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SpringMVC Mock測試實現原理及實現過程詳解

什麼是mock測試?

  在測試過程中,對於某些不容易構成或者不容易獲取的物件,用一個虛擬的物件來建立以便測試的測試方法,就是Mock測試。

  Servlet、Request、Response等Servlet API相關物件本來就是由Servlet容器(Tomcat)建立的。

  這個虛擬的物件就是Mock物件。

  Mock物件是真實物件在除錯期間的代替品。

為什麼使用Mock測試?

  • 避免開發模組之間的耦合
  • 輕量、簡單、靈活

MockMVC介紹

MockMvcBuilder

  他是用來構造MockMVC的構造器

  主要有兩個實現:StandaloneMockMvcBuilder和DefaultMockMvcBuilder,分別對應之前的兩種測試方式。

  我們直接使用靜態工廠MockMvcBuilders建立即可。

MockMvcBuilders

  負責建立MockMvcBuilder物件

  有兩種建立方式

    1、standaloneSetup(Object... controllers)

    2、webAppContextSetup(WebApplicationContext wac):指定WebApplicationContext,將會從該上下文獲取相應的控制器並得到相應的MockMvc

MockMvc

  對於伺服器端的Spring MVC測試支援主入口點。

  通過MockMvcBuilder構造

  MockMvcBuilder由MockMvcBuilders的靜態方法去構造。

  核心方法:perform(RequestBuilder requestBuilder)---->執行一個RequestBuilder請求,會自動執行SpringMvc的流程並對映到相應的控制器執行處理,該方法的返回值是一個ResultActions;

ResultActions

andExpect

  新增ResultMatcher驗證規則,驗證控制器執行完成後結果是否正確。

andDo

  新增ResultHandler結果處理器,比如除錯時列印結果到控制檯;

andReturn

  最後返回相應的MvcResult;然後進行自定義驗證/進行下一步的非同步處理。

MockMvcRequestBuilders

  • 用來構造請求
  • 主要由兩個子類MockHttpServletRequestBuilder和MockMultipartHttpServletRequestBuilder(如檔案上傳),即用來Mock客戶端請求需要的所有資料。

MockMvcResultMatchers

  • 用來匹配執行完請求後的結果驗證
  • 如果匹配失敗將丟擲相應的異常
  • 包含了很多驗證API方法

MockMvcResultHandlers

  • 結果處理器,表示要對結果做點什麼事情
  • 比如此處使用MockMvcResultHandlers.print()輸出整個相應結果資訊。

MvcResult

  單元測試執行結果,可以針對執行結果進行自定義驗證邏輯。

MocMvc的使用

新增依賴

    <!-- spring 單元測試元件包 -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
      <version>5.0.7.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
 
    <!-- 單元測試Junit -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>junit</groupId>
      <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
      <version>4.12</version>
    </dependency>

測試類

TestMockMVC.java

package com.cyb.ssm.controller.test;

import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;
import org.springframework.test.context.web.WebAppConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MvcResult;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.ResultActions;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultHandlers;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.setup.MockMvcBuilders;
import org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext;

//@WebAppConfiguration:可以在單元測試的時候,不用啟動Servlet容器,就可以獲取一個Web應用上下文
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(locations = "classpath:spring/*.xml")
@WebAppConfiguration
public class TestMockMVC {
  @Autowired
  private WebApplicationContext wac;
  private MockMvc mockMvc;

  @Before
  public void Setup() {
    // 初始化一個MockMVC物件的方式有兩種:單獨設定、web應用上下文設定
    // 建議使用web應用上下文設定
    mockMvc = new MockMvcBuilders().webAppContextSetup(wac).build();
  }

  @Test
  public void test() throws Exception {
    // 通過perform去執行一個Http請求
    // andExpect:通過該方法,判斷請求執行是否成功
    // andDo:對請求之後的結果,進行輸出
    MvcResult result = mockMvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/item/showEdit").param("id","1"))
        .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.view().name("item/item-edit"))
        .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.status().isOk())
        .andDo(MockMvcResultHandlers.print())
        .andReturn();
    System.out.println("===============");
    System.out.println(result.getHandler());
  }
}

執行結果如下

JRE Oracle Corporation/13.0.1 is not supported,advanced source lookup disabled.
12月 12,2019 4:48:43 下午 org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractTestContextBootstrapper getDefaultTestExecutionListenerClassNames
資訊: Loaded default TestExecutionListener class names from location [META-INF/spring.factories]: [org.springframework.test.context.web.ServletTestExecutionListener,org.springframework.test.context.support.DirtiesContextBeforeModesTestExecutionListener,org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener,org.springframework.test.context.support.DirtiesContextTestExecutionListener,org.springframework.test.context.transaction.TransactionalTestExecutionListener,org.springframework.test.context.jdbc.SqlScriptsTestExecutionListener]
12月 12,2019 4:48:43 下午 org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractTestContextBootstrapper getTestExecutionListeners
資訊: Using TestExecutionListeners: [org.springframework.test.context.web.ServletTestExecutionListener@4470f8a6,org.springframework.test.context.support.DirtiesContextBeforeModesTestExecutionListener@7c83dc97,org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener@7748410a,org.springframework.test.context.support.DirtiesContextTestExecutionListener@740773a3,org.springframework.test.context.transaction.TransactionalTestExecutionListener@37f1104d,org.springframework.test.context.jdbc.SqlScriptsTestExecutionListener@55740540]
12月 12,2019 4:48:43 下午 org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader loadBeanDefinitions
資訊: Loading XML bean definitions from file [D:\JAVA\eclipse_setup\ssm-project\target\classes\spring\applicationContext-dao.xml]
12月 12,2019 4:48:43 下午 org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader loadBeanDefinitions
資訊: Loading XML bean definitions from file [D:\JAVA\eclipse_setup\ssm-project\target\classes\spring\applicationContext-service.xml]
12月 12,2019 4:48:43 下午 org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader loadBeanDefinitions
資訊: Loading XML bean definitions from file [D:\JAVA\eclipse_setup\ssm-project\target\classes\spring\applicationContext-tx.xml]
12月 12,2019 4:48:43 下午 org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader loadBeanDefinitions
資訊: Loading XML bean definitions from file [D:\JAVA\eclipse_setup\ssm-project\target\classes\spring\springmvc.xml]
12月 12,2019 4:48:43 下午 org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext prepareRefresh
資訊: Refreshing org.springframework.web.context.support.GenericWebApplicationContext@50ad3bc1: startup date [Thu Dec 12 16:48:43 CST 2019]; root of context hierarchy
12月 12,2019 4:48:44 下午 org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.AbstractHandlerMethodMapping$MappingRegistry register
資訊: Mapped "{[/item/updateItem],produces=[application/json;charset=utf8]}" onto public com.cyb.ssm.po.Item com.cyb.ssm.controller.ItemController.updateItem(java.lang.Integer,java.lang.String,java.lang.Float,com.cyb.ssm.po.Item,org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartFile) throws java.lang.Exception
12月 12,2019 4:48:44 下午 org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.AbstractHandlerMethodMapping$MappingRegistry register
資訊: Mapped "{[/item/testRedirect],produces=[application/json;charset=utf8]}" onto public java.lang.String com.cyb.ssm.controller.ItemController.testRedirect(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest)
12月 12,2019 4:48:44 下午 org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.AbstractHandlerMethodMapping$MappingRegistry register
資訊: Mapped "{[/item/testForward],produces=[application/json;charset=utf8]}" onto public java.lang.String com.cyb.ssm.controller.ItemController.testForward(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest)
12月 12,2019 4:48:44 下午 org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.AbstractHandlerMethodMapping$MappingRegistry register
資訊: Mapped "{[/item/findItem],produces=[application/json;charset=utf8]}" onto public java.lang.String com.cyb.ssm.controller.ItemController.findItem(java.lang.Integer)
12月 12,2019 4:48:44 下午 org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.AbstractHandlerMethodMapping$MappingRegistry register
資訊: Mapped "{[/item/queryItem],produces=[application/json;charset=utf8]}" onto public org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView com.cyb.ssm.controller.ItemController.queryItem() throws com.cyb.ssm.exception.CustomException
12月 12,2019 4:48:44 下午 org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.AbstractHandlerMethodMapping$MappingRegistry register
資訊: Mapped "{[/item/queryItem2],produces=[application/json;charset=utf8]}" onto public com.cyb.ssm.po.Item com.cyb.ssm.controller.ItemController.queryItem2(com.cyb.ssm.po.ItemQueryVO)
12月 12,2019 4:48:44 下午 org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.AbstractHandlerMethodMapping$MappingRegistry register
資訊: Mapped "{[/item/deleteItem],produces=[application/json;charset=utf8]}" onto public void com.cyb.ssm.controller.ItemController.deleteItem(java.lang.String[])
12月 12,2019 4:48:44 下午 org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.AbstractHandlerMethodMapping$MappingRegistry register
資訊: Mapped "{[/item/saveItem],produces=[application/json;charset=utf8]}" onto public java.util.Date com.cyb.ssm.controller.ItemController.saveItem(java.util.Date)
12月 12,2019 4:48:44 下午 org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.AbstractHandlerMethodMapping$MappingRegistry register
資訊: Mapped "{[/item/showEdit],produces=[application/json;charset=utf8]}" onto public org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView com.cyb.ssm.controller.ItemController.showEdit(java.lang.Integer)
12月 12,2019 4:48:44 下午 org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.AbstractHandlerMethodMapping$MappingRegistry register
資訊: Mapped "{[/item/batchUpdateItem],produces=[application/json;charset=utf8]}" onto public java.util.List<com.cyb.ssm.po.Item> com.cyb.ssm.controller.ItemController.batchUpdateItem(com.cyb.ssm.po.ItemQueryVO)
12月 12,2019 4:48:44 下午 org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.AbstractHandlerMethodMapping$MappingRegistry register
資訊: Mapped "{[/queryItemByIdWithRest]}" onto public com.cyb.ssm.po.Item com.cyb.ssm.controller.RestItemController.queryItemById()
12月 12,2019 4:48:44 下午 org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter initControllerAdviceCache
資訊: Looking for @ControllerAdvice: org.springframework.web.context.support.GenericWebApplicationContext@50ad3bc1: startup date [Thu Dec 12 16:48:43 CST 2019]; root of context hierarchy
12月 12,2019 4:48:44 下午 org.springframework.mock.web.MockServletContext log
資訊: Initializing Spring FrameworkServlet ''
12月 12,2019 4:48:44 下午 org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet initServletBean
資訊: FrameworkServlet '': initialization started
12月 12,2019 4:48:44 下午 org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet initServletBean
資訊: FrameworkServlet '': initialization completed in 17 ms
com.cyb.ssm.po.Item@1ad9b8d3

MockHttpServletRequest:
HTTP Method = GET
Request URI = /item/showEdit
Parameters = {id=[1]}
Headers = {}
Body = <no character encoding set>
Session Attrs = {}

Handler:
Type = com.cyb.ssm.controller.ItemController
Method = public org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView com.cyb.ssm.controller.ItemController.showEdit(java.lang.Integer)

Async:
Async started = false
Async result = null

Resolved Exception:
Type = null

ModelAndView:
View name = item/item-edit
View = null
Attribute = item
value = com.cyb.ssm.po.Item@1ad9b8d3
errors = []

FlashMap:
Attributes = null

MockHttpServletResponse:
Status = 200
Error message = null
Headers = {Content-Language=[en]}
Content type = null
Body =
Forwarded URL = /WEB-INF/jsp/item/item-edit.jsp
Redirected URL = null
Cookies = []
===============
public org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView com.cyb.ssm.controller.ItemController.showEdit(java.lang.Integer)

以上就是本文的全部內容,希望對大家的學習有所幫助,也希望大家多多支援我們。