ftpClient,workingDirectory);
if
(isUpload) { // upload
if
(StringUtils.isBlank(serverFileStoredName)) {
serverFileStoredName = fileToUpload.getName();
}
fileIn =
new FileInputStream(fileToUpload);
LOGGER.debug("Upload file : "
+ fileToUpload.getAbsolutePath() + " to FTP server with name : "
+ serverFileStoredName);
if
(!ftpClient.storeFile(serverFileStoredName, fileIn)) {
LOGGER.error("Fail to upload file, "
+ ftpClient.getReplyString());
}
else {
LOGGER.debug("Success to upload file.");
}
}
else { // download
// make sure the file directory exists
File fileStored =
new File(localFileStoredPath);
if
(!fileStored.getParentFile().exists()) {
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