python自動化測試三部曲之request+django實現介面測試

阿新 • • 發佈：2020-10-09

國慶期間準備寫三篇部落格，介紹和總結下介面測試，由於國慶期間帶娃，沒有按照計劃完成，今天才完成第二篇，慚愧慚愧。

這裡我第一篇部落格的地址：https://www.jb51.net/article/197004.htm，主要是介紹unittest框架，有興趣的同學們可以移步去查閱

這裡廢話少說，進入正題

我的思路是這樣的

1、先用django實現登陸、增加、刪除、檢視4個介面

2、在excel定義好測試案例、然後讀取excel中的案例，然後把案例用unittest框架組裝和封裝

3、啟動django，執行測試案例

一、先跑通unittest到django的流程

1、先建立一個Django的專案

python自動化測試三部曲之request+django實現介面測試

2、建立路由，這裡我們使用二級路由

a、先複製工程目錄下的urls.py檔案到app目錄下

python自動化測試三部曲之request+django實現介面測試

b、修改工程目錄下的urls.py檔案，定義一級路由

python自動化測試三部曲之request+django實現介面測試

c、修改app目錄下的urls.py檔案，設定二級路由，這裡切記務必要刪除預設的admin這條路由

python自動化測試三部曲之request+django實現介面測試

d、定義這條路由指向的檢視的函式

python自動化測試三部曲之request+django實現介面測試

e、啟動django，這裡我們使用9090埠啟動，因為我們的Jenkins埠用的是8080

E:\python\unittestForDjango>python manage.py runserver 9090

f、這裡的是啟動成功的樣式，我圈住的告警可以忽略，因為這裡Django的admin需要的，我們這裡不會用到django的admin

python自動化測試三部曲之request+django實現介面測試

g、開啟瀏覽器訪問django，我們的一個簡單的Django專案已經跑通

python自動化測試三部曲之request+django實現介面測試

3、在檢視函式中定義一個方法，這個方法分別處理GET請求和POST請求

a、定義檢視函式

這裡通過這個引數告訴瀏覽器，我們返回的是JSON資料

return HttpResponse(result,content_type="application/json;charset=utf-8")

def test_login(request):
  method = request.method.upper()
  if method == "GET":
    result = {}
    name = request.GET.get("username",None)
    pwd = request.GET.get("pwd",None)
    result["name"] = name
    result["pwd"] = pwd
    result = json.dumps(result)
    # return HttpResponse(result)
    return HttpResponse(result,content_type="application/json;charset=utf-8")

  else:
    result = {}
    name = request.POST.get("username",None)
    pwd = request.POST.get("pwd",None)
    result["name"] = name
    result["pwd"] = pwd
    result = json.dumps(result)
    return HttpResponse(result,content_type="application/json;charset=utf-8")

b、使用request模組發起POST和GET請求

#Auther Bob
#--*--conding:utf-8 --*--
import requests
import json


class TestCase(object):
  def __init__(self,username,pwd,url):
    self.username = username
    self.pwd = pwd
    self.url = url


  def get(self):
    # 傳送get請求
    url = self.url + "?username=" + str(self.username) + "&" + "pwd=" + str(self.pwd)
    res = requests.get(url=url)
    print(res.text,type(res.text))

  def post(self):
    # 傳送post請求
    data = {
      "username" : self.username,"pwd" : self.pwd
    }
    res = requests.post(url=self.url,data=data)
    print(res.text)


if __name__ == '__main__':
  url = "http://127.0.0.1:9090/web/login/"
  username = "zhangsan"
  pwd = "123"

  t = TestCase(username,url)

  t.get()
  t.post()

c、這裡我們引入unittest框架，測試案例可以這麼寫

import unittest
from test3 import test_request
class TestDjango(unittest.TestCase):
 

  def setUp(self):
    print("unittest框架的前置條件")

  def tearDown(self):
    print("unittest框架的後置條件")

  def test_01(self):
    url = "http://127.0.0.1:9090/web/login/"
    username = "zhangsan"
    pwd = "123"
    t = test_request.TestCase(url=url,username=username,pwd=pwd)
  def test_02(self):
    url = "http://127.0.0.1:9090/web/login/"
    username = "zhangsan"
    pwd = "123"
    t = test_request.TestCase(url=url,pwd=pwd)
    t.post()


if __name__ == '__main__':
  unittest.main(verbosity=2)

d、這裡有重複程式碼，我們可以利用unittest框架中的classmethod來解決，因為例項化一個測試類可以放在前置條件中

import unittest
from test3 import test_request
class TestDjango(unittest.TestCase):
  @classmethod
  def setUpClass(cls):
    url = "http://127.0.0.1:9090/web/login/"
    username = "zhangsan"
    pwd = "123"
    # 這裡的t雖然是類變數，但是python的中的例項是可以用引用類變數的
    cls.t = test_request.TestCase(url=url,pwd=pwd)

  def setUp(self):
    print("unittest框架的前置條件")

  def tearDown(self):
    print("unittest框架的後置條件")

  def test_01(self):
    self.t.get()
  def test_02(self):
    self.t.post()

if __name__ == '__main__':
  unittest.main(verbosity=2)

e、在testcase中加入斷言

import unittest
from test3 import test_request
class TestDjango(unittest.TestCase):
  @classmethod
  def setUpClass(cls):
    url = "http://127.0.0.1:9090/web/login/"
    username = "zhangsan"
    pwd = "123"
    # 這裡的t雖然是類變數，但是python的中的例項是可以用引用類變數的
    cls.t = test_request.TestCase(url=url,pwd=pwd)

  def setUp(self):
    print("unittest框架的前置條件")

  def tearDown(self):
    print("unittest框架的後置條件")

  def test_01(self):
    res = self.t.get()
    self.assertEqual(200,res.status_code)
  def test_02(self):
    res = self.t.post()
    self.assertEqual(200,res.status_code)

if __name__ == '__main__':
  unittest.main(verbosity=2)

f、引入testsuite

import unittest
from unittest import TestLoader

from test3 import test_unittest


if __name__ == '__main__':
  suite = unittest.TestSuite()
  loader = TestLoader()
  test_cases1 = unittest.TestLoader().loadTestsFromModule(test_unittest)
  # 引數是一個模組，會把這個模組裡的所有case載入進來
  suite.addTests(test_cases1)
  runner = unittest.TextTestRunner(verbosity=2)
  runner.run(suite)

二、在django中設計介面

這裡我們寫一個簡單的例子，設計一個使用者表，設計4個介面

介面1：登陸

介面2：增加使用者，需要使用者登陸

介面3：刪除使用者，需要使用者登陸

介面4：查詢使用者，不需要使用者登陸

1、先看登陸介面

a、登入介面對應的url

下面是一級路由

url(r'^web/',include('unittesstApp1.urls'))

下面是二級路由

url(r'^login/',views.test_login),

b、登入介面的檢視函式

def test_login(request):
  method = request.method.upper()
  if method == "GET":
    returndict = {"code": 200,"error": None}
    username = request.GET.get("username",None)
    password = request.GET.get("password",None)
    if username == "admin" and password == "admin123.":
      request.session["username"] = username
      request.session["password"] = password
      result = json.dumps(returndict)
    else:
      returndict["code"] = 201
      returndict["error"] = "使用者名稱或者密碼錯誤"
      result = json.dumps(returndict)
    return HttpResponse(result,content_type="application/json;charset=utf-8")

這裡我們用到了session來代替cookies

2、增加使用者介面

a、增加使用者對應的url

一級路由同登陸介面，下面是二級路由

url(r'^add/',views.test_add),

b、增加使用者介面對應的檢視函式，這裡我們做了各種異常處理，且判斷了使用者是否登陸，也就是通過是否攜帶cookies來判斷

def test_add(request):
  method = request.method.upper()
  if method == "POST":
    returndict = {"code": 200,"error": None}
    username = request.session.get("username",None)
    password = request.session.get("password",None)

    if username == "admin" and password == "admin123.":
      newusername = request.POST.get("username",None)
      age = request.POST.get("age",None)
      sex = request.POST.get("sex",None)
      pwd = request.POST.get("pwd",None)
      userinfo = [newusername,age,sex,pwd]
      print(userinfo)
      if not "None" in userinfo and all(userinfo):
        if models.userInfo.objects.filter(username = userinfo[0]).exists():
          returndict["error"] = "{username} is exists,please add a new username".format(username = username)
          returndict["code"] = 201
          result = json.dumps(returndict)
          return HttpResponse(result,content_type="application/json;charset=utf-8")
        else:
          models.userInfo.objects.create(
            username = newusername,age = age,sex = sex,pwd = pwd
          )
          if models.userInfo.objects.filter(username=userinfo[0]).exists():
            result = json.dumps(returndict)
            return HttpResponse(result,content_type="application/json;charset=utf-8")
          else:
            returndict["error"] = "{username} is error,please retry add".format(username=username)
            returndict["code"] = 201
            result = json.dumps(returndict)
            return HttpResponse(result,content_type="application/json;charset=utf-8")
      else:
        returndict["error"] = "must input username,pwd"
        returndict["code"] = 201
        result = json.dumps(returndict)
        return HttpResponse(result,content_type="application/json;charset=utf-8")
    else:
      returndict = {"code": 201,"error": "使用者名稱或者密碼錯誤"}
      result = json.dumps(returndict)
      return HttpResponse(result,content_type="application/json;charset=utf-8")

3、刪除介面

a、刪除使用者對應的url

一級路由同登陸介面，這裡只看二級路由

 url(r'^del/',views.del_user),

b、刪除介面對應的檢視函式，這裡我做了各種異常處理，也做了使用者是否登陸的檢測，也是通過檢測cookies來實現

def del_user(request):
  method = request.method.upper()
  if method == "POST":
    returndict = {"code": 200,None)
    if username == "admin" and password == "admin123.":
      delusername = request.POST.get("username",None)
      print(delusername)
      if delusername != None:
        if models.userInfo.objects.filter(username=delusername).exists():
          delid = models.userInfo.objects.get(username=delusername).id
          print(delid)
          try:
            models.userInfo.objects.get(id=delid).delete()
          except Exception as e:
            returndict = {"code": 201,"error": e}
            result = json.dumps(returndict)
            return HttpResponse(result,content_type="application/json;charset=utf-8")
          else:
            result = json.dumps(returndict)
            return HttpResponse(result,content_type="application/json;charset=utf-8")
        else:
          returndict = {"code": 201,"error": "{username} is not exists".format(username = delusername)}
          result = json.dumps(returndict)
          return HttpResponse(result,content_type="application/json;charset=utf-8")
      else:
        returndict = {"code": 201,"error": "you must input a username"}
        result = json.dumps(returndict)
        return HttpResponse(result,content_type="application/json;charset=utf-8")

    else:
      returndict = {"code": 201,"error": "username or password is error"}
      result = json.dumps(returndict)
      return HttpResponse(result,content_type="application/json;charset=utf-8")

4、檢視介面

a、檢視介面對應的url

一級路由同登陸介面url，下面是二級路由

url(r'^scan/',views.get_user),

b、檢視介面對應的url，這裡我們不檢測使用者是否登陸，直接把查到的資料返回給客戶，如果查詢報錯，才返回錯誤的資訊

def get_user(request):
  method = request.method.upper()
  returndict = {"code": 200,"userinfo": None}
  if method == "GET":
    try:
      alluser = models.userInfo.objects.all().values_list("username")
      alluserlist = []
      for i in alluser:
        alluserlist.append(i)
        
      returndict["userinfo"] = alluserlist

    except Exception as e:
      returndict["code"] = "201"
      returndict["error"] = e
    finally:
      result = json.dumps(returndict)
      return HttpResponse(result,content_type="application/json;charset=utf-8")

5、設計刪除資料庫中所有的介面，用來做後置條件

def del_alluser(request):
  method = request.method.upper()
  if method == "POST":
    returndict = {"code": 200,None)
    if username == "admin" and password == "admin123.":
      if models.userInfo.objects.all().count() > 0:
        models.userInfo.objects.all().delete()
      result = json.dumps(returndict)
      return HttpResponse(result,content_type="application/json;charset=utf-8")

三、案例準備

1、在excel中寫好介面測試案例

python自動化測試三部曲之request+django實現介面測試

2、定義常量，也就是每列對應的值

class TestConfig(object):
  def __init__(self):
    self.name = 0
    self.url = 1
    self.method = 2
    self.cookies = 3
    self.data = 4
    self.res = 5
    self.exec = 6

  def getname(self):
    return self.name

  def geturl(self):
    return self.url

  def getmethod(self):
    return self.method

  def getcookies(self):
    return self.cookies

  def getdata(self):
    return self.data

  def getres(self):
    return self.res

  def getexec(self):
    return self.exec

3、定義讀取excel的類，因為我要從excel中讀取案例

import xlrd
import os

class testexcel(object):
  casepath = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))),"case","testcase.xlsx")

  def __init__(self):
    self.casepath = testexcel.casepath
    self.execlobj = xlrd.open_workbook(self.casepath)
    self.sheetobj = self.execlobj.sheet_by_index(0)


  def get_excel_data(self,row,col):
    max_row = self.get_excel_max_row()
    max_col = self.get_excel_max_col()
    if row > max_row -1 or col > max_col - 1:
      return False
    else:
      data = self.sheetobj.cell_value(row,col)
      return data


  def get_excel_max_row(self):
    r_num = self.sheetobj.nrows
    return r_num


  def get_excel_max_col(self):
    c_num = self.sheetobj.ncols
    return c_num

4、定義我們的介面函式

import requests
import json


class TestLogin(object):
  def __init__(self,url):
    self.username = username
    self.pwd = pwd
    self.url = url

  def get(self):
    # 傳送get請求
    url = self.url + "?username=" + str(self.username) + "&" + "password=" + str(self.pwd)
    res = requests.get(url=url,headers={
           "user-agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML,like Gecko) Chrome/57.0.2987.133 Safari/537.36"
         })
    # print(json.loads(res.text))
    return res

  def post(self):
    # 傳送post請求
    data = {
      "username" : self.username,data=data,headers={
                "user-agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML,like Gecko) Chrome/57.0.2987.133 Safari/537.36"
              },)
    # print(res.text)
    return res


class TestAdd(object):
  def __init__(self,cookies,url):
    self.username = username
    self.age = age
    self.sex = sex
    self.pwd = pwd
    self.url = url
    self.cookies = cookies
  def post(self):
    # 傳送post請求
    data = {
      "username" : self.username,"pwd" : self.pwd,"age" : self.age,"sex" : self.sex
    }
    res = requests.post(url=self.url,cookies=self.cookies,)
    # print(res.text)
    return res


class Testdel(object):
  def __init__(self,url):
    self.username = username
    self.cookies = cookies
    self.url = url

  def post(self):
    # 傳送post請求
    data = {
      "username": self.username,}
    res = requests.post(url=self.url,)
    # print(res.text)
    return res


class Testscan(object):
  def __init__(self,url):
    self.url = url
  def get(self):
    res = requests.get(url=self.url,cookies=None,)
    return res

5、定義測試案例

import unittest
from test3 import test_request
import json
from util import test_json
from util import test_excel
from case import testconfig
import requests

class TestDjango(unittest.TestCase):
  @classmethod
  def setUpClass(cls):
    cls.alldata = test_json.testjson()

  @classmethod
  def tearDownClass(cls):
    url = "http://127.0.0.1:9090/web/login/" + "?username=" + "admin" + "&" + "password=" + "admin123."
    res = requests.get(url=url,like Gecko) Chrome/57.0.2987.133 Safari/537.36"
         })
    url = "http://127.0.0.1:9090/web/delall/"
    requests.post(url=url,headers={
             "user-agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML,like Gecko) Chrome/57.0.2987.133 Safari/537.36"
           },cookies = res.cookies
           )


  def get_cookies(self):
    url = "http://127.0.0.1:9090/web/login/" + "?username=" + "admin" + "&" + "password=" + "admin123."
    res = requests.get(url=url,like Gecko) Chrome/57.0.2987.133 Safari/537.36"
         })
    # print(json.loads(res.text))
    return res.cookies

  @unittest.skip('noexec')
  def test_login_ok(self):
    row = 1
    configobj = testconfig.TestConfig()
    excelobj = test_excel.testexcel()
    execstatus = excelobj.get_excel_data(row,configobj.getexec())
    if execstatus == "YES":
      cookiesstatus = excelobj.get_excel_data(row,configobj.getcookies())
      if cookiesstatus == "YES":
        cookies = self.get_cookies()
      else:
        cookies = None
      data = excelobj.get_excel_data(row,configobj.getdata())
      data = json.loads(data)
      url = excelobj.get_excel_data(row,configobj.geturl())
      res = excelobj.get_excel_data(row,configobj.getres())
      method = excelobj.get_excel_data(row,configobj.getmethod())
      if method == "GET":
        testobj = test_request.TestLogin(data["username"],data["pwd"],url)
        resobj = testobj.get()
        self.assertEqual(int(res),json.loads(resobj.text)["code"])

  @unittest.skip('noexec')
  def test_login_pwd_error(self):
    row = 2
    configobj = testconfig.TestConfig()
    excelobj = test_excel.testexcel()
    execstatus = excelobj.get_excel_data(row,json.loads(resobj.text)["code"])

  @unittest.skip('noexec')
  def test_login_user_error(self):
    row = 3
    configobj = testconfig.TestConfig()
    excelobj = test_excel.testexcel()
    execstatus = excelobj.get_excel_data(row,json.loads(resobj.text)["code"])

  @unittest.skip('noexec')
  def test_user_pwd_error(self):
    row = 4
    configobj = testconfig.TestConfig()
    excelobj = test_excel.testexcel()
    execstatus = excelobj.get_excel_data(row,json.loads(resobj.text)["code"])

  @unittest.skip('noexec')
  def test_insert_ok(self):
    row = 5
    configobj = testconfig.TestConfig()
    excelobj = test_excel.testexcel()
    execstatus = excelobj.get_excel_data(row,configobj.getmethod())
      if method == "POST":
        testobj = test_request.TestAdd(data["username"],data["age"],data["sex"],url)
        resobj = testobj.post()
        print(json.loads(resobj.text))
        self.assertEqual(int(res),json.loads(resobj.text)["code"])

  @unittest.skip('noexec')
  def test_insert_nologin(self):
    row = 6
    configobj = testconfig.TestConfig()
    excelobj = test_excel.testexcel()
    execstatus = excelobj.get_excel_data(row,json.loads(resobj.text)["code"])

  @unittest.skip("noexec")
  def test_insert_user_error(self):
    row = 7
    configobj = testconfig.TestConfig()
    excelobj = test_excel.testexcel()
    execstatus = excelobj.get_excel_data(row,configobj.getmethod())
      if method == "POST":
        testobj = test_request.TestAdd(data.get("username",None),data.get("age",data.get("sex",data.get("pwd",json.loads(resobj.text)["code"])

  @unittest.skip('no exec')
  def test_insert_pwd_error(self):
    row = 8
    configobj = testconfig.TestConfig()
    excelobj = test_excel.testexcel()
    execstatus = excelobj.get_excel_data(row,json.loads(resobj.text)["code"])

  @unittest.skip("no exec")
  def test_insert_sex_error(self):
    row = 9
    configobj = testconfig.TestConfig()
    excelobj = test_excel.testexcel()
    execstatus = excelobj.get_excel_data(row,configobj.getdata())
      print(data)
      data = json.loads(data)
      print(data)
      url = excelobj.get_excel_data(row,json.loads(resobj.text)["code"])

  @unittest.skip('no exec')
  def test_insert_age_error(self):
    row = 10
    configobj = testconfig.TestConfig()
    excelobj = test_excel.testexcel()
    execstatus = excelobj.get_excel_data(row,url)
        resobj = testobj.post()
        print(resobj.text)
        print(json.loads(resobj.text))
        self.assertEqual(int(res),json.loads(resobj.text)["code"])

  @unittest.skip('no exec')
  def test_insert_user_exist(self):
    row = 11
    configobj = testconfig.TestConfig()
    excelobj = test_excel.testexcel()
    execstatus = excelobj.get_excel_data(row,json.loads(resobj.text)["code"])

  def test_get_user(self):
    row = 12
    configobj = testconfig.TestConfig()
    excelobj = test_excel.testexcel()
    execstatus = excelobj.get_excel_data(row,configobj.getcookies())
      if cookiesstatus == "YES":
        cookies = self.get_cookies()
      else:
        cookies = None

      url = excelobj.get_excel_data(row,configobj.getmethod())
      if method == "POST":
        testobj = test_request.Testscan(url)
        resobj = testobj.get()
        # print(resobj.text
        print(json.loads(resobj.text))
        self.assertEqual(int(res),json.loads(resobj.text)["code"])

  @unittest.skip('no exec')
  def test_del_user(self):
    row = 13
    configobj = testconfig.TestConfig()
    excelobj = test_excel.testexcel()
    execstatus = excelobj.get_excel_data(row,configobj.getmethod())
      if method == "POST":
        testobj = test_request.Testdel(data.get("username",json.loads(resobj.text)["code"])


  def test_del_noexistuser(self):
    row = 14
    configobj = testconfig.TestConfig()
    excelobj = test_excel.testexcel()
    execstatus = excelobj.get_excel_data(row,json.loads(resobj.text)["code"])

6、引入unittest的suit，組織案例

import unittest
from unittest import TestLoader

from test3 import test_unittest


if __name__ == '__main__':
  suite = unittest.TestSuite()
  loader = TestLoader()
  test_cases1 = unittest.TestLoader().loadTestsFromModule(test_unittest)
  # 引數是一個模組，會把這個模組裡的所有case載入進來
  suite.addTests(test_cases1)
  runner = unittest.TextTestRunner(verbosity=2)
  runner.run(suite)

四、執行案例

1、啟動django

E:\python\unittestForDjango>python manage.py runserver 9090
Performing system checks...

System check identified no issues (0 silenced).
October 19,2019 - 22:46:42
Django version 1.11.7,using settings 'unittestForDjango.settings'
Starting development server at http://127.0.0.1:9090/
Quit the server with CTRL-BREAK

2、執行測試套件

test_del_noexistuser (test3.test_unittest.TestDjango) ... {"username":"test1"}
{'username': 'test1'}
ok
test_del_user (test3.test_unittest.TestDjango) ... skipped 'no exec'
test_get_user (test3.test_unittest.TestDjango) ... {"code": 201,"error": "test1 is not exists"}
{'code': 201,'error': 'test1 is not exists'}
{'code': 200,'userinfo': []}
ok
test_insert_age_error (test3.test_unittest.TestDjango) ... skipped 'no exec'
test_insert_nologin (test3.test_unittest.TestDjango) ... skipped 'noexec'
test_insert_ok (test3.test_unittest.TestDjango) ... skipped 'noexec'
test_insert_pwd_error (test3.test_unittest.TestDjango) ... skipped 'no exec'
test_insert_sex_error (test3.test_unittest.TestDjango) ... skipped 'no exec'
test_insert_user_error (test3.test_unittest.TestDjango) ... skipped 'noexec'
test_insert_user_exist (test3.test_unittest.TestDjango) ... skipped 'no exec'
test_login_ok (test3.test_unittest.TestDjango) ... skipped 'noexec'
test_login_pwd_error (test3.test_unittest.TestDjango) ... skipped 'noexec'
test_login_user_error (test3.test_unittest.TestDjango) ... skipped 'noexec'
test_user_pwd_error (test3.test_unittest.TestDjango) ... skipped 'noexec'

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ran 14 tests in 1.466s

OK (skipped=12)

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