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Mybatis入門-04-多對一

一、 前言

一切當以官方文件為基準。

參考視訊:

在我學習MySQL的時候,老師告訴我儘量不要使用外來鍵,而是在JDBC程式碼中用邏輯程式碼去替代他。

至於原話,似乎是下面這句:

不得使用外來鍵與級聯,一切外來鍵概念必須在應用層解決。

秉承這樣的概念,在下面的演示中資料庫只有一個“概念上”的外來鍵,實質上是多表查詢。

二、準備工作

2.0 依賴、路徑

為了方便,這裡使用前面留下來的配置:

本文之前的操作步驟:

  1. Mybatis入門-第一個程式
  2. Mybatis入門-02-增刪改查及配置(屬性、別名、對映器)
  3. Mybatis入門-03-日誌工廠

上面是我喜歡的一些配置,一般來說按自己配置來並不會太影響。

2.1 建立資料庫

create database if not exists `mybatis`;

use `mybatis`;

create table if not exists `User`(
    `id` INT(20) not null primary key,
    `name` VARCHAR(20) default null,
    `pwd` varchar(20) default null
)ENGINE=INNODB default CHARSET = UTF8;

insert into `User`(`id`,`name`,`pwd`)
values (1,'admin','123456'),
       (2,'Jax','123456'),
       (3,'Jinx','123455'),
       (4,'Query','123456'),
       (5,'biubiu','123456');

select `id`,`name` from mybatis.user;

CREATE TABLE `teacher` (
                           `id` INT(10) NOT NULL,
                           `name` VARCHAR(30) DEFAULT NULL,
                           PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=INNODB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

INSERT INTO teacher(`id`, `name`) VALUES (1, '秦老師');

CREATE TABLE `student` (
                           `id` INT(10) NOT NULL,
                           `name` VARCHAR(30) DEFAULT NULL,
                           `tid` INT(10) DEFAULT NULL,
                           PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=INNODB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
INSERT INTO `student` (`id`, `name`, `tid`) VALUES ('1', '小明', '1');
INSERT INTO `student` (`id`, `name`, `tid`) VALUES ('2', '小紅', '1');
INSERT INTO `student` (`id`, `name`, `tid`) VALUES ('3', '小張', '1');
INSERT INTO `student` (`id`, `name`, `tid`) VALUES ('4', '小李', '1');
INSERT INTO `student` (`id`, `name`, `tid`) VALUES ('5', '小王', '1');

可以看到,沒有定義外來鍵。

大致效果:

2.2 建立實體類

Student.java

package com.duzhuan.pojo;

/**
 * @Autord: HuangDekai
 * @Date: 2020/9/16 14:45
 * @Version: 1.0
 * @since: jdk11
 */
public class Student {
    private int id;
    private String name;
    private Teacher teacher;

    public Student() {
    }

    public Student(int id, String name, Teacher teacher) {
        this.id = id;
        this.name = name;
        this.teacher = teacher;
    }
    
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Student{" +
                "id=" + id +
                ", name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", teacher=" + teacher +
                '}';
    }
}

//省略空間,省略Getter和Setter方法

Teacher.java

package com.duzhuan.pojo;

/**
 * @Autord: HuangDekai
 * @Date: 2020/9/16 14:42
 * @Version: 1.0
 * @since: jdk11
 */
public class Teacher {
    private int id;
    private String name;

    public Teacher() {
    }

    public Teacher(int id, String name) {
        this.id = id;
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Teacher{" +
                "id=" + id +
                ", name='" + name + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

2.3 MyBatis配置檔案

db.properties:

driver = com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
url = jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mybatis?useSSL=true&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF8&serverTimezone=UTC
username = root
password = qq123456

mybatis-config.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration
        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
        "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>

    <properties resource="db.properties"></properties>

    <settings>
        <setting name="logImpl" value="SLF4J"/>
    </settings>
    
    <typeAliases>
        <package name="com.duzhuan.pojo"/>
    </typeAliases>
    

    <environments default="development">
        <environment id="development">
            <transactionManager type="JDBC"/>
            <dataSource type="POOLED">
                <property name="driver" value="${driver}"/>
                <property name="url" value="${url}"/>
                <property name="username" value="${username}"/>
                <property name="password" value="${password}"/>
            </dataSource>
        </environment>
    </environments>

    <mappers>
        <mapper class="com.duzhuan.dao.TeacherMapper"></mapper>
        <mapper class="com.duzhuan.dao.StudentMapper"></mapper>
    </mappers>
</configuration>

注意:

  • 此處使用了日誌,不使用日誌刪除,或修改為相應日誌,我這裡的配置具體可看Mybatis入門-03-日誌工廠

    <settings>
        <setting name="logImpl" value="SLF4J"/>
    </settings>
    
  • 此處命名了別名,可以看出是使用了pojo包裡的所有實體類的名稱作為別名。按照規定別名應為全小寫,但是由於mybatis不區分大小寫,之後再Mapper.xml中一般寫時候都是完全使用實體類的類名,如 Student:

    <typeAliases>
        <package name="com.duzhuan.pojo"/>
    </typeAliases>
    
  • 此處為寫Mapper之後新增:

        <mappers>
            <mapper class="com.duzhuan.dao.TeacherMapper"></mapper>
            <mapper class="com.duzhuan.dao.StudentMapper"></mapper>
        </mappers>
    

2.4 工具類

在一整個程式裡,只需要有一個sqlSessionFactory。

MybatisUtils.java:

package com.duzhuan.utils;

import org.apache.ibatis.io.Resources;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactory;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactoryBuilder;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;

/**
 * @Autord: HuangDekai
 * @Date: 2020/9/16 12:32
 * @Version: 1.0
 * @since: jdk11
 */
public class MybatisUtils {

   private static SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory;

   static {
       try {
           String configuration = "mybatis-config.xml";
           InputStream inputStream = Resources.getResourceAsStream(configuration);
           sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(inputStream);
       } catch (IOException e) {
           e.printStackTrace();
       }
   }

    public static SqlSession getSqlSession(){
       return sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
    }

}

三、Mapper

其中TeacherMapperTeacherMapper.xml並未用到,只是出於慣例隨便寫的。

TeacherMapper:

package com.duzhuan.dao;

import com.duzhuan.pojo.Teacher;

/**
 * @Autord: HuangDekai
 * @Date: 2020/9/16 14:56
 * @Version: 1.0
 * @since: jdk11
 */
public interface TeacherMapper {
    Teacher getTeacherById(int id);
}

TeacherMapper.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
        "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">

<mapper namespace="com.duzhuan.dao.TeacherMapper">

    <resultMap id="StudentMap" type="Student">

    </resultMap>

    <select id="getTeacherById" resultType="Teacher">
        select * from mybatis.teacher where id = #{id}
    </select>
</mapper>

StudentMapper:

package com.duzhuan.dao;

import com.duzhuan.pojo.Student;

import java.util.List;

/**
 * @Autord: HuangDekai
 * @Date: 2020/9/16 14:55
 * @Version: 1.0
 * @since: jdk11
 */
public interface StudentMapper {
    List<Student> getStudentList();
}

StudentMapper.xml(關鍵):

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
        "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.duzhuan.dao.StudentMapper">

    <select id="getStudentList" resultMap="StudentTeacher">
        select s.id id,s.name sname,t.id tid,t.name tname
        from mybatis.student s, mybatis.teacher t
        where s.tid = t.id
    </select>

    <resultMap id="StudentTeacher" type="Student">
        <result property="id" column="id"/>
        <result property="name" column="sname"/>
        <association property="teacher" javaType="Teacher">
            <result property="id" column="tid"/>
            <result property="name" column="tname"/>
        </association>
    </resultMap>

</mapper>

  • 由於Student與Teacher都有id,且欄位名都為id,因此不得不使用別名。

        select s.id id,s.name sname,t.id tid,t.name tname
        from mybatis.student s, mybatis.teacher t
        where s.tid = t.id
    

    這也方便MyBatis對映

  • <resultMap id="StudentTeacher" type="Student"> 顯然,Student就是使用了之前在mybatis-config.xml中設定好的別名,而不是使用全限定名

  • 在這裡,property的屬性是實體類中對應的屬性名column對應的是SQL查詢語句查詢的欄位名(應該是資料庫中的欄位名,由於有重名,因此使用了查詢語句中設好的別名,Mybatis會自動對映)由於type的值是Student,即可以視為返回一個(多個)Student物件。

        <result property="id" column="id"/>
        <result property="name" column="sname"/>
    
  • 這裡由於返回的不是一個屬性,而是一個物件,因此使用association,依舊得,在<association>property的值依舊是對應的的名稱,javaType表示返回一個Teacher的例項(物件),裡面的小標籤是Teacher這個實體類裡面的屬性(顯然,如果Teacher裡面聚合有物件的話,需要再在<association>裡面巢狀一個<association>):

        <association property="teacher" javaType="Teacher">
            <result property="id" column="tid"/>
            <result property="name" column="tname"/>
        </association>
    

四、測試類

其中TeacherMapperTest為空。

StudentMapperTest:

package com.duzhuan.dao;

import com.duzhuan.pojo.Student;
import com.duzhuan.utils.MybatisUtils;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession;
import org.junit.Test;

import java.util.List;

/**
 * @Autord: HuangDekai
 * @Date: 2020/9/16 23:14
 * @Version: 1.0
 * @since: jdk11
 */
public class StudentMapperTest {
    @Test
    public void getStudentListTest(){
        SqlSession sqlSession = MybatisUtils.getSqlSession();

        StudentMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(StudentMapper.class);
        List<Student> studentList = mapper.getStudentList();
        for (Student student : studentList) {
            System.out.println(student);
        }

        sqlSession.close();
    }
}

五、結果