Hi，我是Cherry。
最近反思了一下下，發現：做了1年多的IoT專案，居然連啥是2G、3G、4G，都不瞭解！於是，我從網上找了一堆的資料，看完後，發現，還是一頭霧水…
再於是，我偶然發現部分文章上都有寫到3GPP給啥啥啥定義…
又於是，瞭解了下這個組織，決定從這個組織的角度去看啥是2G、3G、4G…
最後於是，我決定翻譯下他們的某個頁面的章節(3GPP是純英文的網站)。
主題就是：從3GPP角度瞭解行動通訊發展歷程，初步瞭解：什麼是2G、3G、4G、5G。

原文出自於：https://www.3gpp.org/about-3gpp/about-3gpp

3GPP組織

3GPP的官網：www.3gpp.org

The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) unites telecommunications standard development organizations (ARIB, ATIS, CCSA, ETSI, TSDSI, TTA, TTC), known as “Organizational Partners” and provides their members with a stable environment to produce the Reports and Specifications that define 3GPP technologies.

3GPP全稱為The 3rd Generation Partnership Project，聯合了通訊標準開發組織（ARIB，ATIS，CCSA，ETSI，TSDSI，TTA，TTC），稱為“組織夥伴”，併為期成員提供穩定的環境，以生產、定義3GPP技術的報告和規範。

The project covers cellular telecommunications technologies, including radio access, core network and service capabilities, which provide a complete system description for mobile telecommunications.

3GPP專案覆蓋移動通訊技術，包含：無線接入，核心網和服務能力，為行動通訊提供完整系統描述。

The 3GPP specifications also provide hooks for non-radio access to the core network,and for interworking with non-3GPP networks.

3GPP規範也為非無線接入核心網和非3GPP的網路連線的HooKs（鉤子）。

3GPP specifications and studies are contribution-driven, by member companies, in Working Groups and at the Technical Specification Group level.

3GPP規範和研究是由成員公司、工作組織和技術規格小組等級的貢獻驅動的。

The three Technical Specification Groups (TSG) in 3GPP are;
 Radio Access Networks (RAN),
 Services & Systems Aspects (SA),
 Core Network & Terminals (CT)

3GPP共有3個技術規格小組（TSG，Technical Specification Groups）：

• 無線接入網路（RAN，Radio Accesss Networks）
• 服務和系統部分（SA，Services&Systems Aspects）
• 核心網&終端（CT，Core Network & Terminals）

移動系統概覽（Generations of Mobile Systems）

1G

Analogue technology, from the 1980s onwards.
Various technologies were deployed, Nationally or Regionally, including:
NMT (Nordic Mobile Telephone), AMPS (Advanced Mobile Phone System), TACS (Total Access Communications System), A-Netz to E-Netz, Radiocom 2000, RTMI (Radio Telefono Mobile Integrato), JTACS (Japan Total Access Communications System) and TZ-80n (Source:wikipedia)

模擬技術，從20世紀80年代開始。各種技術被開展，無論是全國性地，還是地方性的，包含：

• 北歐行動電話（NMT，Nordic Mobile Telephone）；
• 高階行動電話系統（AMPS，Advanced Mobile Phone System）
• 全向通訊系統（TACS， Total Access Communications System）
• A-Netz to E-Netz
• Radiocom 2000
• 無線電通訊、移動整合（RTMI，Radio Telefono Mobile Integrato）
• 日本許可權通訊系統（JTACS， Japan Total Access Communications System）
• TZ-80n

2G

First digital systems, deployed in the 1990s introducing voice, SMS and data services.
The Primary 2G technologies are: GSM/GPRS & EDGE, CDMAOne, PDC, iDEN, IS-136 or D-AMPS.

第1個數字系統，20世紀90年代開展部署，引入：語音，SMS和資料服務。
主要的2G技術：

• GSM/GPRS & EDGE
• CDMAOne
• PDC
• iDEN
• IS-136
• D-AMPS

3G

The 3G system from 3GPP is based on evolved Global System for Mobile communication (GSM) core networks and the radio access technologies that they support.
This has allowed for the maintenance and development of GSM, with the evolution of General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) and Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE), as well as further developments with the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) and High Speed Packet data Access (HSPA).
3G brought a global vision to the evolution of mobile networks, with the creation of the ITU’s family of IMT-2000 systems which included EDGE, CDMA2000 1X/EVDO and UMTS-HSPA+ radio access technologies.

3GPP的3G系統，是基於演進的全球行動通訊(GSM)系統核心網和其所支援的無線點接入技術。

隨著通用分組無線電業務（GPRS，General Packet Radio Service）的發展和GSM演進的增強資料速率（EDGE，Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution）,以及通用移動通訊系統（UMTS，Universal Mobile Telecommunications System）和高速分組資料訪問（High Speed Packet data Acces）的進一步發展，這需要GSM的維護和開發允許。

伴隨著ITU的IMT-2000系統系列建立（其中，包括：EDGE， CDMA20001X/EVDO， UMTS-HSPA+無線電接入技術），3G為行動網路的發展帶來了全球視野。

3G/4G

LTE and LTE-Advanced have crossed the “generational boundary” offering the next generation(s) of capabilities. With their capacity for high speed data, significant spectral efficiencies and adoption of advanced radio techniques, their emergence has been the basis for all new mobile systems from Release 8 onwards.
It should be noted that LTE-Advanced (From Release 10) is 3GPP’s ITU-R IMT-Advanced radio interface. LTE-Advanced is the first true 4G technology to be specified by 3GPP.
LTE-Advanced Pro is the name that helps the industry describe what has been achieved with the completion of Release 13. LTE Pro is set to be used by other sectors, beyond telecoms, including Critical Communications (blue light services & other Mission Critical systems), the machine-to-machine or Internet of Things (IoT) sector, Transport (Rail, ITS, etc), Education and many other areas. LTE-Advanced Pro is 3GPP’s stepping stone to 5G systems.

LTE和LTE-Advanced已經跨越了“世代界限”，提供了下一個世代的能力，提供高速資料能力，採用顯示的頻譜效率和先進的無線電技術，它的出現已經成為了基於Release 8起的所有新的移動系統的基礎。

請注意，LTE-Advanced（從Release10）是3GPP的ITU-R IMT-Advanced無線電介面。LTE-Advanced 是3GPP指定的第一個真正的4G技術。

LTE-Advanced Pro這個名字可以幫助業界描述Release13完成所取得的成就。LTE Pro被設計為可用於電信以外的其他領域，包括：

• 關鍵通訊（藍光服務&其他關鍵任務系統）
• 機對機或物聯網領域
• 傳輸（鐵路，ITS等）
• 教育
• 其他領域

LTE-Advanced Pro是3GPP定義的5G系統的跳板。

5G

5G brings another major technology step, with the creation of a ‘New Radio’ (NR).
Unlike with 4G, where 3GPP hesitated to join the generational march onwards beyond 3G, we have embraced the alignment of the industry on NR and on LTE-Advanced Pro to provide 5G – from 3GPP Release 15 onwards.

隨著“新無線電”（NR）的誕生，5G帶來了另一個重大技術進步。

不像4G，3GPP會猶豫在3G之後是否加入全球化的行軍。我們已經擁抱NR和LTE-Advanced Pro的聯盟，促進5G從3GPP Release15基礎上前行。

3GPP標準版本變更

劃重點

• 1G是模擬技術
• 2G是第1個數字系統，加入了：語音、SMS和資料服務。GSM/GPRS
• 3G是基於演進的全球行動通訊（GSM）系統核心網和其所支援的無線點接入技術，引入了全球化視野
• 3G/4G實現了全球化。LTE-Advanced（從Release 10）是第1個真正的4G技術；LTE-Advanced Pro（Release 13）是5G系統的跳板。
• 5G 以全球化的思想啟航（Release 15）