hashCode與equals的區別與聯絡
1、預設情況(沒有覆蓋equals方法)下equals方法都是呼叫Object類的equals方法,而Object的equals方法主要用於判斷物件的記憶體地址引用是不是同一個地址(是不是同一個物件)。
2 、要是類中覆蓋了equals方法,那麼就要根據具體的程式碼來確定equals方法的作用了,覆蓋後一般都是通過物件的內容是否相等來判斷物件是否相等。
沒有覆蓋equals方法程式碼如下:
測試 程式碼如下://學生類 public class Student { private int age; private String name; public Student() { } public Student(int age, String name) { super(); this.age = age; this.name = name; } public int getAge() { return age; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setAge(int age) { this.age = age; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } }
import java.util.HashSet; import java.util.LinkedList; import java.util.Set; public class EqualsTest { public static void main(String[] args) { LinkedList<Student> list = new LinkedList<Student>(); Set<Student> set = new HashSet<Student>(); Student stu1 = new Student(3,"張三"); Student stu2 = new Student(3,"張三"); System.out.println("stu1 == stu2 : "+(stu1 == stu2)); System.out.println("stu1.equals(stu2) : "+stu1.equals(stu2)); list.add(stu1); list.add(stu2); System.out.println("list size:"+ list.size()); set.add(stu1); set.add(stu2); System.out.println("set size:"+ set.size()); } }
執行結果:
stu1 == stu2 : falsestu1.equals(stu2) : false
list size:2
set size:2
結果分析:Student類沒有覆蓋equals方法,stu1呼叫equals方法實際上呼叫的是Object的equals方法。所以採用物件記憶體地址是否相等來判斷物件是否相等。因為是兩個新物件所以物件的記憶體地址不相等,所以stu1.equals(stu2) 是false。
3、我們覆蓋一下equals方法(age和name屬性),讓Student類其通過判斷物件的內容是否相等來確定物件是否相等。
覆蓋後的Student類:
//學生類 public class Student { private int age; private String name; public Student() { } public Student(int age, String name) { super(); this.age = age; this.name = name; } public int getAge() { return age; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setAge(int age) { this.age = age; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } @Override public boolean equals(Object obj) { if (this == obj) return true; if (obj == null) return false; if (getClass() != obj.getClass()) return false; Student other = (Student) obj; if (age != other.age) return false; if (name == null) { if (other.name != null) return false; } else if (!name.equals(other.name)) return false; return true; } }
執行結果:
stu1 == stu2 : false
stu1.equals(stu2) : true
list size:2
set size:2
結果分析:因為Student兩個物件的age和name屬性相等,而且又是通過覆蓋equals方法來判斷的,所示stu1.equals(stu2) 為true。注意以上幾次測試list和set的size都是2
二、HashCode
4、通過以上的程式碼執行,我們知道equals方法已經生效。接下來我們在覆蓋一下hashCode方法(通過age和name屬性來生成hashcode)並不覆蓋equals方法,其中Hash碼是通過age和name生成的。
覆蓋hashcode後的Student類:
//學生類
public class Student {
private int age;
private String name;
public Student() {
}
public Student(int age, String name) {
super();
this.age = age;
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
@Override
public int hashCode() {
final int prime = 31;
int result = 1;
result = prime * result + age;
result = prime * result + ((name == null) ? 0 : name.hashCode());
return result;
}
}
執行結果:
stu1 == stu2 : false
stu1.equals(stu2) : false
list size:2
hashCode :775943
hashCode :775943
set size:2
結果分析:我們並沒有覆蓋equals方法只覆蓋了hashCode方法,兩個物件雖然hashCode一樣,但在將stu1和stu2放入set集合時由於equals方法比較的兩個物件是false。
5、我們覆蓋一下equals方法和hashCode方法。
Student程式碼如下:
//學生類
public class Student {
private int age;
private String name;
public Student() {
}
public Student(int age, String name) {
super();
this.age = age;
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
@Override
public int hashCode() {
final int prime = 31;
int result = 1;
result = prime * result + age;
result = prime * result + ((name == null) ? 0 : name.hashCode());
System.out.println("hashCode : "+ result);
return result;
}
@Override
public boolean equals(Object obj) {
if (this == obj)
return true;
if (obj == null)
return false;
if (getClass() != obj.getClass())
return false;
Student other = (Student) obj;
if (age != other.age)
return false;
if (name == null) {
if (other.name != null)
return false;
} else if (!name.equals(other.name))
return false;
return true;
}
}
執行結果:
stu1 == stu2 : false
stu1.equals(stu2) :true
list size:2
hashCode :775943
hashCode :775943
set size:1
結果分析:stu1和stu2通過equals方法比較相等,而且返回的hashCode值一樣,所以放入set集合中時只放入了一個物件。
6、下面我們讓兩個物件equals方法比較相等,但hashCode值不相等試試。
Student類的程式碼如下:
//學生類
public class Student {
private int age;
private String name;
private static int index=5;
public Student() {
}
public Student(int age, String name) {
super();
this.age = age;
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
@Override
public int hashCode() {
final int prime = 31;
int result = 1;
result = prime * result + (age+index++);
result = prime * result + ((name == null) ? 0 : name.hashCode());
System.out.println("result :"+result);
return result;
}
@Override
public boolean equals(Object obj) {
if (this == obj)
return true;
if (obj == null)
return false;
if (getClass() != obj.getClass())
return false;
Student other = (Student) obj;
if (age != other.age)
return false;
if (name == null) {
if (other.name != null)
return false;
} else if (!name.equals(other.name))
return false;
return true;
}
}
執行結果:stu1 == stu2 : false
stu1.equals(stu2) : true
list size:2
hashCode :776098
hashCode :776129
set size:2
結果分析:雖然stu1和stu2通過equals方法比較相等,但兩個物件的hashcode的值並不相等,所以在將stu1和stu2放入set集合中時認為是兩個不同的物件。
7、修改stu1的某個屬性值
Student程式碼如下:
//學生類
public class Student {
private int age;
private String name;
public Student() {
}
public Student(int age, String name) {
super();
this.age = age;
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
@Override
public int hashCode() {
final int prime = 31;
int result = 1;
result = prime * result + age;
result = prime * result + ((name == null) ? 0 : name.hashCode());
System.out.println("hashCode : "+ result);
return result;
}
@Override
public boolean equals(Object obj) {
if (this == obj)
return true;
if (obj == null)
return false;
if (getClass() != obj.getClass())
return false;
Student other = (Student) obj;
if (age != other.age)
return false;
if (name == null) {
if (other.name != null)
return false;
} else if (!name.equals(other.name))
return false;
return true;
}
}
測試程式碼如下:
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.Set;
public class EqualsTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
LinkedList<Student> list = new LinkedList<Student>();
Set<Student> set = new HashSet<Student>();
Student stu1 = new Student(3,"張三");
Student stu2 = new Student(3,"張三");
System.out.println("stu1 == stu2 : "+(stu1 == stu2));
System.out.println("stu1.equals(stu2) : "+stu1.equals(stu2));
list.add(stu1);
list.add(stu2);
System.out.println("list size:"+ list.size());
set.add(stu1);
set.add(stu2);
System.out.println("set size:"+ set.size());
stu1.setAge(34);
System.out.println("remove stu1 : "+set.remove(stu1));
System.out.println("set size:"+ set.size());
}
}
執行結果:
stu1 == stu2 : false
stu1.equals(stu2) : true
list size:2
hashCode : 775943
hashCode : 775943
set size:1
hashCode : 776904
remove stu1 : false
set size:1
結果分析:
當我們將某個物件存到set中時,如果該物件的屬性參與了hashcode的計算,那麼以後就不能修改該物件參與hashcode計算的那些屬性了,否則會引起意向不到的錯誤的。正如測試中,不能夠移除stu1物件。
總結:
1、equals方法用於比較物件的內容是否相等(覆蓋以後)
2、hashcode方法只有在集合中用到
3、當覆蓋了equals方法時,比較物件是否相等將通過覆蓋後的equals方法進行比較(判斷物件的內容是否相等)。
4、將物件放入到集合中時,首先判斷要放入物件的hashcode值與集合中的任意一個元素的hashcode值是否相等,如果不相等直接將該物件放入集合中。如果hashcode值相等,然後再通過equals方法判斷要放入物件與集合中的任意一個物件是否相等,如果equals判斷不相等,直接將該元素放入到集合中,否則不放入。
5、將元素放入集合的流程圖:
6、HashSet中add方法原始碼:
public boolean add(E e) {
return map.put(e, PRESENT)==null;
}
map.put原始碼:public V put(K key, V value) { if (key == null) return putForNullKey(value); int hash = hash(key.hashCode()); int i = indexFor(hash, table.length); for (Entry<K,V> e = table[i]; e != null; e = e.next) { Object k; if (e.hash == hash && ((k = e.key) == key || key.equals(k))) { V oldValue = e.value; e.value = value; e.recordAccess(this); return oldValue; } } modCount++; addEntry(hash, key, value, i); return null; }