配置交換機VTP協議
阿新 • • 發佈：2020-10-09
首先我們來認識一下什麼是VTP
VLAN可以使用Trunk技術跨交換機實現，也就是將交換機A與B之間的鏈路配置成Trunk，這樣，連線在交換機A與交換機B上的相同VLAN號的主機就可以通訊。
在一臺或幾臺交換機上配置VLAN的工作量不是很大，但是，在企業網環境中通常由許多的相互連線的交換機組成，因此，要對數量很多的交換機配置VLAN和管理就很複雜了。為了解決這一問題，Cisco開發了管理VLAN的協議——VLAN Trunk Protocol
VTP協議用來確保配置的一致性，他具有以下優點：
保持VLAN配置的一致性
提供從一個交換機在整個管理域中增加虛擬區域網的方法
VTP協議是Cisco 
相關命令參考：
SA sA>enable
sA#config terminal
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
sA(config)#interface f0/0
sA(config-if)#switchport mode trunk //啟用trunk鏈路
*Mar 1 00:15:52.435: %DTP-5-TRUNKPORTON: Port Fa0/0 has become dot1q trunk
sA(config-if)#end
*Mar 1 00:17:08.131: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
sA#vlan database //進入VLAN資料庫
sA(vlan)#vlan 2 name vlan2 //建立vlan
VLAN 2 added:
Name: vlan2
sA(vlan)#vlan 3 name vlan3
VLAN 3 added:
Name: vlan3
sA(config)#vtp domain benet //配置VTP域名
Changing VTP domain name from NULL to benet
sA(config)#vtp mode server //配置交換機的VTP模式
*Mar 1 00:06:14.167: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
Device mode already VTP SERVER.
sA(config)#vtp password cisco //配置VTP口令
Setting device VLAN database password to cisco.
sA(config)#vtp pruning //配置VTP修剪
Pruning switched ON
sA(vlan)#vtp version 2 //預設情況下使用版本1，如果使用版本2需要使用如下命令
V2 mode enabled.
sA(config)#interface vlan 1 //進入VLAN 1
sA(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0 //配置管理IP 地址
sA(config-if)#no shutdown
sA(config-if)#exit
sA(config)#exit
*Mar 1 00:09:22.967: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
sA#show vtp status//檢視VTP配置資訊
VTP Version : 2 //顯示裝置支援扳本2
Configuration Revision : 2 //目前的配置修改編號
Maximum VLANs supported locally : 256 //支援的最大的VLAN數是256個
Number of existing VLANs : 5//已經存在的VLAN 數
VTP Operating Mode : Server//VTP模式為伺服器模式
VTP Domain Name : benet //VTP域名
VTP Pruning Mode : Enabled//VTP修剪已經啟用
VTP V2 Mode : Enabled //啟用了VTP版本2
VTP Traps Generation : Disabled
MD5 digest : 0x5C 0xFD 0x08 0x82 0x3E 0x7C 0xAE 0x1B //MD5值
Configuration last modified by 0.0.0.0 at 3-1-02 00:08:13 //VTP更新者的IP及時間
Local updater ID is 192.168.1.1 on interface Vl1 (lowest numbered VLAN interface found) SB
sB>enable
sB#config terminal
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
sB(config)#interface f0/0
sB(config-if)#switchport mode trunk
*Mar 1 00:18:52.435: %DTP-5-TRUNKPORTON: Port Fa0/0 has become dot1q trunk
sB(config-if)exit
sB(config)#interface f0/1
sB(config-if)#switchport mode trunk
*Mar 1 00:19:21.435: %DTP-5-TRUNKPORTON: Port Fa0/1 has become dot1q trunk
sB(config-if)#end
*Mar 1 00:20:08.131: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
sB#vlan database
sB(vlan)#vlan 4 name vlan4
VLAN 2 added:
Name: vlan4
sB(vlan)#vlan 5 name vlan5
VLAN 3 added:
Name: vlan5
sB(config)#vtp domain benet
Changing VTP domain name from NULL to benet
sB(config)#vtp mode transparent
*Mar 1 00:06:14.167: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
Device mode already VTP transparent.
sB(config)#vtp password cisco
Setting device VLAN database password to cisco.
sB(config)#vtp pruning
Pruning switched ON
sB(vlan)#vtp version 2
V2 mode enabled.
sB(config-if)#exit
sB(config)#exit
sB#show vtp status
VTP Version : 2
Configuration Revision : 0
Maximum VLANs supported locally : 256
Number of existing VLANs : 5
VTP Operating Mode : Transparent
VTP Domain Name : benet
VTP Pruning Mode : Enabled
VTP V2 Mode: Enabled
VTP Traps Generation : Disabled
MD5 digest : 0xAE 0x60 0xEF 0xB9 0x4E 0x18 0x4F 0x15
Configuration last modified by 0.0.0.0 at 3-1-02 00:34:29
SC sC>enable
sC#config terminal
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
sC(config)#interface f0/1
sC(config-if)#switchport mode trunk
*Mar 1 00:35:02.435: %DTP-5-TRUNKPORTON: Port Fa0/1 has become dot1q trunk
sC(config-if)#end
*Mar 1 00:17:08.131: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
sC(config)#vtp domain benet
Changing VTP domain name from NULL to benet
sC(config)#vtp mode client
*Mar 1 00:06:14.167: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
Device mode already VTP client.
sC(config)#vtp password cisco
Setting device VLAN database password to cisco.
sC(config)#vtp pruning
Pruning switched ON
sC(vlan)#vtp version 2
V2 mode enabled.
sC(config-if)#end
*Mar 1 00:09:22.967: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
sC#show vtp status
VTP Version : 2
Configuration Revision : 3
Maximum VLANs supported locally : 256
Number of existing VLANs : 7
VTP Operating Mode : Client
VTP Domain Name : benet
VTP Pruning Mode : Enabled
VTP V2 Mode : Enabled
VTP Traps Generation : Disabled
MD5 digest : 0x05 0x7F 0xB9 0xE6 0x48 0xD1 0xD6 0x6B
Configuration last modified by 192.168.1.1 at 3-1-02 00:19:46 交換機A 檢視VLAN資訊，看是否學習到了交換B的VLAN資訊 交換機B上配置透明模式，驗證是否能學到交換機A的VLAN 資訊，同時在本地建立VLAN4和VLAN5， 交換機C檢視本地學習到的是哪個交換機發出的VLAN資訊
相關命令參考：
SA sA>enable
sA#config terminal
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
sA(config)#interface f0/0
sA(config-if)#switchport mode trunk //啟用trunk鏈路
*Mar 1 00:15:52.435: %DTP-5-TRUNKPORTON: Port Fa0/0 has become dot1q trunk
sA(config-if)#end
*Mar 1 00:17:08.131: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
sA#vlan database //進入VLAN資料庫
sA(vlan)#vlan 2 name vlan2 //建立vlan
VLAN 2 added:
Name: vlan2
sA(vlan)#vlan 3 name vlan3
VLAN 3 added:
Name: vlan3
sA(config)#vtp domain benet //配置VTP域名
Changing VTP domain name from NULL to benet
sA(config)#vtp mode server //配置交換機的VTP模式
*Mar 1 00:06:14.167: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
Device mode already VTP SERVER.
sA(config)#vtp password cisco //配置VTP口令
Setting device VLAN database password to cisco.
sA(config)#vtp pruning //配置VTP修剪
Pruning switched ON
sA(vlan)#vtp version 2 //預設情況下使用版本1，如果使用版本2需要使用如下命令
V2 mode enabled.
sA(config)#interface vlan 1 //進入VLAN 1
sA(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0 //配置管理IP 地址
sA(config-if)#no shutdown
sA(config-if)#exit
sA(config)#exit
*Mar 1 00:09:22.967: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
sA#show vtp status//檢視VTP配置資訊
VTP Version : 2 //顯示裝置支援扳本2
Configuration Revision : 2 //目前的配置修改編號
Maximum VLANs supported locally : 256 //支援的最大的VLAN數是256個
Number of existing VLANs : 5//已經存在的VLAN 數
VTP Operating Mode : Server//VTP模式為伺服器模式
VTP Domain Name : benet //VTP域名
VTP Pruning Mode : Enabled//VTP修剪已經啟用
VTP V2 Mode : Enabled //啟用了VTP版本2
VTP Traps Generation : Disabled
MD5 digest : 0x5C 0xFD 0x08 0x82 0x3E 0x7C 0xAE 0x1B //MD5值
Configuration last modified by 0.0.0.0 at 3-1-02 00:08:13 //VTP更新者的IP及時間
Local updater ID is 192.168.1.1 on interface Vl1 (lowest numbered VLAN interface found) SB
sB>enable
sB#config terminal
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
sB(config)#interface f0/0
sB(config-if)#switchport mode trunk
*Mar 1 00:18:52.435: %DTP-5-TRUNKPORTON: Port Fa0/0 has become dot1q trunk
sB(config-if)exit
sB(config)#interface f0/1
sB(config-if)#switchport mode trunk
*Mar 1 00:19:21.435: %DTP-5-TRUNKPORTON: Port Fa0/1 has become dot1q trunk
sB(config-if)#end
*Mar 1 00:20:08.131: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
sB#vlan database
sB(vlan)#vlan 4 name vlan4
VLAN 2 added:
Name: vlan4
sB(vlan)#vlan 5 name vlan5
VLAN 3 added:
Name: vlan5
sB(config)#vtp domain benet
Changing VTP domain name from NULL to benet
sB(config)#vtp mode transparent
*Mar 1 00:06:14.167: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
Device mode already VTP transparent.
sB(config)#vtp password cisco
Setting device VLAN database password to cisco.
sB(config)#vtp pruning
Pruning switched ON
sB(vlan)#vtp version 2
V2 mode enabled.
sB(config-if)#exit
sB(config)#exit
sB#show vtp status
VTP Version : 2
Configuration Revision : 0
Maximum VLANs supported locally : 256
Number of existing VLANs : 5
VTP Operating Mode : Transparent
VTP Domain Name : benet
VTP Pruning Mode : Enabled
VTP V2 Mode: Enabled
VTP Traps Generation : Disabled
MD5 digest : 0xAE 0x60 0xEF 0xB9 0x4E 0x18 0x4F 0x15
Configuration last modified by 0.0.0.0 at 3-1-02 00:34:29
SC sC>enable
sC#config terminal
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
sC(config)#interface f0/1
sC(config-if)#switchport mode trunk
*Mar 1 00:35:02.435: %DTP-5-TRUNKPORTON: Port Fa0/1 has become dot1q trunk
sC(config-if)#end
*Mar 1 00:17:08.131: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
sC(config)#vtp domain benet
Changing VTP domain name from NULL to benet
sC(config)#vtp mode client
*Mar 1 00:06:14.167: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
Device mode already VTP client.
sC(config)#vtp password cisco
Setting device VLAN database password to cisco.
sC(config)#vtp pruning
Pruning switched ON
sC(vlan)#vtp version 2
V2 mode enabled.
sC(config-if)#end
*Mar 1 00:09:22.967: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
sC#show vtp status
VTP Version : 2
Configuration Revision : 3
Maximum VLANs supported locally : 256
Number of existing VLANs : 7
VTP Operating Mode : Client
VTP Domain Name : benet
VTP Pruning Mode : Enabled
VTP V2 Mode : Enabled
VTP Traps Generation : Disabled
MD5 digest : 0x05 0x7F 0xB9 0xE6 0x48 0xD1 0xD6 0x6B
Configuration last modified by 192.168.1.1 at 3-1-02 00:19:46 交換機A 檢視VLAN資訊，看是否學習到了交換B的VLAN資訊 交換機B上配置透明模式，驗證是否能學到交換機A的VLAN 資訊，同時在本地建立VLAN4和VLAN5， 交換機C檢視本地學習到的是哪個交換機發出的VLAN資訊
轉載於:https://blog.51cto.com/gsliuyang/58966