Nginx是廣為流行的輕量級Web伺服器軟體。它開源，短小精悍，簡單易用，深受廣大網際網路企業以及IT運維人員所喜愛。很多時候，我們在生產環境基於編譯方式安裝Nginx後，Nginx需要手工配置自啟動服務，以確保伺服器異常宕機後自動重啟該服務。以下描述的是基於CentOS 7下來配置自啟動服務，供大家參考。

一、yum 安裝方式Nginx自啟動

當前環境
[[email protected] ~]# more /etc/redhat-release 
CentOS Linux release 7.2.1511 (Core) 

檢視是否保護nginx rpm包
[[email protected]
 
 ~]# rpm -qa|grep nginx
nginx-mod-http-geoip-1.12.2-2.el7.x86_64
nginx-1.12.2-2.el7.x86_64
nginx-filesystem-1.12.2-2.el7.noarch
nginx-mod-http-xslt-filter-1.12.2-2.el7.x86_64
nginx-mod-stream-1.12.2-2.el7.x86_64
nginx-mod-http-perl-1.12.2-2.el7.x86_64
nginx-mod-http-image-filter-1.12.2-2.el7.x86_64
nginx-all-modules-1.12
 
.2-2.el7.noarch
nginx-mod-mail-1.12.2-2.el7.x86_64

檢視是否存在相應的服務，如下，有nginx.service
[[email protected] ~]# systemctl list-unit-files |grep nginx
nginx.service                              disabled

將其配置為自動
[[email protected] ~]# systemctl enable nginx.service

檢視nginx.service檔案
[[email protected]
 
 ~]# more /lib/systemd/system/nginx.service
[Unit]
Description=The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server
After=network.target remote-fs.target nss-lookup.target

[Service]
Type=forking
PIDFile=/run/nginx.pid
# Nginx will fail to start if /run/nginx.pid already exists but has the wrong
# SELinux context. This might happen when running `nginx -t` from the cmdline.
# https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1268621
ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/rm -f /run/nginx.pid
ExecStartPre=/usr/sbin/nginx -t
ExecStart=/usr/sbin/nginx
ExecReload=/bin/kill -s HUP $MAINPID
KillSignal=SIGQUIT
TimeoutStopSec=5
KillMode=process
PrivateTmp=true

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

上述配置檔案中的內容和官網提供的一模一樣
https://www.nginx.com/resources/wiki/start/topics/examples/systemd/

二、編譯安裝後的自啟動配置

由於是編譯安裝，因此，對於這個自啟動的指令碼我們需要自行配製。
具體則是參考上面的連結或者上面給出的nginx.service檔案內容。
然後將其儲存為 /lib/systemd/system/nginx.service。

看下面的例子

# more /etc/redhat-release 
CentOS Linux release 7.4.1708 (Core) 

# ps -ef|grep nginx
root    10092 10014  0 16:23 pts/0    00:00:00 grep --color=auto nginx
root    20791    1  0 Mar20 ?        00:00:00 nginx: master process ./sbin/nginx -c /u01/app/nginx/nginx.conf
nobody  20792 20791  0 Mar20 ?        00:00:44 nginx: worker process
nobody  20793 20791  0 Mar20 ?        00:00:42 nginx: worker process
nobody  20794 20791  0 Mar20 ?        00:00:50 nginx: worker process
nobody  20795 20791  0 Mar20 ?        00:00:44 nginx: worker process
nobody  20796 20791  0 Mar20 ?        00:00:43 nginx: worker process
nobody  20797 20791  0 Mar20 ?        00:00:43 nginx: worker process
nobody  20798 20791  0 Mar20 ?        00:00:37 nginx: worker process
nobody  20799 20791  0 Mar20 ?        00:00:48 nginx: worker process
nobody  20800 20791  0 Mar20 ?        00:00:04 nginx: cache manager process
# 

無相應的rpm包，如下查詢，此處為編譯安裝
# rpm -qa|grep nginx

也沒有新增相應的自啟動服務
# systemctl list-unit-files |grep nginx

nginx版本
# /u01/app/nginx/sbin/nginx -v
nginx version: nginx/1.8.1

獲取nginx編譯模組，然後檢視諸如pid，二進位制位置並記錄以便修改啟動檔案
# /u01/app/nginx/sbin/nginx -V
nginx version: nginx/1.8.1
built by gcc 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-16) (GCC) 
built with OpenSSL 1.0.2k-fips  26 Jan 2017
TLS SNI support enabled
configure arguments: --prefix=/u01/app/nginx --sbin-path=/u01/app/nginx/sbin/nginx 
--conf-path=/u01/app/nginx/nginx.conf --error-log-path=/u01/app/nginx/log/error.log 
--http-log-path=/u01/app/nginx/log/access.log --pid-path=/u01/app/nginx/nginx.pid 
--lock-path=/u01/app/nginx/nginx.lock --http-client-body-temp-path=/u01/app/nginx/client_temp 
--http-proxy-temp-path=/u01/app/nginx/proxy_temp 
--http-fastcgi-temp-path=/u01/app/nginx/fastcgi_temp 
--http-uwsgi-temp-path=/u01/app/nginx/uwsgi_temp --http-scgi-temp-path=/u01/app/nginx/scgi_temp
--user=nginx --group=nginx --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_realip_module 
--with-http_addition_module --with-http_sub_module --with-http_dav_module
--with-http_flv_module --with-http_mp4_module --with-http_gunzip_module 
--with-http_gzip_static_module --with-http_random_index_module --with-http_secure_link_module 
--with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_auth_request_module --with-mail --with-mail_ssl_module
--with-file-aio --with-http_spdy_module --with-ipv6

下面我們生成一個新的nginx.service檔案

# vim /lib/systemd/system/nginx.service

[Unit]
Description=The NGINX HTTP and reverse proxy server
After=syslog.target network.target remote-fs.target nss-lookup.target

[Service]
Type=forking
PIDFile=/u01/app/nginx/nginx.pid
ExecStartPre=/u01/app/nginx/sbin/nginx  -t
ExecStart=/u01/app/nginx/sbin/nginx 
ExecReload=/bin/kill -s HUP $MAINPID
ExecStop=/bin/kill -s QUIT $MAINPID
PrivateTmp=true

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

下面我們先手工停止nginx
# /u01/app/nginx/sbin/nginx -s stop

配置自啟動
# systemctl enable nginx.service

使用systemctl工具啟動nginx服務
# systemctl start nginx.service

# systemctl status nginx.service
● nginx.service - The NGINX HTTP and reverse proxy server
  Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
  Active: active (running) since Thu 2018-03-29 16:37:47 CST; 6s ago
  Process: 10588 ExecStart=/u01/app/nginx/sbin/nginx (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
  Process: 10586 ExecStartPre=/u01/app/nginx/sbin/nginx -t (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Main PID: 10590 (nginx)
  CGroup: /system.slice/nginx.service
          ├─10590 nginx: master process /u01/app/nginx/sbin/nginx
          ├─10591 nginx: worker process # Author : Leshami
          ├─10592 nginx: worker process # Blog : https://blog.csdn.net/leshami
          ├─10593 nginx: worker process
          ├─10594 nginx: worker process
          ├─10595 nginx: worker process
          ├─10596 nginx: worker process
          ├─10597 nginx: worker process
          ├─10598 nginx: worker process
          ├─10599 nginx: cache manager process
          └─10600 nginx: cache loader process

Mar 29 16:37:47 ydq-std systemd[1]: Starting The NGINX HTTP and reverse proxy server...
Mar 29 16:37:47 ydq-std nginx[10586]: nginx: the configuration file /u01/app/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
Mar 29 16:37:47 ydq-std nginx[10586]: nginx: configuration file /u01/app/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
Mar 29 16:37:47 ydq-std systemd[1]: Started The NGINX HTTP and reverse proxy server.

三、更多參考