使用虛擬機器時發現磁碟空間不夠了，需要掛載一個磁碟以供繼續使用，但是磁碟不是新增就可以使用的，還需要進行掛載。

一、新增磁碟

新增加新硬碟重啟伺服器

新增完之後就可以重啟機器了，如果你機器是開啟的，進入系統並不能看見你剛新增的那塊磁碟，只有等系統重啟，重新載入之後才會顯示安裝的那塊磁碟

二、進入系統

使用root使用者進入系統

三、 檢視硬碟資訊

[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l   //磁碟命令

Disk /dev/sda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610
 
 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x000c4cb5

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *           1          64      512000   83  Linux
Partition 1
 
 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2              64        2611    20458496   8e  Linux LVM

Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512
 
 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0xd0f5c869

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1               1        2610    20964793+  83  Linux

Disk /dev/sdc: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000

可以看到這臺機器載入了三個磁碟sda、sdb、sdc
其中sda是初始磁碟，sdb已經初始化且經過使用，sdc是剛剛載入的，未格式化的新磁碟

四、建立新硬碟分割槽

[[email protected] ~]# fdisk /dev/sdc #進入磁碟
Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x45a3cadb.
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable.

Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)

WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
         switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
         sectors (command 'u').

Command (m for help): m
Command action
   a   toggle a bootable flag      #設定可啟動標記
   b   edit bsd disklabel
   c   toggle the dos compatibility flag
   d   delete a partition          #刪除一個分割槽
   l   list known partition types  #各分割槽型別所對應的ID
   m   print this menu             #選單
   n   add a new partition         #新增一個分割槽
   o   create a new empty DOS partition table
   p   print the partition table   #顯示該磁碟下的當前分割槽資訊
   q   quit without saving changes #不儲存退出
   s   create a new empty Sun disklabel
   t   change a partition's system id
   u   change display/entry units
   v   verify the partition table
   w   write table to disk and exit #儲存退出
   x   extra functionality (experts only)

知道命令之後就可以進行分割槽了

Command (m for help): p //列印分割槽資訊,可以看到當前並沒有分割槽

Disk /dev/sdc: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x45a3cadb

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

Command (m for help): n //建立一個新的分割槽
Command action
   e   extended//輸入e為建立擴充套件分割槽  
   p   primary partition (1-4) //輸入p為建立邏輯分割槽  
p
Partition number (1-4): 1//劃分邏輯分割槽
First cylinder (1-2610, default 1): //我這裡直接回車,是不想把該磁碟分成多個分割槽,把整個磁碟作為1個分割槽
Using default value 1
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-2610, default 2610): 
Using default value 2610

Command (m for help): p //再次檢視可以看到該磁碟已經有1個分割槽了

Disk /dev/sdc: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x45a3cadb

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdc1               1        2610    20964793+  83  Linux
Command (m for help): w //儲存分割槽
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.

再次使用”fdisk -l”命令檢視磁碟資訊

Disk /dev/sdc: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x406a4c58

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdc1               1        2610    20964793+  83  Linux

第三塊磁碟/dev/sdc已經分割槽好了

五、格式化分割槽

[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.ext3 /dev/sdc1
//將/dev/sdc1格式化為ext3型別,好像大部分的磁碟都是格式化為ext3型別,具體為什麼沒有深入研究,暫時不清楚,想了解的朋友可以自己查一下

[[email protected] ~]# mkfs.ext3 /dev/sdc1
mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
檔案系統標籤=
作業系統:Linux
塊大小=4096 (log=2)
分塊大小=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
1310720 inodes, 5241198 blocks
262059 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
第一個資料塊=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=4294967296
160 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks: 
    32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208, 
    4096000

正在寫入inode表: 完成                            
Creating journal (32768 blocks): 完成
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: 完成

This filesystem will be automatically checked every 31 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

格式化完畢，此時就可以使用“mount”命令掛載分割槽了，然後使用這個磁碟空間了

六、掛載分割槽以及開機自動掛載

[root@localhost ~]# df -h //此時只有sda1和sdb1兩個磁碟掛載
Filesystem                    Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root   18G   15G  1.5G  92% /
tmpfs                         932M   76K  932M   1% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1                     485M   40M  421M   9% /boot
/dev/sdb1                      20G  1.2G   18G   7% /disk/diskone
/dev/sr0                      4.2G  4.2G     0 100% /media/CentOS_6.5_Final
[root@localhost /]# cd /disk/
[root@localhost disk]# ll
總用量 4
drwxr-xr-x. 4 root root 4096 7月  28 17:04 diskone
[root@localhost disk]# cd diskone/
[root@localhost diskone]# ll
總用量 20
drwx------. 2 root root 16384 7月  28 16:12 lost+found
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root  4096 7月  28 17:09 software
[root@localhost diskone]# cd ../
[root@localhost disk]# mkdir disktwo //建立被掛載的路徑
[root@localhost disk]# ll
總用量 8
drwxr-xr-x. 4 root root 4096 7月  28 17:04 diskone
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 8月   1 16:48 disktwo
[root@localhost disk]# mount /dev/sdc1 /disk/disktwo/ //進行掛載
[root@localhost disk]# df -h //再次檢視,發現sdc1已經掛載在/disk/disktwo路徑下
Filesystem                    Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root   18G   15G  1.5G  92% /
tmpfs                         932M   76K  932M   1% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1                     485M   40M  421M   9% /boot
/dev/sdb1                      20G  1.2G   18G   7% /disk/diskone
/dev/sr0                      4.2G  4.2G     0 100% /media/CentOS_6.5_Final
/dev/sdc1                      20G  173M   19G   1% /disk/disktwo

磁碟已經掛載上了
下面設定開機自動掛載
編輯/etc/fstab檔案，再最後面新增
/dev/sdc1(磁碟分割槽) /disk/disktwo（掛載目錄） ext3（檔案格式）defaults 0 0

vim /etc/fstab
/dev/sdc1(磁碟分割槽)  /disk/disktwo（掛載目錄） ext3（檔案格式）defaults  0  0

之後重啟就OK啦！！！