C++——運算子過載(上)
阿新 • • 發佈:2020-10-09
運算子過載
運算子過載概念:對已有的運算子重新進行定義,賦予其另一種功能,以適應不同的資料型別
e.g:
對於內建資料型別,編譯器知道如何進行運算
int a = 10;
int b = 10;
int c = a + b;
對於一些自定義的資料型別,編譯器不知道該如何進行運算,所有需要我們進行運算子過載
class Person { public: int m_A; int m_B; } Person p1; p1.m_A = 10; p1.m_B = 10; Person p2; p2.m_A = 10; p2.m_B = 10; //編譯器不知道該如何進行運算,所以需要我們自己進行運算子過載 Person p3 = p1 + p2;
通過自己寫的成員函式,可以實現兩個物件相加屬性後返回新的物件
Person PersonAddPerson(Person &p)
{
Person temp;
temp.m_A = this->m_A + p.m_A;
temp.m_B = this->m_B + p.m_B;
return temp;
}
對於編譯器所給的加法運算通用名稱進行過載
1.通過成員函式過載+符號
Person operator+ (Person &p) { Person temp; temp.m_A = this->m_A + p.m_A; temp.m_B = this->m_B + p.m_B; return temp; }
Person p3 = p1.operator+(p2);//實際操作
//簡化為
Person p3 = p1 + p2;
2.通過全域性函式過載+符號
Person operator+ (Person &p1,Person &p2)
{
Person temp;
temp.m_A = p1.m_A + p2.m_A;
temp.m_B = p1.m_B + p2.m_B;
return temp;
}
Person p3 = operator+(p1,p2);//實際操作
//簡化為
Person p3 = p1 + p2;
1 加號運算子過載
作用:實現兩個自定義資料型別相加的運算
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
//加號運算子過載
class Person
{
//public:
// //1.通過成員函式對加法運算子進行過載
// Person operator+(Person &p)
// {
// Person temp;
// temp.m_A = this->m_A + p.m_A;
// temp.m_B = this->m_B + p.m_B;
// return temp;
// }
public:
int m_A;
int m_B;
};
//2.通過全域性函式對加法運算子進行過載
Person operator+(Person &p1, Person &p2)
{
Person temp;
temp.m_A = p1.m_A + p2.m_A;
temp.m_B = p1.m_B + p2.m_B;
return temp;
}
//運算子過載也可以發生函式過載
Person operator+(Person &p1, int val)
{
Person temp;
temp.m_A = p1.m_A + val;
temp.m_B = p1.m_B + val;
return temp;
}
void test01()
{
Person p1;
p1.m_A = 10;
p1.m_B = 10;
Person p2;
p2.m_A = 20;
p2.m_B = 20;
Person p3 = p1 + p2;
//成員函式過載的本質呼叫
//Person p3=p1.operator+(p2);
//全域性函式過載的本質呼叫
//Person p3 = operator+(p1, p2);
cout << "p3.m_A = " << p3.m_A << endl;
cout << "p3.m_B = " << p3.m_B << endl;
//呼叫過載的函式
Person p4 = p1 + 10;//Person + int
cout << "p4.m_A = " << p4.m_A << endl;
cout << "p4.m_B = " << p4.m_B << endl;
}
int main()
{
test01();
system("pause");
return 0;
}
總結1:對於內建的資料型別的表示式的的運算子是不可能改變的
總結2:不要濫用運算子過載
2 左移運算子過載
作用:可以輸出自定義資料型別
class Person {
friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, Person& p);
public:
Person(int a, int b)
{
this->m_A = a;
this->m_B = b;
}
//成員函式 實現不了 p << cout 不是我們想要的效果
//void operator<<(Person& p){
//}
private:
int m_A;
int m_B;
};
//全域性函式實現左移過載
//ostream物件只能有一個
ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, Person& p) {
out << "a:" << p.m_A << " b:" << p.m_B;
return out;
}
void test() {
Person p1(10, 20);
cout << p1 << "hello world" << endl; //鏈式程式設計
}
int main() {
test();
system("pause");
return 0;
}
總結:過載左移運算子配合友元可以實現輸出自定義資料型別
3 遞增運算子過載
作用: 通過過載遞增運算子,實現自己的整型資料
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
//過載遞增運算子
class MyInteger
{
//友元宣告
friend ostream & operator<<(ostream &cout, MyInteger &Myint);
public:
MyInteger()
{
m_Num = 0;
}
//過載前置++運算子,返回引用型別是為了一直對一個數據進行遞增
MyInteger & operator++()
{
//先進行++操作
m_Num++;
//返回自身
return *this;
}
//過載後置++運算子,
//void operator++(int) int 是一個佔位引數,可以用來區分前置和後置
//後置遞增必須要返回值,不能返回引用,如果返回引用就等於返回一個區域性變數的引用
MyInteger operator++(int)
{
//先記錄當前的資料
MyInteger temp = *this;
//再進行++操作
this->m_Num++;
//再返回記錄的資料值
return temp;
}
private:
int m_Num;
};
//過載左移運算子
ostream & operator<<(ostream &cout, MyInteger &Myint)
{
cout << Myint.m_Num;
return cout;
}
//對前置遞增運算子進行測試
void test01()
{
MyInteger Myint;
//cout << Myint << endl;
cout << ++(++Myint) << endl;
cout << Myint << endl;
}
//對後置遞增運算子進行測試
void test02()
{
MyInteger myint;
cout << myint++ << endl;
cout << myint << endl;
}
int main()
{
test01();
test02();
system("pause");
return 0;
}
總結: 前置遞增返回引用,後置遞增返回值
自己練習遞減運算子的過載
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
//遞減運算子過載
class MyInteger
{
friend ostream & operator<<(ostream & cout, MyInteger myint);
public:
MyInteger()
{
this->m_Num = 10;
}
//過載前置左移運算子
MyInteger & operator--()
{
//先進行--操作
this->m_Num--;
//返回物件本身
return *this;
}
//過載後置左移運算子
MyInteger operator--(int)
{
//先記錄物件當前值
MyInteger temp = *this;
//進行--操作
this->m_Num--;
//再返回記錄的值
return temp;
}
private:
int m_Num;
};
//過載左移運算子
ostream & operator<<(ostream & cout, MyInteger myint)
{
cout << myint.m_Num;
return cout;
}
void test01()
{
MyInteger myint;
cout << myint << endl;
cout << --myint << endl;
cout << myint << endl;
}
void test02()
{
MyInteger myint;
cout << myint << endl;
cout << myint-- << endl;
cout << myint << endl;
}
int main()
{
//test01();
test02();
system("pause");
return 0;
}