1. 程式人生 > >比LongAddr功能更強大的LongAccumulator原子類原理探究

比LongAddr功能更強大的LongAccumulator原子類原理探究

面試題

(1)LongAccumulator與LongAddr類的結構

(2)LongAddr與LongAccumulator類有什麼區別?

(3)LongAddr與LongAccumulator類相同點?

(1)LongAccumulator與LongAddr類的結構

(2)LongAddr與LongAccumulator類有什麼區別?

LongAccumulator類原理分析

/**
 * Creates a new instance using the given accumulator function
 * and identity element.
 * @param accumulatorFunction a side-effect-free function of two arguments
 * @param identity identity (initial value) for the accumulator function
 */
public LongAccumulator(LongBinaryOperator accumulatorFunction,
                       long identity) {
    this.function = accumulatorFunction;
    base = this.identity = identity;
}
@FunctionalInterface
public interface LongBinaryOperator {

    /**
     * Applies this operator to the given operands.
     *
     * @param left the first operand
     * @param right the second operand
     * @return the operator result
     */
    //根據兩個引數計算並返回一個值
    long applyAsLong(long left, long right);
}

首先LongAccumulator類相比於LongAddr功能更加強大,如上程式碼accumulatorFunction是一個雙目運算器介面,其根據輸入的兩個引數返回一個計算值,identity則是LongAccumulator累加器的初始值。

如何使用LongAccumulator

LongAdder longAdder = new LongAdder();
new LongAccumulator(new LongBinaryOperator() {
    @Override
    public long applyAsLong(long left, long right) {
        return left+right;
    }
},0);

LongAccumulator相比於LongAdder,可以為累加器提供非0的初始值,而LongAdder只能提供預設的0值。

另外,LongAccumulator還可以指定累加規則,比如累加或者相乘,只需要在構造LongAccumulator時,傳入自定義的雙目運算器即可,後者則內建累加規則。

LongAddr的add方法

public void add(long x) {
    Cell[] as; long b, v; int m; Cell a;
    if ((as = cells) != null || !casBase(b = base, b + x)) {
        boolean uncontended = true;
        if (as == null || (m = as.length - 1) < 0 ||
            (a = as[getProbe() & m]) == null ||
            !(uncontended = a.cas(v = a.value, v + x)))
            longAccumulate(x, null, uncontended);
    }
}

LongAccumulator的accumulate方法

public void accumulate(long x) {
    Cell[] as; long b, v, r; int m; Cell a;
    if ((as = cells) != null ||
        (r = function.applyAsLong(b = base, x)) != b && !casBase(b, r)) {
        boolean uncontended = true;
        if (as == null || (m = as.length - 1) < 0 ||
            (a = as[getProbe() & m]) == null ||
            !(uncontended =
              (r = function.applyAsLong(v = a.value, x)) == v ||
              a.cas(v, r)))
            longAccumulate(x, function, uncontended);
    }
}

從上面兩段程式碼可知,LongAccumulator相比於LongAddr不同之處在於呼叫casBase時;

LongAccumulator使用 r = function.applyAsLong(b = base, x)來計算

LongAddr使用casBase(b = base, b + x)來計算

另外,LongAccumulator在呼叫 longAccumulate 時傳遞的是 function ,而LongAddr傳遞的是null。

final void longAccumulate(long x, LongBinaryOperator fn,
                          boolean wasUncontended) {
  ....
        else if (casBase(v = base, ((fn == null) ? v + x :
                                    fn.applyAsLong(v, x))))
            break;                          // Fall back on using base
    }
}

通過LongAccumulator和LongAddr的longAccumulate()方法可知:當fn為null時就使用v+x加法運算,這時候就等價於LongAddr,當fn不為null時,則使用傳遞的fn函式計算。

(3)LongAddr與LongAccumulator類相同點?

LongAddr與LongAccumulator類都是使用非阻塞演算法CAS實現的,這相比於使用鎖實現原子性操作在效能上有很大的提高。

LongAddr類是LongAccumulator類的一個特例,只是LongAccumulator提供了更強大的功能,可以讓使用者自定義累加規則。

參考書籍:

Java併發程式設計