spring-boot 整合 rabbitmq
阿新 • • 發佈:2019-01-09
RabbitMQ
介紹
RabbitMQ是流行的開源訊息佇列系統,用erlang語言開發。RabbitMQ是AMQP(高階訊息佇列協議)的標準實現。
概念
- Broker:簡單來說就是訊息佇列伺服器實體。
- Exchange:訊息交換機,它指定訊息按什麼規則,路由到哪個佇列。
- Queue:訊息佇列載體,每個訊息都會被投入到一個或多個佇列。
- Binding:繫結,它的作用就是把exchange和queue按照路由規則繫結起來。
- Routing Key:路由關鍵字,exchange根據這個關鍵字進行訊息投遞。
- vhost:虛擬主機,一個broker裡可以開設多個vhost,用作不同使用者的許可權分離。
- producer:訊息生產者,就是投遞訊息的程式。
- consumer:訊息消費者,就是接受訊息的程式。
- channel:訊息通道,在客戶端的每個連線裡,可建立多個channel,每個channel代表一個會話任務。
使用過程
- 客戶端連線到訊息佇列伺服器,開啟一個channel。
- 客戶端宣告一個exchange,並設定相關屬性。
- 客戶端宣告一個queue,並設定相關屬性。
- 客戶端使用routing key,在exchange和queue之間建立好繫結關係。
- 客戶端投遞訊息到exchange。
exchange接收到訊息後,就根據訊息的key和已經設定的binding,進行訊息路由,將訊息投遞到一個或多個佇列裡。
exchange也有幾個型別,完全根據key進行投遞的叫做Direct交換機,例如,繫結時設定了routing key為”abc”,那麼客戶端提交的訊息,只有設定了key為”abc”的才會投遞到佇列。對key進行模式匹配後進行投遞的叫做Topic交換機,符號”#”匹配一個或多個詞,符號””匹配正好一個詞。例如”abc.#”匹配”abc.def.ghi”,”abc.
RabbitMQ支援訊息的持久化,也就是資料寫在磁碟上,為了資料安全考慮,我想大多數使用者都會選擇持久化。訊息佇列持久化包括3個部分:
- exchange持久化,在宣告時指定durable => 1
- queue持久化,在宣告時指定durable => 1
- 訊息持久化,在投遞時指定delivery_mode => 2(1是非持久化)
如果exchange和queue都是持久化的,那麼它們之間的binding也是持久化的。如果exchange和queue兩者之間有一個持久化,一個非持久化,就不允許建立繫結。
Spring-boot 整合 rabbitmq
新增maven依賴
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId>
</dependency>
簡單實現
配置
在application.properties中增加如下配置
spring.rabbitmq.addresses=127.0.0.1:5672
spring.rabbitmq.username=guest
spring.rabbitmq.password=guest
spring.rabbitmq.publisher-confirms=true
spring.rabbitmq.virtual-host=/
rabbitmq埠說明:5672-amqp,25672-clustering,61613-stomp,1883-mqtt
訊息生產者
package com.rabbitmq.send;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
@Component
public class Sender {
@Autowired
private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;
public void send(String msg) {
this.rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("foo", msg);
}
}
訊息監聽者
package com.rabbitmq.listener;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Queue;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitHandler;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.messaging.handler.annotation.Payload;
@Configuration
@RabbitListener(queues = "foo")
public class Listener {
private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(Listener.class);
@Bean
public Queue fooQueue() {
return new Queue("foo");
}
@RabbitHandler
public void process(@Payload String foo) {
LOGGER.info("Listener: " + foo);
}
}
測試Controller
package com.rabbitmq.controller;
import com.rabbitmq.send.Sender;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
@RestController
public class RabbitmqController {
@Autowired
private Sender sender;
@GetMapping("/send")
public String send(HttpServletRequest request, String msg) {
sender.send(msg);
return "Send OK.";
}
測試
INFO 5559 --- [cTaskExecutor-1] c.rabbitmq.listener.Listener : Listener: this is a test
[SimpleAsyncTaskExecutor-1] INFO c.rabbitmq.listener.Listener - Listener: this is a test
帶ConfirmCallback的使用
增加回調處理,這裡不再使用application.properties預設配置的方式,會在程式中顯示的使用檔案中的配置資訊。
配置
package com.rabbitmq.config;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.connection.CachingConnectionFactory;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.connection.ConnectionFactory;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.ConfigurableBeanFactory;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Scope;
@Configuration
public class AmqpConfig {
public static final String FOO_EXCHANGE = "callback.exchange.foo";
public static final String FOO_ROUTINGKEY = "callback.routingkey.foo";
public static final String FOO_QUEUE = "callback.queue.foo";
@Value("${spring.rabbitmq.addresses}")
private String addresses;
@Value("${spring.rabbitmq.username}")
private String username;
@Value("${spring.rabbitmq.password}")
private String password;
@Value("${spring.rabbitmq.virtual-host}")
private String virtualHost;
@Value("${spring.rabbitmq.publisher-confirms}")
private boolean publisherConfirms;
@Bean
public ConnectionFactory connectionFactory() {
CachingConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new CachingConnectionFactory();
connectionFactory.setAddresses(addresses);
connectionFactory.setUsername(username);
connectionFactory.setPassword(password);
connectionFactory.setVirtualHost(virtualHost);
/** 如果要進行訊息回撥,則這裡必須要設定為true */
connectionFactory.setPublisherConfirms(publisherConfirms);
return connectionFactory;
}
@Bean
/** 因為要設定回撥類,所以應是prototype型別,如果是singleton型別,則回撥類為最後一次設定 */
@Scope(ConfigurableBeanFactory.SCOPE_PROTOTYPE)
public RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate() {
RabbitTemplate template = new RabbitTemplate(connectionFactory());
return template;
}
}
訊息生產者
package com.rabbitmq.send;
import com.rabbitmq.config.AmqpConfig;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.support.CorrelationData;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import java.util.UUID;
@Component
public class Sender implements RabbitTemplate.ConfirmCallback {
private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(Sender.class);
private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;
@Autowired
public Sender(RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate) {
this.rabbitTemplate = rabbitTemplate;
this.rabbitTemplate.setConfirmCallback(this);
}
public void send(String msg) {
CorrelationData correlationData = new CorrelationData(UUID.randomUUID().toString());
LOGGER.info("send: " + correlationData.getId());
this.rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(AmqpConfig.FOO_EXCHANGE, AmqpConfig.FOO_ROUTINGKEY, msg, correlationData);
}
/** 回撥方法 */
@Override
public void confirm(CorrelationData correlationData, boolean ack, String cause) {
LOGGER.info("confirm: " + correlationData.getId());
}
}
訊息監聽者
package com.rabbitmq.listener;
import com.rabbitmq.config.AmqpConfig;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Binding;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.BindingBuilder;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.DirectExchange;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Queue;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitHandler;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.messaging.handler.annotation.Payload;
@Configuration
@RabbitListener(queues = AmqpConfig.FOO_QUEUE)
public class Listener {
private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(Listener.class);
/** 設定交換機型別 */
@Bean
public DirectExchange defaultExchange() {
/**
* DirectExchange:按照routingkey分發到指定佇列
* TopicExchange:多關鍵字匹配
* FanoutExchange: 將訊息分發到所有的繫結佇列,無routingkey的概念
* HeadersExchange :通過新增屬性key-value匹配
*/
return new DirectExchange(AmqpConfig.FOO_EXCHANGE);
}
@Bean
public Queue fooQueue() {
return new Queue(AmqpConfig.FOO_QUEUE);
}
@Bean
public Binding binding() {
/** 將佇列繫結到交換機 */
return BindingBuilder.bind(fooQueue()).to(defaultExchange()).with(AmqpConfig.FOO_ROUTINGKEY);
}
@RabbitHandler
public void process(@Payload String foo) {
LOGGER.info("Listener: " + foo);
}
}
或者使用下面的程式碼來代替@RabbitHandler註解的process方法
@Bean
public SimpleMessageListenerContainer messageContainer() {
SimpleMessageListenerContainer container = new SimpleMessageListenerContainer(connectionFactory());
container.setQueues(fooQueue());
container.setExposeListenerChannel(true);
container.setMaxConcurrentConsumers(1);
container.setConcurrentConsumers(1);
container.setAcknowledgeMode(AcknowledgeMode.MANUAL); //設定確認模式手工確認
container.setMessageListener(new ChannelAwareMessageListener() {
@Override
public void onMessage(Message message, Channel channel) throws Exception {
byte[] body = message.getBody();
LOGGER.info("Listener onMessage : " + new String(body));
channel.basicAck(message.getMessageProperties().getDeliveryTag(), false); //確認訊息成功消費
}
});
return container;
}
測試
執行服務,重新整理上面的測試連結,可以在控制檯看到如下輸出
INFO 15122 --- [nio-8080-exec-1] com.jikefriend.rabbitmq.send.Sender : send: c678afb7-af8b-42b2-9370-ea7f9d6004a0
[http-nio-8080-exec-1] INFO com.jikefriend.rabbitmq.send.Sender - send: c678afb7-af8b-42b2-9370-ea7f9d6004a0
INFO 15122 --- [ 127.0.0.1:5672] com.jikefriend.rabbitmq.send.Sender : confirm: c678afb7-af8b-42b2-9370-ea7f9d6004a0
[AMQP Connection 127.0.0.1:5672] INFO com.jikefriend.rabbitmq.send.Sender - confirm: c678afb7-af8b-42b2-9370-ea7f9d6004a0
INFO 15122 --- [cTaskExecutor-1] c.jikefriend.rabbitmq.listener.Listener : Listener: this is a test
[SimpleAsyncTaskExecutor-1] INFO c.j.rabbitmq.listener.Listener - Listener: this is a test