VTP配置及工作原理(實驗)
實驗目標:理解掌握VTP的配置及其工作原理
實驗TOP:
基本配置
SW1
SW2
R3
基本配置完成。
首先,我們看下一下這個案例。如圖:
通常情況下,我們需要在整個園區網或者企業網中的一組的交換機中保持VLAN資料庫的同步,以保證所有交換機都能從資料幀中讀取相關的VLAN資訊進行正確的資料轉發,然而對於大型網路來說,可能有成百上千臺交換機,而一臺交換機上都可能存在幾十乃至數百個VLAN,如果僅憑網路工程師手工配置的話是一個非常大的工作量,並且也不利於日後維護——每一次新增修改或刪除VLAN都需要在所有的交換機上部署。在這種情況下,我們引入了VTP(VLAN Trunking Protocol)。
VTP即VLAN中繼協議,也被稱為虛擬區域網幹道協議,是思科私有協議。VTP有3種模式:伺服器模式(Server);客戶機模式(Client);透明模式(Transparent)。
Server模式:提供VTP訊息(包括VLAN ID和名字資訊);
學習相同域名的VTP訊息;
轉發相同域名的VTP訊息;
可以新增、刪除和更改VLAN VLAN資訊寫入NVRAM。
Client模式:請求VTP訊息;
學習相同域名的VTP訊息;
轉發相同域名的VTP訊息;
不可以新增、刪除和更改VLAN VLAN資訊不會寫入NVRAM。
Transparent模式:不提供VTP訊息;
不學習VTP訊息;
轉發VTP訊息;
可以新增、刪除和更改VLAN,只在本地有效VLAN資訊寫入NVRAM。
新交換機出廠時的預設配置是預配置為VLAN1,VTP 模式為伺服器。
在VTP域中有兩個重要的概念:
VTP域:也稱VLAN管理域,由一個以上共享VTP域名的相互連線的交換機組成的。也就是說VTP域是一組域名相同並通過中繼鏈路相互連線的交換機;
VTP通告:在交換機之間用來傳遞VLAN資訊的資料包被稱為VTP資料包。
VTP通告包括:彙總通告,子集通告,通告請求。
注意:VTP通過Trunk,VTP Server向其它交換機傳輸資訊和接收更新。若給VTP配置密碼,那麼本域內的所有交換機的VTP密碼必須保持一致。
建立VTP域命令 switch(config)#vtp domain DOMAIN_NAME
配置交換機的VTP模式switch(config)# vtp mode server | client | transparent
配置VTP密碼 switch (config) # vtp password PASSWORD
檢視VTP配置資訊 switch# show vtp status
實驗:
假設一個小型公司由總公司和分公司組成,而總公司和分公司裡都有生產部和銷售部。
需求:為了不讓倆不能各個部門相互影響其工作,並能夠使總公司和分公司相同部門成員間能相互通訊。
解決方案:分別在總公司和分公司的交換機上配置相同的兩個VLAN,分別供生產部和銷售部使用,而兩公司交換機的藉口配為trunk模式。
如上圖所示,假設總公司、分公司的交換機命名分別為SW1、SW2,公司規定:交換機fa0/1—10為生產部所使用,fa0/11—20為銷售部所使用,剩餘介面保留。建立VLAN 10和VLAN 20分別為生產部和銷售部所使用。生產部各一成員PC1、PC3,銷售部各一成員PC2、PC4分別連線於總公司、分公司交換機,如上圖。
配置如下:
SW1(config)#vlan 10
SW1(config-vlan)#exi
SW1(config)#vlan 20
SW1(config-vlan)#exi
SW1(config)#int range f0/1 - f0/10
SW1(config-if-range)#switchport mode access
SW1(config-if-range)#switchport access vlan 10
SW1(config-if-range)#exi
SW1(config)#int range f0/11 - f0/20
SW1(config-if-range)#switchport mode access
SW1(config-if-range)#switchport access vlan 20
SW1(config-if-range)#exi
SW1(config)#int f0/24
SW1(config-if)#switchport mode trunk
SW1(config-if-range)#end
SW1#sh vlan
VLAN Name Status Ports
---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------
1 default active Fa0/21, Fa0/22, Fa0/23, Gig1/1
Gig1/2
10 VLAN0010 active Fa0/1, Fa0/2, Fa0/3, Fa0/4
Fa0/5, Fa0/6, Fa0/7, Fa0/8
Fa0/9, Fa0/10
20 VLAN0020 active Fa0/11, Fa0/12, Fa0/13, Fa0/14
Fa0/15, Fa0/16, Fa0/17, Fa0/18
Fa0/19, Fa0/20
1002 fddi-default act/unsup
1003 token-ring-default act/unsup
1004 fddinet-default act/unsup
1005 trnet-default act/unsup
VLAN Type SAID MTU Parent RingNo BridgeNo Stp BrdgMode Trans1 Trans2
---- ----- ---------- ----- ------ ------ -------- ---- -------- ------ ------
1 enet 100001 1500 - - - - - 0 0
10 enet 100010 1500 - - - - - 0 0
20 enet 100020 1500 - - - - - 0 0
1002 fddi 101002 1500 - - - - - 0 0
1003 tr 101003 1500 - - - - - 0 0
1004 fdnet 101004 1500 - - - ieee - 0 0
1005 trnet 101005 1500 - - - ibm - 0 0
Remote SPAN VLANs
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Primary Secondary Type Ports
------- --------- ----------------- ------------------------------------------
SW2(config)#vlan 10
SW2(config-vlan)#exi
SW2(config)#vlan 20
SW2(config-vlan)#exi
SW2(config)#int range f0/1 - f0/10
SW2(config-if-range)#switchport mode access
SW2(config-if-range)#switchport access vlan 10
SW2(config-if-range)#exi
SW2(config)#int range f0/11 - f0/20
SW2(config-if-range)#switchport mode access
SW2(config-if-range)#switchport access vlan 20
SW2(config-if-range)#exi
SW2(config)#int f0/24
SW2(config-if)#switchport mode trunk
SW1(config-if-range)#end
SW2#sh vlan
VLAN Name Status Ports
---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------
1 default active Fa0/21, Fa0/22, Fa0/23, Gig1/1
Gig1/2
10 VLAN0010 active Fa0/1, Fa0/2, Fa0/3, Fa0/4
Fa0/5, Fa0/6, Fa0/7, Fa0/8
Fa0/9, Fa0/10
20 VLAN0020 active Fa0/11, Fa0/12, Fa0/13, Fa0/14
Fa0/15, Fa0/16, Fa0/17, Fa0/18
Fa0/19, Fa0/20
1002 fddi-default act/unsup
1003 token-ring-default act/unsup
1004 fddinet-default act/unsup
1005 trnet-default act/unsup
VLAN Type SAID MTU Parent RingNo BridgeNo Stp BrdgMode Trans1 Trans2
---- ----- ---------- ----- ------ ------ -------- ---- -------- ------ ------
1 enet 100001 1500 - - - - - 0 0
10 enet 100010 1500 - - - - - 0 0
20 enet 100020 1500 - - - - - 0 0
1002 fddi 101002 1500 - - - - - 0 0
1003 tr 101003 1500 - - - - - 0 0
1004 fdnet 101004 1500 - - - ieee - 0 0
1005 trnet 101005 1500 - - - ibm - 0 0
Remote SPAN VLANs
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Primary Secondary Type Ports
------- --------- ----------------- ------------------------------------------
實驗結果:
PC1或PC3 與PC2或PC4 ping 都不通;
PC2 與PC4 ping通;
PC1 與PC3 ping通。
有此說明:可通過在交換機上建立VLAN以達到把不同位置的PC劃分進同一區域或實現同一區域的邏輯劃分。
但同時也存著在問題:如果在大型公司,存在著多個不同的部門和分公司,需要更多的交換機上實現VLAN的劃分(可能有成百上千臺交換機,而一臺交換機上都可能存在幾十乃至數百個VLAN),如果僅憑網路工程師手工配置的話是一個非常大的工作量,並且也不利於日後維護——每一次新增修改或刪除VLAN都需要在所有的交換機上部署。而現在我們使用VTP只需在一臺交換機上配置所有VLAN,其他交換機則會自動學習其交換機的VLAN資訊。
SW1#sh vtp status 檢視SW1VTP配置資訊
VTP Version : 2
Configuration Revision : 0
Maximum VLANs supported locally : 255
Number of existing VLANs : 5
VTP Operating Mode : Server 預設VTP 模式為伺服器
VTP Domain Name :
VTP Pruning Mode : Disabled
VTP V2 Mode : Disabled
VTP Traps Generation : Disabled
MD5 digest : 0x7D 0x5A 0xA6 0x0E 0x9A 0x72 0xA0 0x3A
Configuration last modified by 0.0.0.0 at 0-0-00 00:00:00
Local updater ID is 0.0.0.0 (no valid interface found)
SW2#sh vtp status 檢視SW2VTP配置資訊
VTP Version : 2
Configuration Revision : 0
Maximum VLANs supported locally : 255
Number of existing VLANs : 5
VTP Operating Mode : Server 預設VTP 模式為伺服器
VTP Domain Name :
VTP Pruning Mode : Disabled
VTP V2 Mode : Disabled
VTP Traps Generation : Disabled
MD5 digest : 0x7D 0x5A 0xA6 0x0E 0x9A 0x72 0xA0 0x3A
Configuration last modified by 0.0.0.0 at 0-0-00 00:00:00
Local updater ID is 0.0.0.0 (no valid interface found)
SW3#sh vtp status 檢視SW3VTP配置資訊
VTP Version : 2
Configuration Revision : 0
Maximum VLANs supported locally : 255
Number of existing VLANs : 5
VTP Operating Mode : Server 預設VTP 模式為伺服器
VTP Domain Name :
VTP Pruning Mode : Disabled
VTP V2 Mode : Disabled
VTP Traps Generation : Disabled
MD5 digest : 0x7D 0x5A 0xA6 0x0E 0x9A 0x72 0xA0 0x3A
Configuration last modified by 0.0.0.0 at 0-0-00 00:00:00
Local updater ID is 0.0.0.0 (no valid interface found)
三臺交換機在未作任何VTP配置的情況下自啟動VTP,通過檢視VTP執行狀態命令可以看到:VTP預設模式為伺服器(Server)
SW1(config)#vtp domain cisco 在SW1上建立名字為ciscoVTP域
Changing VTP domain name from NULL to cisco
SW1(config)#exi
SW1#sh vtp status
VTP Version : 2
Configuration Revision : 0
Maximum VLANs supported locally : 255
Number of existing VLANs : 5
VTP Operating Mode : Server
VTP Domain Name : cisco
VTP Pruning Mode : Disabled
VTP V2 Mode : Disabled
VTP Traps Generation : Disabled
MD5 digest : 0xAA 0xB9 0x0C 0xCD 0xD7 0xE8 0xA6 0xE0
Configuration last modified by 0.0.0.0 at 0-0-00 00:00:00
Local updater ID is 0.0.0.0 (no valid interface found)
SW2#sh vtp status
VTP Version : 2
Configuration Revision : 0
Maximum VLANs supported locally : 255
Number of existing VLANs : 5
VTP Operating Mode : Server
VTP Domain Name : cisco
VTP Pruning Mode : Disabled
VTP V2 Mode : Disabled
VTP Traps Generation : Disabled
MD5 digest : 0xAA 0xB9 0x0C 0xCD 0xD7 0xE8 0xA6 0xE0
Configuration last modified by 0.0.0.0 at 0-0-00 00:00:00
Local updater ID is 0.0.0.0 (no valid interface found)
SW3#sh vtp status
VTP Version : 2
Configuration Revision : 0
Maximum VLANs supported locally : 255
Number of existing VLANs : 5
VTP Operating Mode : Server
VTP Domain Name : cisco
VTP Pruning Mode : Disabled
VTP V2 Mode : Disabled
VTP Traps Generation : Disabled
MD5 digest : 0xAA 0xB9 0x0C 0xCD 0xD7 0xE8 0xA6 0xE0
Configuration last modified by 0.0.0.0 at 0-0-00 00:00:00
Local updater ID is 0.0.0.0 (no valid interface found)
在交換機SW1上建立名字為cisco的VTP,交換機SW2和SW3上無任何操作,但他們將自動學習到VTP域名:cisco。
SW2(config)#vlan 10
SW2(config-vlan)#end
SW2#sh vtp status
VTP Version : 2
Configuration Revision : 1 修訂版本號由0變為1
Maximum VLANs supported locally : 255
Number of existing VLANs : 6 VLAN數由5變為6
VTP Operating Mode : Server
VTP Domain Name : cisco
VTP Pruning Mode : Disabled
VTP V2 Mode : Disabled
VTP Traps Generation : Disabled
MD5 digest : 0x50 0xDF 0x49 0x46 0x91 0xEF 0x8B 0x41
Configuration last modified by 0.0.0.0 at 3-1-93 00:00:51
Local updater ID is 0.0.0.0 (no valid interface found)
SW1#sh vtp status
VTP Version : 2
Configuration Revision : 1 修訂版本號由0變為1
Maximum VLANs supported locally : 255
Number of existing VLANs : 6 VLAN數由5變為6
VTP Operating Mode : Server
VTP Domain Name : cisco
VTP Pruning Mode : Disabled
VTP V2 Mode : Disabled
VTP Traps Generation : Disabled
MD5 digest : 0x50 0xDF 0x49 0x46 0x91 0xEF 0x8B 0x41
Configuration last modified by 0.0.0.0 at 3-1-93 00:00:51
Local updater ID is 0.0.0.0 (no valid interface found)
SW1#sh vlan
VLAN Name Status Ports
---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------
1 default active Fa0/1, Fa0/2, Fa0/3, Fa0/4
Fa0/5, Fa0/6, Fa0/7, Fa0/8
Fa0/9, Fa0/10, Fa0/11, Fa0/12
Fa0/13, Fa0/14, Fa0/15, Fa0/16
Fa0/17, Fa0/18, Fa0/19, Fa0/20
Fa0/21, Fa0/22, Fa0/24, Gig1/1
Gig1/2
10 VLAN0010 active
1002 fddi-default act/unsup
1003 token-ring-default act/unsup
1004 fddinet-default act/unsup
1005 trnet-default act/unsup
VLAN Type SAID MTU Parent RingNo BridgeNo Stp BrdgMode Trans1 Trans2
---- ----- ---------- ----- ------ ------ -------- ---- -------- ------ ------
1 enet 100001 1500 - - - - - 0 0
10 enet 100010 1500 - - - - - 0 0
1002 fddi 101002 1500 - - - - - 0 0
1003 tr 101003 1500 - - - - - 0 0
1004 fdnet 101004 1500 - - - ieee - 0 0
1005 trnet 101005 1500 - - - ibm - 0 0
Remote SPAN VLANs
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Primary Secondary Type Ports
------- --------- ----------------- ------------------------------------------
SW3#sh vtp status
VTP Version : 2
Configuration Revision : 1 修訂版本號由0變為1
Maximum VLANs supported locally : 255
Number of existing VLANs : 6 VLAN數由5變為6
VTP Operating Mode : Server
VTP Domain Name : cisco
VTP Pruning Mode : Disabled
VTP V2 Mode : Disabled
VTP Traps Generation : Disabled
MD5 digest : 0x50 0xDF 0x49 0x46 0x91 0xEF 0x8B 0x41
Configuration last modified by 0.0.0.0 at 3-1-93 00:00:51
Local updater ID is 0.0.0.0 (no valid interface found)
SW3#sh vlan
VLAN Name Status Ports
---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------
1 default active Fa0/1, Fa0/2, Fa0/3, Fa0/4
Fa0/5, Fa0/6, Fa0/7, Fa0/8
Fa0/9, Fa0/10, Fa0/11, Fa0/12
Fa0/13, Fa0/14, Fa0/15, Fa0/16
Fa0/17, Fa0/18, Fa0/19, Fa0/20
Fa0/21, Fa0/22, Fa0/23, Gig1/1
Gig1/2
10 VLAN0010 active
1002 fddi-default act/unsup
1003 token-ring-default act/unsup
1004 fddinet-default act/unsup
1005 trnet-default act/unsup
VLAN Type SAID MTU Parent RingNo BridgeNo Stp BrdgMode Trans1 Trans2
---- ----- ---------- ----- ------ ------ -------- ---- -------- ------ ------
1 enet 100001 1500 - - - - - 0 0
10 enet 100010 1500 - - - - - 0 0
1002 fddi 101002 1500 - - - - - 0 0
1003 tr 101003 1500 - - - - - 0 0
1004 fdnet 101004 1500 - - - ieee - 0 0
1005 trnet 101005 1500 - - - ibm - 0 0
Remote SPAN VLANs
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Primary Secondary Type Ports
------- --------- ----------------- ------------------------------------------
交換機SW2因為新增VLAN 10而修訂版本號有1變為2,而交換機SW1和SW3修訂版本號都為0 < 1,所以自動學習SW2的VLAN配置,自動新增VLAN 10,並同步VTP資訊。由此可以看出:新增VLAN可以使VTP修訂版本號增大,且在多臺交換機VTP都Server模式時,修訂版本號越大資訊越新,會被其他修訂版本號地的交換機學習。
SW2(config)#vtp mode transparent 把交換機SW2設為透明模式
Setting device to VTP TRANSPARENT mode.
SW2(config)#vlan 30 在交換機SW2上新增VLAN 30
SW2(config-vlan)#exi
SW1(config)#vtp mode server 把交換機SW1設為伺服器模式
Device mode already VTP SERVER.
SW1(config)#vlan 20 在交換機SW1上新增VLAN 20
SW1(config-vlan)#end
SW1#sh vtp status
VTP Version : 2
Configuration Revision : 2
Maximum VLANs supported locally : 255
Number of existing VLANs : 7
VTP Operating Mode : Server
VTP Domain Name : cisco
VTP Pruning Mode : Disabled
VTP V2 Mode : Disabled
VTP Traps Generation : Disabled
MD5 digest : 0x8A 0xBD 0xC9 0xDB 0xE2 0x59 0x61 0x29
Configuration last modified by 0.0.0.0 at 3-1-93 00:12:55
Local updater ID is 0.0.0.0 (no valid interface found)
SW1#sh vlan
VLAN Name Status Ports
---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------
1 default active Fa0/1, Fa0/2, Fa0/3, Fa0/4
Fa0/5, Fa0/6, Fa0/7, Fa0/8
Fa0/9, Fa0/10, Fa0/11, Fa0/12
Fa0/13, Fa0/14, Fa0/15, Fa0/16
Fa0/17, Fa0/18, Fa0/19, Fa0/20
Fa0/21, Fa0/22, Fa0/24, Gig1/1
Gig1/2
10 VLAN0010 active
20 VLAN0020 active
1002 fddi-default act/unsup
1003 token-ring-default act/unsup
1004 fddinet-default act/unsup
1005 trnet-default act/unsup
VLAN Type SAID MTU Parent RingNo BridgeNo Stp BrdgMode Trans1 Trans2
---- ----- ---------- ----- ------ ------ -------- ---- -------- ------ ------
1 enet 100001 1500 - - - - - 0 0
10 enet 100010 1500 - - - - - 0 0
20 enet 100020 1500 - - - - - 0 0
1002 fddi 101002 1500 - - - - - 0 0
1003 tr 101003 1500 - - - - - 0 0
1004 fdnet 101004 1500 - - - ieee - 0 0
1005 trnet 101005 1500 - - - ibm - 0 0
Remote SPAN VLANs
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Primary Secondary Type Ports
------- --------- ----------------- ------------------------------------------
SW2#sh vtp status
VTP Version : 2
Configuration Revision : 0
Maximum VLANs supported locally : 255
Number of existing VLANs : 6
VTP Operating Mode : Transparent
VTP Domain Name : cisco
VTP Pruning Mode : Disabled
VTP V2 Mode : Disabled
VTP Traps Generation : Disabled
MD5 digest : 0x2F 0x58 0x29 0x9B 0x10 0x9A 0x42 0x41
Configuration last modified by 0.0.0.0 at 3-1-93 00:00:51
SW2#sh vlan
VLAN Name Status Ports
---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------
1 default active Fa0/1, Fa0/2, Fa0/3, Fa0/4
Fa0/5, Fa0/6, Fa0/7, Fa0/8
Fa0/9, Fa0/10, Fa0/11, Fa0/12
Fa0/13, Fa0/14, Fa0/15, Fa0/16
Fa0/17, Fa0/18, Fa0/19, Fa0/20
Fa0/21, Fa0/22, Gig1/1, Gig1/2
10 VLAN0010 active
30 VLAN0030 active
1002 fddi-default act/unsup
1003 token-ring-default act/unsup
1004 fddinet-default act/unsup
1005 trnet-default act/unsup
VLAN Type SAID MTU Parent RingNo BridgeNo Stp BrdgMode Trans1 Trans2
---- ----- ---------- ----- ------ ------ -------- ---- -------- ------ ------
1 enet 100001 1500 - - - - - 0 0
10 enet 100010 1500 - - - - - 0 0
30 enet 100030 1500 - - - - - 0 0
1002 fddi 101002 1500 - - - - - 0 0
1003 tr 101003 1500 - - - - - 0 0
1004 fdnet 101004 1500 - - - ieee - 0 0
1005 trnet 101005 1500 - - - ibm - 0 0
Remote SPAN VLANs
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Primary Secondary Type Ports
------- --------- ----------------- ------------------------------------------
SW3#sh vtp status
VTP Version : 2
Configuration Revision : 2
Maximum VLANs supported locally : 255
Number of existing VLANs : 7
VTP Operating Mode : Server
VTP Domain Name : cisco
VTP Pruning Mode : Disabled
VTP V2 Mode : Disabled
VTP Traps Generation : Disabled
MD5 digest : 0x28 0x2B 0x39 0xF0 0xE3 0xCD 0x25 0xC7
Configuration last modified by 0.0.0.0 at 3-1-93 00:06:07
Local updater ID is 0.0.0.0 (no valid interface found)
SW3#sh vlan
VLAN Name Status Ports
---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------
1 default active Fa0/1, Fa0/2, Fa0/3, Fa0/4
Fa0/5, Fa0/6, Fa0/7, Fa0/8
Fa0/9, Fa0/10, Fa0/11, Fa0/12
Fa0/13, Fa0/14, Fa0/15, Fa0/16
Fa0/17, Fa0/18, Fa0/19, Fa0/20
Fa0/21, Fa0/22, Fa0/23, Gig1/1
Gig1/2
10 VLAN0010 active
20 VLAN0020 active
1002 fddi-default act/unsup
1003 token-ring-default act/unsup
1004 fddinet-default act/unsup
1005 trnet-default act/unsup
VLAN Type SAID MTU Parent RingNo BridgeNo Stp BrdgMode Trans1 Trans2
---- ----- ---------- ----- ------ ------ -------- ---- -------- ------ ------
1 enet 100001 1500 - - - - - 0 0
10 enet 100010 1500 - - - - - 0 0
20 enet 100020 1500 - - - - - 0 0
1002 fddi 101002 1500 - - - - - 0 0
1003 tr 101003 1500 - - - - - 0 0
1004 fdnet 101004 1500 - - - ieee - 0 0
1005 trnet 101005 1500 - - - ibm - 0 0
Remote SPAN VLANs
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Primary Secondary Type Ports
------- --------- ----------------- ------------------------------------------
交換機SW1配置為伺服器模式,交換機SW2配置為透明模式,交換機SW3未作任何配置,預設為伺服器模式。在交換機SW1上新增VLAN 20修訂版本再次有1變為2,使交換機SW3自動學習,與交換機SW1同步資訊,新增VLAN 20並同步VTP資訊;而交換機SW2不同步VLAN配置,只發送、轉發通告,所以既不學習VLAN 20,也不會讓交換機SW1和SW3學習到VLAN 30,兩者更不會同步VTP資訊。由此說明:VTP伺服器模式的交換機具有建立、修改和刪除VLAN,傳送、轉發通告,同步VLAN配置作用;VTP透明模式的交換機建立、修改和刪除本交換機的VLANs,不同步VLAN配置,但傳送、轉發通告。
SW3(config)#no vlan 20
SW3(config)#exi
SW3#sh vtp status
VTP Version : 2
Configuration Revision : 3
Maximum VLANs supported locally : 255
Number of existing VLANs : 6
VTP Operating Mode : Server
VTP Domain Name : cisco
VTP Pruning Mode : Disabled
VTP V2 Mode : Disabled
VTP Traps Generation : Disabled
MD5 digest : 0xA8 0x0B 0x21 0x34 0x68 0x53 0xE6 0xC1
Configuration last modified by 0.0.0.0 at 3-1-93 00:11:35
Local updater ID is 0.0.0.0 (no valid interface found)
SW1#sh vtp status
VTP Version : 2
Configuration Revision : 3
Maximum VLANs supported locally : 255
Number of existing VLANs : 6
VTP Operating Mode : Server
VTP Domain Name : cisco
VTP Pruning Mode : Disabled
VTP V2 Mode : Disabled
VTP Traps Generation : Disabled
MD5 digest : 0xA8 0x0B 0x21 0x34 0x68 0x53 0xE6 0xC1
Configuration last modified by 0.0.0.0 at 3-1-93 00:11:35
Local updater ID is 0.0.0.0 (no valid interface found)
SW2#sh vtp status
VTP Version : 2
Configuration Revision : 0
Maximum VLANs supported locally : 255
Number of existing VLANs : 7
VTP Operating Mode : Transparent
VTP Domain Name : cisco
VTP Pruning Mode : Disabled
VTP V2 Mode : Disabled
VTP Traps Generation : Disabled
MD5 digest : 0x0F 0xB1 0xAC 0x47 0x23 0xFE 0x0A 0x44
Configuration last modified by 0.0.0.0 at 3-1-93 00:04:36
在交換機SW3上刪除VLAN 20後,其修訂版本號由2變為3,使交換機SW1自動學習,與交換機SW3同步資訊,刪除VLAN 20,並同步VTP版本號資訊。而交換機SW2去無任何變化,只向交換機SW1、SW3間相互發送、轉發通告。由此看出,新增、刪除VLAN都能使修訂版本號增大。
SW3(config)#vtp mode client
Setting device to VTP CLIENT mode.
SW3(config)#vlan 20
VTP VLAN configuration not allowed when device is in CLIENT mode.
SW3#sh vtp status
VTP Version : 2
Configuration Revision : 3
Maximum VLANs supported locally : 255
Number of existing VLANs : 6
VTP Operating Mode : Client
VTP Domain Name : cisco
VTP Pruning Mode : Disabled
VTP V2 Mode : Disabled
VTP Traps Generation : Disabled
MD5 digest : 0xF3 0xA4 0x91 0xAC 0x45 0xBD 0x9B 0xB8
Configuration last modified by 0.0.0.0 at 3-1-93 00:08:00
SW3(config)#no vlan 10
VTP VLAN configuration not allowed when device is in CLIENT mode.
SW3#sh vtp status
VTP Version : 2
Configuration Revision : 3
Maximum VLANs supported locally : 255
Number of existing VLANs : 6
VTP Operating Mode : Client
VTP Domain Name : cisco
VTP Pruning Mode : Disabled
VTP V2 Mode : Disabled
VTP Traps Generation : Disabled
MD5 digest : 0xF3 0xA4 0x91 0xAC 0x45 0xBD 0x9B 0xB8
Configuration last modified by 0.0.0.0 at 3-1-93 00:08:00
SW1(config)#vlan 20
SW1(config-vlan)#end
SW1#sh vtp status
VTP Version : 2
Configuration Revision : 4
Maximum VLANs supported locally : 255
Number of existing VLANs : 7
VTP Operating Mode : Server
VTP Domain Name : cisco
VTP Pruning Mode : Disabled
VTP V2 Mode : Disabled
VTP Traps Generation : Disabled
MD5 digest : 0xF2 0x09 0x72 0xEF 0x3B 0x8B 0x28 0x57
Configuration last modified by 0.0.0.0 at 3-1-93 00:11:10
Local updater ID is 0.0.0.0 (no valid interface found)
SW3#sh vtp status
VTP Version : 2
Configuration Revision : 4
Maximum VLANs supported locally : 255
Number of existing VLANs : 7
VTP Operating Mode : Client
VTP Domain Name : cisco
VTP Pruning Mode : Disabled
VTP V2 Mode : Disabled
VTP Traps Generation : Disabled
MD5 digest : 0xF2 0x09 0x72 0xEF 0x3B 0x8B 0x28 0x57
Configuration last modified by 0.0.0.0 at 3-1-93 00:11:10
SW3#sh vlan
VLAN Name Status Ports
---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------
1 default active Fa0/1, Fa0/2, Fa0/3, Fa0/4
Fa0/5, Fa0/6, Fa0/7, Fa0/8
Fa0/9, Fa0/10, Fa0/11, Fa0/12
Fa0/13, Fa0/14, Fa0/15, Fa0/16
Fa0/17, Fa0/18, Fa0/19, Fa0/20
Fa0/21, Fa0/22, Fa0/23, Gig1/1
Gig1/2
10 VLAN0010 active
20 VLAN0020 active
1002 fddi-default act/unsup
1003 token-ring-default act/unsup
1004 fddinet-default act/unsup
1005 trnet-default act/unsup
VLAN Type SAID MTU Parent RingNo BridgeNo Stp BrdgMode Trans1 Trans2
---- ----- ---------- ----- ------ ------ -------- ---- -------- ------ ------
1 enet 100001 1500 - - - - - 0 0
10 enet 100010 1500 - - - - - 0 0
20 enet 100020 1500 - - - - - 0 0
1002 fddi 101002 1500 - - - - - 0 0
1003 tr 101003 1500 - - - - - 0 0
1004 fdnet 101004 1500 - - - ieee - 0 0
1005 trnet 101005 1500 - - - ibm - 0 0
Remote SPAN VLANs
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Primary Secondary Type Ports
------- --------- ----------------- ------------------------------------------
把交換機SW3配置為客戶機模式,然後在交換機上新增VLAN 20,彈出資訊:VTP VLAN configuration not allowed when device is in CLIENT mode. (在VTP客戶機模式下不能新增VLAN配置);接著在交換機上刪除VLAN 10,彈出資訊:VTP VLAN configuration not allowed when device is in CLIENT mode. (在VTP客戶機模式下不能刪除VLAN配置)
在交換機SW1上新增VLAN 20,其修訂版本號由3變為4,交換機SW3自動學習,新增VLAN 20並同步VTP資訊。由此說明:VTP客戶機模式的交換機不建立、修改和刪除VLAN;傳送、轉發通告;同步VLAN配置。
SW1(config)#vtp password cisco 給交換機SW1配置VTP密碼為cisco
Setting device VLAN database password to cisco
SW1(config)# vlan 40 在交換機SW1上新增VLAN 40
SW1(config-vlan)#end
SW1#sh vlan
VLAN Name Status Ports
---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------
1 default active Fa0/1, Fa0/2, Fa0/3, Fa0/4
Fa0/5, Fa0/6, Fa0/7, Fa0/8
Fa0/9, Fa0/10, Fa0/11, Fa0/12
Fa0/13, Fa0/14, Fa0/15, Fa0/16
Fa0/17, Fa0/18, Fa0/19, Fa0/20
Fa0/21, Fa0/22, Fa0/24, Gig1/1
Gig1/2
10 VLAN0010 active
20 VLAN0020 active
40 VLAN0040 active
1002 fddi-default act/unsup
1003 token-ring-default act/unsup
1004 fddinet-default act/unsup
1005 trnet-default act/unsup
VLAN Type SAID MTU Parent RingNo BridgeNo Stp BrdgMode Trans1 Trans2
---- ----- ---------- ----- ------ ------ -------- ---- -------- ------ ------
1 enet 100001 1500 - - - - - 0 0
10 enet 100010 1500 - - - - - 0 0
20 enet 100020 1500 - - - - - 0 0
40 enet 100040 1500 - - - - - 0 0
1002 fddi 101002 1500 - - - - - 0 0
1003 tr 101003 1500 - - - - - 0 0
1004 fdnet 101004 1500 - - - ieee - 0 0
1005 trnet 101005 1500 - - - ibm - 0 0
Remote SPAN VLANs
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Primary Secondary Type Ports
------- --------- ----------------- ------------------------------------------
SW3#sh vlan
VLAN Name Status Ports
---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------
1 default active Fa0/1, Fa0/2, Fa0/3, Fa0/4
Fa0/5, Fa0/6, Fa0/7, Fa0/8
Fa0/9, Fa0/10, Fa0/11, Fa0/12
Fa0/13, Fa0/14, Fa0/15, Fa0/16
Fa0/17, Fa0/18, Fa0/19, Fa0/20
Fa0/21, Fa0/22, Fa0/23, Gig1/1
Gig1/2
10 VLAN0010 active
20 VLAN0020 active
1002 fddi-default act/unsup
1003 token-ring-default act/unsup
1004 fddinet-default act/unsup
1005 trnet-default act/unsup
VLAN Type SAID MTU Parent RingNo BridgeNo Stp BrdgMode Trans1 Trans2
---- ----- ---------- ----- ------ ------ -------- ---- -------- ------ ------
1 enet 100001 1500 - - - - - 0 0
10 enet 100010 1500 - - - - - 0 0
20 enet 100020 1500 - - - - - 0 0
1002 fddi 101002 1500 - - - - - 0 0
1003 tr 101003 1500 - - - - - 0 0
1004 fdnet 101004 1500 - - - ieee - 0 0
1005 trnet 101005 1500 - - - ibm - 0 0
Remote SPAN VLANs
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Primary Secondary Type Ports
------- --------- ----------------- ------------------------------------------
SW3(config)#vtp password cisco 給交換機SW1配置VTP密碼為cisco
Setting device VLAN database password to cisco
SW3(config)#exi
SW3#sh vlan
VLAN Name Status Ports
---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------
1 default active Fa0/1, Fa0/2, Fa0/3, Fa0/4
Fa0/5, Fa0/6, Fa0/7, Fa0/8
Fa0/9, Fa0/10, Fa0/11, Fa0/12
Fa0/13, Fa0/14, Fa0/15, Fa0/16
Fa0/17, Fa0/18, Fa0/19, Fa0/20
Fa0/21, Fa0/22, Fa0/23, Gig1/1
Gig1/2
10 VLAN0010 active
20 VLAN0020 active
40 VLAN0040 active
1002 fddi-default act/unsup
1003 token-ring-default act/unsup
1004 fddinet-default act/unsup
1005 trnet-default act/unsup
VLAN Type SAID MTU Parent RingNo BridgeNo Stp BrdgMode Trans1 Trans2
---- ----- ---------- ----- ------ ------ -------- ---- -------- ------ ------
1 enet 100001 1500 - - - - - 0 0
10 enet 100010 1500 - - - - - 0 0
20 enet 100020 1500 - - - - - 0 0
40 enet 100040 1500 - - - - - 0 0
1002 fddi 101002 1500 - - - - - 0 0
1003 tr 101003 1500 - - - - - 0 0
1004 fdnet 101004 1500 - - - ieee - 0 0
1005 trnet 101005 1500 - - - ibm - 0 0
Remote SPAN VLANs
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Primary Secondary Type Ports
------- --------- ----------------- ------------------------------------------
在交換機SW1上新增VLAN 40交換機SW3卻沒有新增,因為再新增VLAN 40前交換機SW1 VTP已新增密碼。而在交換機SW3上配上密碼,即可自動學習得VLAN 40。由此可見:若給VTP配置密碼,那麼本域內的所有交換機都必須擁有密碼才能相互同步資訊。
SW3(config)#no vtp password cisco
Clearing device VLAN database password.
SW3(config)#vtp password cisc1
Setting device VLAN database password to cisc1
SW1(config)#vlan 50
SW1(config-vlan)#exi
SW3#sh vlan
VLAN Name Status Ports
---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------
1 default active Fa0/1, Fa0/2, Fa0/3, Fa0/4
Fa0/5, Fa0/6, Fa0/7, Fa0/8
Fa0/9, Fa0/10, Fa0/11, Fa0/12
Fa0/13, Fa0/14, Fa0/15, Fa0/16
Fa0/17, Fa0/18, Fa0/19, Fa0/20
Fa0/21, Fa0/22, Fa0/23, Gig1/1
Gig1/2
10 VLAN0010 active
20 VLAN0020 active
40 VLAN0040 active
1002 fddi-default act/unsup
1003 token-ring-default act/unsup
1004 fddinet-default act/unsup
1005 trnet-default act/unsup
VLAN Type SAID MTU Parent RingNo BridgeNo Stp BrdgMode Trans1 Trans2
---- ----- ---------- ----- ------ ------ -------- ---- -------- ------ ------
1 enet 100001 1500 - - - - - 0 0
10 enet 100010 1500 - - - - - 0 0
20 enet 100020 1500 - - - - - 0 0
40 enet 100040 1500 - - - - - 0 0
1002 fddi 101002 1500 - - - - - 0 0
1003 tr 101003 1500 - - - - - 0 0
1004 fdnet 101004 1500 - - - ieee - 0 0
1005 trnet 101005 1500 - - - ibm - 0 0
Remote SPAN VLANs
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Primary Secondary Type Ports
------- --------- ----------------- ------------------------------------------
SW3(config)#no vtp password cisc1
Clearing device VLAN database password.
SW3(config)#vtp password cisco
Setting device VLAN database password to cisco
SW3#sh vlan
VLAN Name Status Ports
---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------
1 default active Fa0/1, Fa0/2, Fa0/3, Fa0/4
Fa0/5, Fa0/6, Fa0/7, Fa0/8
Fa0/9, Fa0/10, Fa0/11, Fa0/12
Fa0/13, Fa0/14, Fa0/15, Fa0/16
Fa0/17, Fa0/18, Fa0/19, Fa0/20
Fa0/21, Fa0/22, Fa0/23, Gig1/1
Gig1/2
10 VLAN0010 active
20 VLAN0020 active
40 VLAN0040 active
50 VLAN0050 active
1002 fddi-default act/unsup
1003 token-ring-default act/unsup
1004 fddinet-default act/unsup
1005 trnet-default act/unsup
VLAN Type SAID MTU Parent RingNo BridgeNo Stp BrdgMode Trans1 Trans2
---- ----- ---------- ----- ------ ------ -------- ---- -------- ------ ------
1 enet 100001 1500 - - - - - 0 0
10 enet 100010 1500 - - - - - 0 0
20 enet 100020 1500 - - - - - 0 0
40 enet 100040 1500 - - - - - 0 0
50 enet 100050 1500 - - - - - 0 0
1002 fddi 101002 1500 - - - - - 0 0
1003 tr 101003 1500 - - - - - 0 0
1004 fdnet 101004 1500 - - - ieee - 0 0
1005 trnet 101005 1500 - - - ibm - 0 0
Remote SPAN VLANs
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Primary Secondary Type Ports
------- --------- ----------------- ------------------------------------------
在交換機SW3上VTP使用與SW1不同的密碼cisc1,並在交換機SW1上新增VLAN 50,交換機SW3不能學習到,但使用相同的密碼cisco,則能學習到。由此可見:若給VTP配置密碼,那麼本域內的所有交換機不僅要擁有VTP密碼而且要必須保持一致才能相互同步資訊。
將三臺交換機恢復基本配置。
SW1(config)#int f0/23
SW1(config-if)#no switchport mode trunk
SW2(config)#int f0/23
SW2(config-if)#no switchport mode trunk
SW1(config)#vtp domain cisco
Changing VTP domain name from NULL to cisco
SW1(config)#exi
SW1#sh vtp status
VTP Version : 2
Configuration Revision : 0
Maximum VLANs supported locally : 255
Number of existing VLANs : 5
VTP Operating Mode : Server
VTP Domain Name : cisco
VTP Pruning Mode : Disabled
VTP V2 Mode : Disabled
VTP Traps Generation : Disabled
MD5 digest : 0xAA 0xB9 0x0C 0xCD 0xD7 0xE8 0xA6 0xE0
Configuration last modified by 0.0.0.0 at 0-0-00 00:00:00
Local updater ID is 0.0.0.0 (no valid interface found)
SW2#sh vtp status
VTP Version : 2
Configuration Revision : 0
Maximum VLANs supported locally : 255
Number of existing VLANs : 5
VTP Operating Mode : Server
VTP Domain Name :
VTP Pruning Mode : Disabled
VTP V2 Mode : Disabled
VTP Traps Generation : Disabled
MD5 digest : 0x7D 0x5A 0xA6 0x0E 0x9A 0x72 0xA0 0x3A
Configuration last modified by 0.0.0.0 at 0-0-00 00:00:00
Local updater ID is 0.0.0.0 (no valid interface found)
SW1(config)#int f0/23
SW1(config-if)# switchport mode trunk
SW2(config)#int f0/23
SW2(config-if)# switchport mode trunk
SW2#sh vtp status
VTP Version : 2
Configuration Revision : 0
Maximum VLANs supported locally : 255
Number of existing VLANs : 5
VTP Operating Mode : Server
VTP Domain Name : cisco
VTP Pruning Mode : Disabled
VTP V2 Mode : Disabled
VTP Traps Generation : Disabled
MD5 digest : 0xAA 0xB9 0x0C 0xCD 0xD7 0xE8 0xA6 0xE0
Configuration last modified by 0.0.0.0 at 0-0-00 00:00:00
Local updater ID is 0.0.0.0 (no valid interface found)
使交換機SW1和SW2相連的介面模式變為預設,則交換機SW2不能學到VTP域名cisco。由此說明:VTP通過Trunk向其它交換機傳輸資訊和接收更新。
SW1(config)#vlan 10
SW1(config-vlan)#exi
SW1(config)#vlan 20
SW1(config-vlan)#exi
SW2(config)#vlan 30
SW2(config-vlan)#exi
SW2(config)#vlan 40
SW2(config-vlan)#exi
SW1(config)#int f0/23
SW1(config-if)# switchport mode trunk
SW2(config)#int f0/23
SW2(config-if)# switchport mode trunk
SW1#sh vlan
VLAN Name Status Ports
---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------
1 default active Fa0/1, Fa0/2, Fa0/3, Fa0/4
Fa0/5, Fa0/6, Fa0/7, Fa0/8
Fa0/9, Fa0/10, Fa0/11, Fa0/12
Fa0/13, Fa0/14, Fa0/15, Fa0/16
Fa0/17, Fa0/18, Fa0/19, Fa0/20
Fa0/21, Fa0/22, Fa0/24, Gig1/1
Gig1/2
10 VLAN0010 active
20 VLAN0020 active
1002 fddi-default act/unsup
1003 token-ring-default act/unsup
1004 fddinet-default act/unsup
1005 trnet-default act/unsup
VLAN Type SAID MTU Parent RingNo BridgeNo Stp BrdgMode Trans1 Trans2
---- ----- ---------- ----- ------ ------ -------- ---- -------- ------ ------
1 enet 100001 1500 - - - - - 0 0
10 enet 100010 1500 - - - - - 0 0
20 enet 100020 1500 - - - - - 0 0
1002 fddi 101002 1500 - - - - - 0 0
1003 tr 101003 1500 - - - - - 0 0
1004 fdnet 101004 1500 - - - ieee - 0 0
1005 trnet 101005 1500 - - - ibm - 0 0
Remote SPAN VLANs
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Primary Secondary Type Ports
------- --------- ----------------- ------------------------------------------
SW2#sh vlan
VLAN Name Status Ports
---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------
1 default active Fa0/1, Fa0/2, Fa0/3, Fa0/4
Fa0/5, Fa0/6, Fa0/7, Fa0/8
Fa0/9, Fa0/10, Fa0/11, Fa0/12
Fa0/13, Fa0/14, Fa0/15, Fa0/16
Fa0/17, Fa0/18, Fa0/19, Fa0/20
Fa0/21, Fa0/22, Gig1/1, Gig1/2
30 VLAN0030 active
40 VLAN0040 active
1002 fddi-default act/unsup
1003 token-ring-default act/unsup
1004 fddinet-default act/unsup
1005 trnet-default act/unsup
VLAN Type SAID MTU Parent RingNo BridgeNo Stp BrdgMode Trans1 Trans2
---- ----- ---------- ----- ------ ------ -------- ---- -------- ------ ------
1 enet 100001 1500 - - - - - 0 0
30 enet 100030 1500 - - - - - 0 0
40 enet 100040 1500 - - - - - 0 0
1002 fddi 101002 1500 - - - - - 0 0
1003 tr 101003 1500 - - - - - 0 0
1004 fdnet 101004 1500 - - - ieee - 0 0
1005 trnet 101005 1500 - - - ibm - 0 0
Remote SPAN VLANs
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Primary Secondary Type Ports
------- --------- ----------------- ------------------------------------------
SW2(config)#vlan 50
SW2(config-vlan)#exi
SW2#sh vlan
VLAN Name Status Ports
---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------
1 default active Fa0/1, Fa0/2, Fa0/3, Fa0/4
Fa0/5, Fa0/6, Fa0/7, Fa0/