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介紹

樹莓派是什麼?

樹莓派是一個只有信用卡大小的電腦，可以連線你的電視或者鍵盤. 它是短小精幹的PC，你可以用它作一些桌面電腦做的事情, 比如電子表格, 文書處理，玩遊戲. 它還能播放高品質視訊. 我們希望全世界的小朋友都能用樹莓派來學習程式設計.

我能買樹莓派基金會的股份麼?

我們是一個慈善機構, 所以你無法買公司股份. 如果你想支援我們, 請買一個樹莓派吧.

購買及運輸

我在哪能買到?

你可以在Premier Farnell/Element 14和RS Components買到官方出售的樹莓派. 這兩個分銷商向全球出售.

我一次效能買幾個?

我們已經解除了一人一個的限制: 隨你想買多少個都行.

多少錢一個啊?

A版25美刀，B版35美刀, 還要加上地方稅和運費/手續費.

買來都有些什麼?

只有一個樹莓派板子. 電源或是SD卡之類的都沒有，你可以在Farnell或者RS一起買到，還能買到預裝好系統的SD卡.

你們是英國公司啊！為什麼價格要用美元啊?

我們購買的配件以美元計價, 生產商也以美元計價. 現在貨幣市場如此動盪, 為了避免不斷變更價格，我們最終決定也用美元計價.

會有買一捐一的活動麼?

會有的. 我們在籌劃這個活動, 當然，如果你願意，你可以買一個送人.

全球都能買到?

一開始我們就打算向全球發售. 在適當的時候我們會設個分銷網路.

最小訂購量?

一臺.

我想做樹莓派的分銷商.

我們已經與RS和Farnell簽訂了獨家分銷協議; 分銷商可以從他們那批量採購(降低運輸成本到最低)並銷售. 你不需要任何特殊許可去轉售, 他們非常樂意賣給分銷商. 遺憾的是, 由於我們的定價方式(實際上我們是慈善組織), 你將不會有批量購買的折扣 – 大部分分銷商靠賣同時賣高利潤的外設等等來賺錢.

概括

樹莓派A型和B型有什麼區別?

A型內建256M的記憶體, 1個USB口並且不帶有線網介面. B型內建512M的記憶體, 2個USB口並且帶有有線網介面.

樹莓派的尺寸What are the dimensions of the Raspberry Pi?

樹莓派長85.60mm寬56mm高21mm, 插上SD卡會超出邊緣一部分. 重量為45g.

用的什麼晶片?

採用的是博通的BCM2835. 其包含了一塊支援浮點的ARM1176JZFS CPU, 頻率為700Mhz, 和一個支援Videocore 4的GPU. GPU使用H.264硬解, 速率達到40MBits/s,能處理藍光質量的視訊播放. 還包括一個高速的3D核心, 支援OpenGL ES2.0和OpenVG.

為什麼選ARM11?

價效比高.

效能如何?

GPU支援Open GL ES 2.0, OpenVG硬體加速, 和高至1080P 30FPS的H.264硬解.

The GPU is capable of 1Gpixel/s, 1.5Gtexel/s or 24 GFLOPs of general purpose compute and features a bunch of texture filtering and DMA infrastructure.

That is, graphics capabilities are roughly equivalent to Xbox 1 level of performance. Overall real world performance is something like a 300MHz Pentium 2, only with much, much swankier graphics.

可以超頻?

Most devices will run happily at 800MHz. In the latest Raspbian distro there is an option to change the overclocking options on first boot and any time afterwards by running “raspi-config” without voiding your warranty. It should be noted that these are experimental settings and not every board will be able to run stably at the highest setting. If you experience issues, try reducing the overclocking settings until stability is restored.

可以攪碎?

Yes. We have conducted extensive virtual simulations. No Raspberry Pis were harmed in the testing.

如何啟動?

You have to boot from SD but a USB HD can “take over” after the initial boot. You cannot boot without an SD card.

開關在哪?

To switch on: just plug it in!

To switch off: remove power.

為什麼沒有實時時鐘(RTC)?

The expectation is that non-network connected units will have their clocks updated manually at startup. Adding an RTC is surprisingly expensive, once you’ve factored in batteries, area and componentry and would have pushed us above our target price. You can add one yourself using the GPIO pins if you’re after an interesting electronics project.

賣可組裝包麼?

No. It would be too expensive for us to provide kits alongside finished boards, which would mean introducing another step in manufacturing; and a kit would be impossible to hand solder. We use special equipment (robots!) to solder on the BGA package and other tiny components.

能自行新增記憶體麼?

No. The RAM is a POP package on top of the SoC, so it’s not removable or swappable.

有硬體文件麼?

Broadcom don’t release a full datasheet for the BCM2835, which is the chip at the heart of the Raspberry Pi. We will release a datasheet for the SoC which will cover the hardware exposed on the Raspi board e.g. the GPIOs. We will also release a board schematic later on.

But I want documentation for <hardware X>!

Other documentation may be released in future but this will be at the Foundation’s discretion.

But Idemandthe documentation for the chip. Give it to me!

To get the full SoC documentation you would need to sign an NDA with Broadcom, who make the chip and sell it to us. But you would also need to provide a business model and estimate of how many chips you are going to sell.

Why doesn’t the Raspberry Pi include <insert name> piece of hardware or <insert name> sort of port?

Our main function is a charitable one – we’re trying to build the cheapest possible computer that provides a certain basic level of functionality, and keeping the price low means we’ve had to make hard decisions about what hardware and interfaces to include.

Can you test it to make sure that it is suitable for <X>?

If you want to use it for something that we haven’t tested, and that it’s not intended for (i.e. anything but the educational work we’re planning for it), then that development work is up to you.

How do I connect a mouse and keyboard?

Model A has one USB port and Model B has 2. Beyond this, mice, keyboards, network adapters and external storage will all connect via a USB hub.

外殼

有外殼麼?

現在沒有官方的外殼. 2013年會發布自帶外殼的教育版本. 論壇上有許多自制外殼的討論. There are several third party cases available, we suggest stopping by the forums and reading some of the threads about cases you can purchase or build yourself.

能裝進Altoids口香糖盒裡麼?

Doesn’t quite work, I’m afraid – because we don’t round off the edges of the board, it’s a little too big to fit the tin.

圖形

我能用什麼顯示器?

There is composite and HDMI out on the board, so you can hook it up to an old analogue TV, to a digital TV or to a DVI monitor (using a cheap adapter for the DVI). There is no VGA support, but adaptors are available, although these are relatively expensive.

為什麼不支援VGA?

The chip specifically supports HDMI. VGA is considered to be an end-of-life technology, so supporting it doesn’t fit with our plans at the moment.

Is there a GPU binary?

Yes. The GPU binary also contains the first stage bootloader.

可以加觸控式螢幕麼?

We haven’t experimented with any touchscreens yet, but there’s no electronic reason why it shouldn’t work. There’s lots of discussion about this on the forums. The main issue people are encountering seems to be one of cost; touchscreens are very pricey!

工作溫度範圍是多少?

The Raspberry Pi is built from commercial chips which are qualified to different temperature ranges; the LAN9512 is specified by the manufacturers being qualified from 0°C to 70°C, while the AP is qualified from -40°C to 85°C. You may well find that the board will work outside those temperatures, but we’re not qualifying the board itself to these extremes.

音訊

支援HDMI麼?

是的.

What about standard audio in and out?

There’s a standard 3.5mm jack for audio out. You can add any supported USB microphone for audio in.

電源

What are the power requirements?

The device is powered by 5v micro USB. You can read more about ithere. Power supplies will be available at launch.

Can I run power Raspberry Pi from batteries as well as from a wall socket?

Yes. The device should run off 4 x AA rechargeable cells, but there may be stability issues as the batteries lose their charge. Using 4 x AA Alkaline cells will result in 6v and it is therefore recommended to use a voltage regulator.

Is power over Ethernet (PoE) possible?

Not in the base device, but it’s been a very commonly requested feature, so we’re examining options for later releases.

軟體

用什麼作業系統?

We recommend Debian as our default distribution. It’s straightforward to replace the root partition on the SD card with another ARM Linux distro if you want to use something else (there are several available on ourdownloadspage). The OS is stored on the SD card.

有官方程式語言麼?

By default, we’ll be supporting Python as the educational language.

Any language which will compile for ARMv6 can be used with the Raspberry Pi, though; so you’re not limited to using Python.

能執行WINE麼 (或者Windows, 或者其他x86軟體)?

不行.

What Linux distros will be supported at launch?

Fedora, Debian and ArchLinux will be supported from the start. We hope to see support from other distros later. (Because of issues with newer releases of Ubuntu and the ARM processor we are using, Ubuntu can’t commit to support Raspberry Pi at the moment.) You will be able to download distro images from us as soon as the Raspberry Pi is released, and we will also be selling pre-loaded SD cards shortly after release.

能執行Android麼?

A version of android can be found in the forum. It is not presently stable enough for everyday use, however work is continuing on it.

Will it run <insert name of program here>?

In general, you need to look to see whether the program you want can be compiled for the ARMv6 architecture. In most cases the answer will be yes. Specific programs are discussed on our forum, so you might want to look there for an answer.

Will it run the new Windows 8 ARM version?

We are not partners with Microsoft, and their support would be required for porting Windows 8.

SD卡和儲存裝置

We have tried cards up to 32GB and most cards seem to work OK. The Wiki has more information about which makes and models work best. You can also attach a USB stick or USB hard drive for storage. The minimum sized SD card you can use is 2GB, but it is recommended to use at least 4GB if you want to additional programs to the image.

變磚咋辦?

You can restore the device by reflashing the SD card.

網路, USB和無線

Does the device support networking? Is there Wi-Fi?

The Model B version of the device includes 10/100 wired Ethernet. There is no Ethernet on the Model A version (which we expect to be taken up mostly by the education market), but Wi-Fi will be available via a standard USB dongle.

Will there be a WiFi option?

Not in the first version, though you can add a dongle. ARM Linux WiFi support can be a bit patchy; there’s a list of tested dongles on the wiki.

Why no Gigabit Ethernet?

The Ethernet is driven via USB 2.0, so the upstream bandwidth would not support Gigabit.

Does the device have support for any form of netbooting or pxe?

No. However, it’s such a low power device that we expect it to be left on much of the time!

How do you connect more than two USB devices?

Use a hub to increase the number of ports. Some keyboards have hubs built in which would work well. It is recommended to use a powered hub.

教育應用

有啥教育用的材料不?

We’re working with partners to get software materials developed, as well as with the open source community. Computing at School are writing a user guide and programming manual, we’re aware of a few books being planned and written around the Raspberry Pi, and others have already started to produce some excellent tutorials including video. We’re also working with partners to use it as a teaching platform for other subjects, including languages, maths and so on.

Once we launch, we hope that the community will help bodies like Computing at School put together teaching material such as lesson plans and resources and push this into schools. In due course, the foundation hopes to provide a system of prizes to give young people something to work towards.

There’s lots of discussion of educational uses and resources in our forums – come and have a chat!

我還有其他問題!

Check the wiki pages athttp://elinux.org/RaspberryPiBoardfor more information, or ask in the forums, where there are lots of helpful Raspberry Pi owners, users and fans who will be more than happy to help you out.http://www.raspberrypi.org/phpBB3/

名詞表

BGA: 球柵陣列. 一種電子產品表面封裝型別.

SoC: 片上系統. A computer on a single chip.

GPIO: 通用輸入輸出介面. A pin that can be programmed to do stuff.

GPU: graphics processing unit. The hardware the handles the graphics.

Distro: a specific package (“flavour”) of Linux and associated software.

Brick: to accidentally render a device inert by making changes to software or firmware.

Pxe: 遠端引導技術. 靠網路啟動裝置.

PoE: 乙太網供電. 靠網線給裝置供電.

轉載於:https://my.oschina.net/funnky/blog/133064