GIS技術 計算經緯度、距離、方位角
阿新 • • 發佈:2019-01-30
(原文地址:http://www.cnblogs.com/leejuan/p/5552460.html)
1.根據兩點經緯度計算其間距離,發現有3種公式,結果區別不是很大。
2.根據一點的經緯度與到另外一點的距離、方位角,計算另一點的經緯度,誤差不是很大。
[java] view plain copy
/**
*
* 計算經緯度、距離、方位角
*
* */
public class CalculationLogLatDistance {
/**
* 地球赤道半徑(km)
* */
public final static double EARTH_RADIUS = 6378.137;
/**
* 地球每度的弧長(km)
* */
public final static double EARTH_ARC = 111.199;
/**
* 轉化為弧度(rad)
* */
public static double rad(double d) {
return d * Math.PI / 180.0;
}
/**
* 求兩經緯度距離
*
* @param lon1
* 第一點的經度
* @param lat1
* 第一點的緯度
* @param lon2
* 第二點的經度
* @param lat2
* 第二點的緯度
* @return 兩點距離,單位km
* */
public static double GetDistanceOne(double lon1, double lat1, double lon2,
double lat2) {
double r1 = rad(lat1);
double r2 = rad(lon1);
double a = rad(lat2);
double b = rad(lon2);
double s = Math.acos(Math.cos(r1) * Math.cos(a) * Math.cos(r2 - b)
+ Math.sin(r1) * Math.sin(a))
* EARTH_RADIUS;
return s;
}
/**
* 求兩經緯度距離(google maps原始碼中)
*
* @param lon1
* 第一點的經度
* @param lat1
* 第一點的緯度
* @param lon2
* 第二點的經度
* @param lat2
* 第二點的緯度
* @return 兩點距離,單位km
* */
public static double GetDistanceTwo(double lon1, double lat1, double lon2,
double lat2) {
double radLat1 = rad(lat1);
double radLat2 = rad(lat2);
double a = radLat1 - radLat2;
double b = rad(lon1) - rad(lon2);
double s = 2 * Math.asin(Math.sqrt(Math.pow(Math.sin(a / 2), 2)
+ Math.cos(radLat1) * Math.cos(radLat2)
* Math.pow(Math.sin(b / 2), 2)));
s = s * EARTH_RADIUS;
return s;
}
/**
* 求兩經緯度距離
*
* @param lon1
* 第一點的經度
* @param lat1
* 第一點的緯度
* @param lon2
* 第二點的經度
* @param lat2
* 第二點的緯度
* @return 兩點距離,單位km
* */
public static double GetDistanceThree(double lon1, double lat1,
double lon2, double lat2) {
double radLat1 = rad(lat1);
double radLat2 = rad(lat2);
double radLon1 = rad(lon1);
double radLon2 = rad(lon2);
if (radLat1 < 0)
radLat1 = Math.PI / 2 + Math.abs(radLat1);// south
if (radLat1 > 0)
radLat1 = Math.PI / 2 - Math.abs(radLat1);// north
if (radLon1 < 0)
radLon1 = Math.PI * 2 - Math.abs(radLon1);// west
if (radLat2 < 0)
radLat2 = Math.PI / 2 + Math.abs(radLat2);// south
if (radLat2 > 0)
radLat2 = Math.PI / 2 - Math.abs(radLat2);// north
if (radLon2 < 0)
radLon2 = Math.PI * 2 - Math.abs(radLon2);// west
double x1 = Math.cos(radLon1) * Math.sin(radLat1);
double y1 = Math.sin(radLon1) * Math.sin(radLat1);
double z1 = Math.cos(radLat1);
double x2 = Math.cos(radLon2) * Math.sin(radLat2);
double y2 = Math.sin(radLon2) * Math.sin(radLat2);
double z2 = Math.cos(radLat2);
double d = Math.pow((x1 - x2), 2) + Math.pow((y1 - y2), 2)
+ Math.pow((z1 - z2), 2);
// // 餘弦定理求夾角
// double theta = Math.acos((2 - d) / 2);
d = Math.pow(EARTH_RADIUS, 2) * d;
// //餘弦定理求夾角
double theta = Math.acos((2 * Math.pow(EARTH_RADIUS, 2) - d)
/ (2 * Math.pow(EARTH_RADIUS, 2)));
double dist = theta * EARTH_RADIUS;
return dist;
}
/**
* 求兩經緯度方向角
*
* @param lon1
* 第一點的經度
* @param lat1
* 第一點的緯度
* @param lon2
* 第二點的經度
* @param lat2
* 第二點的緯度
* @return 方位角,角度(單位:°)
* */
public static double GetAzimuth(double lon1, double lat1, double lon2,
double lat2) {
lat1 = rad(lat1);
lat2 = rad(lat2);
lon1 = rad(lon1);
lon2 = rad(lon2);
double azimuth = Math.sin(lat1) * Math.sin(lat2) + Math.cos(lat1)
* Math.cos(lat2) * Math.cos(lon2 - lon1);
azimuth = Math.sqrt(1 - azimuth * azimuth);
azimuth = Math.cos(lat2) * Math.sin(lon2 - lon1) / azimuth;
azimuth = Math.asin(azimuth) * 180 / Math.PI;
if (Double.isNaN(azimuth)) {
if (lon1 < lon2) {
azimuth = 90.0;
} else {
azimuth = 270.0;
}
}
return azimuth;
}
/**
* 已知一點經緯度A,和與另一點B的距離和方位角,求B的經緯度(計算結果有誤)
*
* @param lon1
* A的經度
* @param lat1
* A的緯度
* @param distance
* AB距離(單位:米)
* @param azimuth
* AB方位角
* @return B的經緯度
* */
public static String GetOtherPoint(double lon1, double lat1,
double distance, double azimuth) {
azimuth = rad(azimuth);
double ab = distance / EARTH_ARC;// AB間弧線長
ab = rad(ab);
double Lat = Math.asin(Math.sin(lat1) * Math.cos(ab) + Math.cos(lat1)
* Math.sin(ab) * Math.cos(azimuth));
double Lon = lon1
+ Math.asin(Math.sin(azimuth) * Math.sin(ab) / Math.cos(Lat));
System.out.println(Lon + "," + Lat);
double a = Math.acos(Math.cos(90 - lon1) * Math.cos(ab)
+ Math.sin(90 - lon1) * Math.sin(ab) * Math.cos(azimuth));
double C = Math.asin(Math.sin(ab) * Math.sin(azimuth) / Math.sin(a));
System.out.println("c=" + C);
double lon2 = lon1 + C;
double lat2 = 90 - a;
return lon2 + "," + lat2;
}
/**
* 已知一點經緯度A,和與另一點B的距離和方位角,求B的經緯度
*
* @param lon1
* A的經度
* @param lat1
* A的緯度
* @param distance
* AB距離(單位:米)
* @param azimuth
* AB方位角
* @return B的經緯度
* */
public static String ConvertDistanceToLogLat(double lng1, double lat1,
double distance, double azimuth) {
azimuth = rad(azimuth);
// 將距離轉換成經度的計算公式
double lon = lng1 + (distance * Math.sin(azimuth))
/ (EARTH_ARC * Math.cos(rad(lat1)));
// 將距離轉換成緯度的計算公式
double lat = lat1 + (distance * Math.cos(azimuth)) / EARTH_ARC;
return lon + "," + lat;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
double lon1 = 121.469156;
double lat1 = 31.232307;
double lon2 = 121.469156;
double lat2 = 31.233205;
double distance = GetDistanceTwo(lon1, lat1, lon2, lat2);
double azimuth = GetAzimuth(lon1, lat1, lon2, lat2);
System.out.println("經緯度為(" + lon1 + "," + lat1 + ")的點與經緯度為(" + lon2
+ "," + lat2 + ")相距:" + distance + "千米," + "方位角:" + azimuth
+ "°");
System.out.println("距經緯度為(" + lon1 + "," + lat1 + ")的點" + distance
+ "千米,方位角為" + azimuth + "°的另一點經緯度為("
+ ConvertDistanceToLogLat(lon1, lat1, distance, azimuth) + ")");
}
}
1.根據兩點經緯度計算其間距離,發現有3種公式,結果區別不是很大。
2.根據一點的經緯度與到另外一點的距離、方位角,計算另一點的經緯度,誤差不是很大。
[java] view plain copy
/**
*
* 計算經緯度、距離、方位角
*
* */
public class CalculationLogLatDistance {
/**
* 地球赤道半徑(km)
* */
public final static double EARTH_RADIUS = 6378.137;
/**
* 地球每度的弧長(km)
* */
public final static double EARTH_ARC = 111.199;
/**
* 轉化為弧度(rad)
* */
public static double rad(double d) {
return d * Math.PI / 180.0;
}
/**
* 求兩經緯度距離
*
* @param lon1
* 第一點的經度
* @param lat1
* 第一點的緯度
* @param lon2
* 第二點的經度
* @param lat2
* 第二點的緯度
* @return 兩點距離,單位km
* */
public static double GetDistanceOne(double lon1, double lat1, double lon2,
double lat2) {
double r1 = rad(lat1);
double r2 = rad(lon1);
double a = rad(lat2);
double b = rad(lon2);
double s = Math.acos(Math.cos(r1) * Math.cos(a) * Math.cos(r2 - b)
+ Math.sin(r1) * Math.sin(a))
* EARTH_RADIUS;
return s;
}
/**
* 求兩經緯度距離(google maps原始碼中)
*
* @param lon1
* 第一點的經度
* @param lat1
* 第一點的緯度
* @param lon2
* 第二點的經度
* @param lat2
* 第二點的緯度
* @return 兩點距離,單位km
* */
public static double GetDistanceTwo(double lon1, double lat1, double lon2,
double lat2) {
double radLat1 = rad(lat1);
double radLat2 = rad(lat2);
double a = radLat1 - radLat2;
double b = rad(lon1) - rad(lon2);
double s = 2 * Math.asin(Math.sqrt(Math.pow(Math.sin(a / 2), 2)
+ Math.cos(radLat1) * Math.cos(radLat2)
* Math.pow(Math.sin(b / 2), 2)));
s = s * EARTH_RADIUS;
return s;
}
/**
* 求兩經緯度距離
*
* @param lon1
* 第一點的經度
* @param lat1
* 第一點的緯度
* @param lon2
* 第二點的經度
* @param lat2
* 第二點的緯度
* @return 兩點距離,單位km
* */
public static double GetDistanceThree(double lon1, double lat1,
double lon2, double lat2) {
double radLat1 = rad(lat1);
double radLat2 = rad(lat2);
double radLon1 = rad(lon1);
double radLon2 = rad(lon2);
if (radLat1 < 0)
radLat1 = Math.PI / 2 + Math.abs(radLat1);// south
if (radLat1 > 0)
radLat1 = Math.PI / 2 - Math.abs(radLat1);// north
if (radLon1 < 0)
radLon1 = Math.PI * 2 - Math.abs(radLon1);// west
if (radLat2 < 0)
radLat2 = Math.PI / 2 + Math.abs(radLat2);// south
if (radLat2 > 0)
radLat2 = Math.PI / 2 - Math.abs(radLat2);// north
if (radLon2 < 0)
radLon2 = Math.PI * 2 - Math.abs(radLon2);// west
double x1 = Math.cos(radLon1) * Math.sin(radLat1);
double y1 = Math.sin(radLon1) * Math.sin(radLat1);
double z1 = Math.cos(radLat1);
double x2 = Math.cos(radLon2) * Math.sin(radLat2);
double y2 = Math.sin(radLon2) * Math.sin(radLat2);
double z2 = Math.cos(radLat2);
double d = Math.pow((x1 - x2), 2) + Math.pow((y1 - y2), 2)
+ Math.pow((z1 - z2), 2);
// // 餘弦定理求夾角
// double theta = Math.acos((2 - d) / 2);
d = Math.pow(EARTH_RADIUS, 2) * d;
// //餘弦定理求夾角
double theta = Math.acos((2 * Math.pow(EARTH_RADIUS, 2) - d)
/ (2 * Math.pow(EARTH_RADIUS, 2)));
double dist = theta * EARTH_RADIUS;
return dist;
}
/**
* 求兩經緯度方向角
*
* @param lon1
* 第一點的經度
* @param lat1
* 第一點的緯度
* @param lon2
* 第二點的經度
* @param lat2
* 第二點的緯度
* @return 方位角,角度(單位:°)
* */
public static double GetAzimuth(double lon1, double lat1, double lon2,
double lat2) {
lat1 = rad(lat1);
lat2 = rad(lat2);
lon1 = rad(lon1);
lon2 = rad(lon2);
double azimuth = Math.sin(lat1) * Math.sin(lat2) + Math.cos(lat1)
* Math.cos(lat2) * Math.cos(lon2 - lon1);
azimuth = Math.sqrt(1 - azimuth * azimuth);
azimuth = Math.cos(lat2) * Math.sin(lon2 - lon1) / azimuth;
azimuth = Math.asin(azimuth) * 180 / Math.PI;
if (Double.isNaN(azimuth)) {
if (lon1 < lon2) {
azimuth = 90.0;
} else {
azimuth = 270.0;
}
}
return azimuth;
}
/**
* 已知一點經緯度A,和與另一點B的距離和方位角,求B的經緯度(計算結果有誤)
*
* @param lon1
* A的經度
* @param lat1
* A的緯度
* @param distance
* AB距離(單位:米)
* @param azimuth
* AB方位角
* @return B的經緯度
* */
public static String GetOtherPoint(double lon1, double lat1,
double distance, double azimuth) {
azimuth = rad(azimuth);
double ab = distance / EARTH_ARC;// AB間弧線長
ab = rad(ab);
double Lat = Math.asin(Math.sin(lat1) * Math.cos(ab) + Math.cos(lat1)
* Math.sin(ab) * Math.cos(azimuth));
double Lon = lon1
+ Math.asin(Math.sin(azimuth) * Math.sin(ab) / Math.cos(Lat));
System.out.println(Lon + "," + Lat);
double a = Math.acos(Math.cos(90 - lon1) * Math.cos(ab)
+ Math.sin(90 - lon1) * Math.sin(ab) * Math.cos(azimuth));
double C = Math.asin(Math.sin(ab) * Math.sin(azimuth) / Math.sin(a));
System.out.println("c=" + C);
double lon2 = lon1 + C;
double lat2 = 90 - a;
return lon2 + "," + lat2;
}
/**
* 已知一點經緯度A,和與另一點B的距離和方位角,求B的經緯度
*
* @param lon1
* A的經度
* @param lat1
* A的緯度
* @param distance
* AB距離(單位:米)
* @param azimuth
* AB方位角
* @return B的經緯度
* */
public static String ConvertDistanceToLogLat(double lng1, double lat1,
double distance, double azimuth) {
azimuth = rad(azimuth);
// 將距離轉換成經度的計算公式
double lon = lng1 + (distance * Math.sin(azimuth))
/ (EARTH_ARC * Math.cos(rad(lat1)));
// 將距離轉換成緯度的計算公式
double lat = lat1 + (distance * Math.cos(azimuth)) / EARTH_ARC;
return lon + "," + lat;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
double lon1 = 121.469156;
double lat1 = 31.232307;
double lon2 = 121.469156;
double lat2 = 31.233205;
double distance = GetDistanceTwo(lon1, lat1, lon2, lat2);
double azimuth = GetAzimuth(lon1, lat1, lon2, lat2);
System.out.println("經緯度為(" + lon1 + "," + lat1 + ")的點與經緯度為(" + lon2
+ "," + lat2 + ")相距:" + distance + "千米," + "方位角:" + azimuth
+ "°");
System.out.println("距經緯度為(" + lon1 + "," + lat1 + ")的點" + distance
+ "千米,方位角為" + azimuth + "°的另一點經緯度為("
+ ConvertDistanceToLogLat(lon1, lat1, distance, azimuth) + ")");
}
}