1004 Counting Leaves （30 分）

A family hierarchy is usually presented by a pedigree tree. Your job is to count those family members who have no child.

Input Specification:

Each input file contains one test case. Each case starts with a line containing 0<N<100, the number of nodes in a tree, and M (<N), the number of non-leaf nodes. Then M lines follow, each in the format:ID K ID[1] ID[2] … ID[K]where ID is a two-digit number representing a given non-leaf node, K is the number of its children, followed by a sequence of two-digit ID’s of its children. For the sake of simplicity, let us fix the root ID to be 01.The input ends with N being 0. That case must NOT be processed.

Output Specification:

For each test case, you are supposed to count those family members who have no child for every seniority level starting from the root. The numbers must be printed in a line, separated by a space, and there must be no extra space at the end of each line.The sample case represents a tree with only 2 nodes, where 01 is the root and 02 is its only child. Hence on the root 01 level, there is 0 leaf node; and on the next level, there is 1 leaf node. Then we should output 0 1 in a line.

Sample Input:

2 1
01 1 02

Sample Output:

0 1

題目大意：

輸出樹每一行的非葉子節點數

題目解析：

拿到這道題，想到可以用並查集做，開闢三個陣列

• bool nonleaf[MAXN]//記錄節點是否為葉子節點,初值全為false
• int parent[MAXN]//記錄每個節點的父節點序號
• int count[MAXN]//儲存每一行的非葉子節點數目,初值為0

每一行讀入的資料，開頭的ID為非葉子節點，故nonleaf[ID]設為true,後面的節點全為ID的子節點，parent[序號]=ID；
遍歷節點陣列，遞迴獲取所有nonleaf值為false所在的行號line，對應的count[line]++，同時記錄最大行號maxline；
然後輸出即可。

具體程式碼：

#include<iostream>

using namespace std;

#define MAXN 110

bool nonleaf[MAXN]={false};//noleaf[節點序號]==true表示為非葉子節點 
int parent[MAXN];//記錄每個節點的父節點序號 
int count[MAXN];//儲存每一行的非葉子節點數目

int getline(int n){//計算節點所在行號 
	if(parent[n]==0)
		return 1;
	return getline(parent[n])+1;
}

int main() {
	int n,m;//n(0,100)為節點總數 
	parent[1]=0;//節點1為根節點 
	cin>>n>>m;
	while(m--){
		int pnode,num;//pnode為父節點，num為子節點個數 
		cin>>pnode>>num;
		nonleaf[pnode]=true;//有子節點 ，所以為非葉子節點 
		while(num--){
			int cnode;
			cin>>cnode;
			parent[cnode]=pnode;//pnode是cnode的父節點 
		}
	}
	fill(count,count+MAXN,0);//初始化
	int maxline=1;//記錄最大行數 
	for(int i=1;i<=n;i++){
		if(nonleaf[i]==false){//如果i是葉子節點，則計算它屬於哪一行 
			int line=getline(i);
			count[line]++;//對應行的葉子結點數目加一 
			if(line>maxline)//若所在行數大於最大行，更新最大行 
				maxline=line;
		}
	}
	//按要求輸出
	for(int i=1;i<=maxline;i++){
		cout<<count[i];
		if(i!=maxline)
			cout<<" ";
	}
	return 0;
}

發現此題可直接用vector陣列+dfs做，正向思維，程式碼如下：

#include<iostream>
#include<vector>

#define MAXN 110

using namespace std;

vector<int> v[MAXN];
int count[MAXN];
int maxdepth=-1;

void dfs(int index,int depth){
	if(v[index].size()==0)//若是葉子節點 
	{
		count[depth]++;
		if(depth>maxdepth)
			maxdepth=depth;
		return;
	}
	for(int i=0;i<v[index].size();i++)
		dfs(v[index][i],depth+1);
}

int main()
{
	int n,m;
	cin>>n>>m;
	while(m--){
		int ID,num;
		cin>>ID>>num;
		while(num--)
		{
			int k;
			cin>>k;
			v[ID].push_back(k);
		}	
	}
	fill(count,count+MAXN,0);
	dfs(1,0);
	for(int i=0;i<=maxdepth;i++)
	{
		cout<<count[i];
		if(i!=maxdepth)
			cout<<" ";
	}
	return 0;
}