MySQL手動註冊binlog檔案造成主從異常的原因
一、問題來源
有一個朋友@水米田 問我,基於POSITION的主從。他做了如下的操作
將備份的一些binlog檔案加入到了目錄中
修改index檔案,加入了這些binlog檔案
flush binary logs
然後整個主從環境大量延遲。
二、朋友的測試
下面是另外一個朋友@徐晨亮的測試:
master上: (root:db1@xucl:10:30:22)[(none)]> show binary logs; +---------------------+-----------+ | Log_name | File_size | +---------------------+-----------+ | mysql-binlog.000031 | 1019 | | mysql-binlog.000032 | 424 | | mysql-binlog.000033 | 244 | | mysql-binlog.000034 | 2332 | | mysql-binlog.000035 | 2134 | | mysql-binlog.000036 | 845915 | | mysql-binlog.000037 | 11735 | | mysql-binlog.000038 | 284 | | mysql-binlog.000039 | 284 | | mysql-binlog.000040 | 284 | | mysql-binlog.000041 | 284 | | mysql-binlog.000042 | 234 | +---------------------+-----------+ 12 rows in set (0.00 sec) (root:db1@xucl:10:30:34)[(none)]> purge binary logs to 'mysql-binlog.000039'; Query OK,0 rows affected (0.00 sec) (root:db1@xucl:10:30:49)[(none)]> show binary logs; +---------------------+-----------+ | Log_name | File_size | +---------------------+-----------+ | mysql-binlog.000039 | 284 | | mysql-binlog.000040 | 284 | | mysql-binlog.000041 | 284 | | mysql-binlog.000042 | 234 | +---------------------+-----------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec) 執行插入資料 (root:db1@xucl:10:31:23)[xucl]> insert into t values(9,9); 將備份的binlog拷貝回原先的目錄並修改index檔案進行註冊 [root@izbp12nspj47ypto9t6vyez logs]# ll 總用量 884 -rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 1019 5月 20 22:03 mysql-binlog.000031 -rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 424 5月 20 22:03 mysql-binlog.000032 -rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 244 5月 20 22:03 mysql-binlog.000033 -rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 2332 5月 20 22:03 mysql-binlog.000034 -rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 2134 5月 20 22:03 mysql-binlog.000035 -rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 845915 5月 20 22:03 mysql-binlog.000036 -rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 11735 5月 20 22:05 mysql-binlog.000037 -rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 284 5月 20 22:06 mysql-binlog.000038 -rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 284 5月 21 10:28 mysql-binlog.000039 -rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 284 5月 21 10:28 mysql-binlog.000040 -rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 284 5月 21 10:28 mysql-binlog.000041 -rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 491 5月 21 10:31 mysql-binlog.000042 -rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 204 5月 21 10:30 mysql-binlog.index 主庫flush binary logs (root:db1@xucl:10:32:51)[(none)]> flush binary logs; Query OK,0 rows affected (0.01 sec) (root:db1@xucl:10:32:57)[(none)]> show binary logs; +---------------------+-----------+ | Log_name | File_size | +---------------------+-----------+ | mysql-binlog.000031 | 1019 | | mysql-binlog.000032 | 424 | | mysql-binlog.000033 | 244 | | mysql-binlog.000034 | 2332 | | mysql-binlog.000035 | 2134 | | mysql-binlog.000036 | 845915 | | mysql-binlog.000037 | 11735 | | mysql-binlog.000038 | 284 | | mysql-binlog.000039 | 284 | | mysql-binlog.000040 | 284 | | mysql-binlog.000041 | 284 | | mysql-binlog.000042 | 541 | | mysql-binlog.000043 | 234 | +---------------------+-----------+ 13 rows in set (0.00 sec) 此時,slave報錯如下: (root:db1@xucl:10:31:05)[(none)]> show slave status\G *************************** 1. row *************************** Slave_IO_State: Master_Host: 127.0.0.1 Master_User: repl Master_Port: 3306 Connect_Retry: 60 Master_Log_File: mysql-binlog.000035 Read_Master_Log_Pos: 194 Relay_Log_File: izbp12nspj47ypto9t6vyez-relay-bin.000011 Relay_Log_Pos: 373 Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-binlog.000035 Slave_IO_Running: No Slave_SQL_Running: Yes Replicate_Do_DB: Replicate_Ignore_DB: Replicate_Do_Table: Replicate_Ignore_Table: Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: Last_Errno: 0 Last_Error: Skip_Counter: 0 Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 194 Relay_Log_Space: 648 Until_Condition: None Until_Log_File: Until_Log_Pos: 0 Master_SSL_Allowed: No Master_SSL_CA_File: Master_SSL_CA_Path: Master_SSL_Cert: Master_SSL_Cipher: Master_SSL_Key: Seconds_Behind_Master: NULL Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No Last_IO_Errno: 1236 Last_IO_Error: Got fatal error 1236 from master when reading data from binary log: 'Cannot replicate GTID-transaction when @@GLOBAL.GTID_MODE = OFF,at file /storage/single/mysql3306/logs/mysql-binlog.000035,position 194.; the first event 'mysql-binlog.000039' at 234,the last event read from '/storage/single/mysql3306/logs/mysql-binlog.000035' at 259,the last byte read from '/storage/single/mysql33' Last_SQL_Errno: 0 Last_SQL_Error: Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids: Master_Server_Id: 3306 Master_UUID: e8bdf01a-c79b-11e8-82b3-00163e088352 Master_Info_File: mysql.slave_master_info SQL_Delay: 0 SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for more updates Master_Retry_Count: 86400 Master_Bind: Last_IO_Error_Timestamp: 190521 10:32:57 Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp: Master_SSL_Crl: Master_SSL_Crlpath: Retrieved_Gtid_Set: Executed_Gtid_Set: 4c423515-6661-11e9-b767-00163e088352:1-7,e8bdf01a-c79b-11e8-82b3-00163e088352:1-57192 Auto_Position: 0 Replicate_Rewrite_DB: Channel_Name: Master_TLS_Version: 1 row in set (0.00 sec) 從slave上的報錯來看,在主庫flush binary logs後,從庫又讀取註冊的binlog並且又apply了
三、現象說明
從整個測試來看,MySQL視乎將手動註冊的檔案進行了傳輸和應用。報錯是因為這個庫以前是GITD_MODE=ON的,但是測試的時候已經關閉了GTID_MODE,改為了POSITION的模式,這個報錯是因為DUMP執行緒會進行檢測:
這個圖來自我新寫的一個系列(暫時還沒釋出,大概年底才能寫好)。不管怎麼說,DUMP執行緒已經在開始傳輸老的binlog檔案了。那麼原因是什麼呢?下面我們將進行解釋。
四、flush binary logs對binlog的操作
flush binary logs 將包含如下操作:
- 獲取新的binlog檔名字
- 關閉舊的binlog
- 關閉index file
- 開啟index file
- 開啟新的binlog
- 將新的binlog加入到indexfile
具體可以參考函式MYSQL_BIN_LOG::new_file_impl。其中要說明一下獲取新的binlog檔名字是通過函式find_uniq_filename實現的,其中包含如下程式碼:
file_info= dir_info->dir_entry; for (i= dir_info->number_off_files ; i-- ; file_info++) { if (strncmp(file_info->name,start,length) == 0 && is_number(file_info->name+length,&number,0)) { set_if_bigger(max_found,number); } } ... *next= (need_next || max_found == 0) ? max_found + 1 : max_found;
大概意思就是掃描index file檔案裡面的binlog檔案,獲取其序號最高的一個,然後加1。棧幀如下:
#0 find_uniq_filename (name=0x7fffec5ec6d0 "/mysqldata/mysql3340/log/binlog",next=0x7fffec5ec678,need_next=true) at /mysqldata/percona-server-locks-detail-5.7.22/sql/binlog.cc:3679 #1 0x000000000187d208 in generate_new_log_name (new_name=0x7fffec5ec6d0 "/mysqldata/mysql3340/log/binlog",new_ext=0x0,log_name=0x7ffedc011520 "/mysqldata/mysql3340/log/binlog",is_binlog=true) at /mysqldata/percona-server-locks-detail-5.7.22/sql/binlog.cc:3767 #2 0x0000000001884fdb in MYSQL_BIN_LOG::new_file_impl (this=0x2e83640,need_lock_log=false,extra_description_event=0x0) at /mysqldata/percona-server-locks-detail-5.7.22/sql/binlog.cc:7175 #3 0x0000000001884cbb in MYSQL_BIN_LOG::new_file_without_locking (this=0x2e83640,extra_description_event=0x0) at /mysqldata/percona-server-locks-detail-5.7.22/sql/binlog.cc:7099 #4 0x0000000001886b6b in MYSQL_BIN_LOG::rotate (this=0x2e83640,force_rotate=true,check_purge=0x7fffec5ecbfb) at /mysqldata/percona-server-locks-detail-5.7.22/sql/binlog.cc:7775 #5 0x0000000001886d53 in MYSQL_BIN_LOG::rotate_and_purge (this=0x2e83640,thd=0x7ffedc000b90,force_rotate=true) at /mysqldata/percona-server-locks-detail-5.7.22/sql/binlog.cc:7846
因此即便我們手動修改了index file,flush binary logs卻不會有問題,因為它實際掃描了index file檔案。
同時我們也看到flush binary logs重新載入了index file,這個時候手動修改的index file就生效了,使用show binary logs就能檢視到你加入的檔案了。
五、主從問題的產生
binlog切換後,DUMP執行緒也需要讀取下一個binlog檔案。我們來看看它是怎麼確認讀取哪一個檔案的。
在函式sender.run()中可以找到迴圈每個binlog檔案的程式碼。下面一句是尋找下一個binlog檔案:
int error= mysql_bin_log.find_next_log(&m_linfo,0);
mysql_bin_log.find_next_log 包含的程式碼:
my_b_seek(&index_file,linfo->index_file_offset);//進行偏移量偏移 linfo->index_file_start_offset= linfo->index_file_offset; length=my_b_gets(&index_file,fname,FN_REFLEN));//讀取檔名字 ... if(normalize_binlog_name(full_fname,is_relay_log)) ... linfo->index_file_offset= my_b_tell(&index_file);//偏移量從新記錄以備下一次使用
我們能夠看到DUMP執行緒並沒有實際掃描整個index檔案,而是通過一個index檔案的偏移量進行讀取。如果手動修改index檔案那麼偏移量就出現了錯亂。因此DUMP傳送的下一個檔案將是不確定的。因此出現了傳送手動註冊的binlog檔案給從庫的現象,這種情況下可能出現下面情況:
- 如果是GTID_MODE 關閉,使用POSITION那麼這種情況一定報錯,比如重複的行。
- 如果是GTID_MODE 和AUTO_POSITION=1,那麼DUMP執行緒會進行GTID的過濾不傳送,因為Event不傳送所以延遲會持續一段時間為0。
- 如果是GTID_MODE 和AUTO_POSITION=0,那麼SQL執行緒應用GITD_EVENT的時候會進行過濾,延遲可能出現很大的情況。
儘管GTID可能可以遮蔽這種問題,但是DUMP執行緒已經在考慮傳送老的binlog檔案了,這是不合適的。
六、purge binary logs能夠維護這個偏移量
為什麼purge binary logs不會出現問題呢,因為在purge binary logs的語句下,會維護這個偏移量如下:
virtual void operator()(THD *thd) { LOG_INFO* linfo; mysql_mutex_lock(&thd->LOCK_thd_data); if ((linfo= thd->current_linfo))//b binlog.cc:2829 { /* Index file offset can be less that purge offset only if we just started reading the index file. In that case we have nothing to adjust. */ if (linfo->index_file_offset < m_purge_offset) linfo->fatal = (linfo->index_file_offset != 0); else linfo->index_file_offset -= m_purge_offset; } mysql_mutex_unlock(&thd->LOCK_thd_data);
我們可以看到linfo->index_file_offset -= m_purge_offset;這樣一個語句。下面是棧幀:
#0 Adjust_offset::operator() (this=0x7fffec5ec720,thd=0x7ffedc000be0) at /mysqldata/percona-server-locks-detail-5.7.22/sql/binlog.cc:2831 #1 0x0000000000eef320 in Do_THD::operator() (this=0x7fffec5ec6a0,thd=0x7ffedc000be0) at /mysqldata/percona-server-locks-detail-5.7.22/sql/mysqld_thd_manager.cc:46 #2 0x0000000000eefa0f in std::for_each<THD**,Do_THD> (__first=0x3003358,__last=0x3003368,__f=...) at /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.4.7/../../../../include/c++/4.4.7/bits/stl_algo.h:4200 #3 0x0000000000eeefc0 in Global_THD_manager::do_for_all_thd (this=0x3003340,func=0x7fffec5ec720) at /mysqldata/percona-server-locks-detail-5.7.22/sql/mysqld_thd_manager.cc:273 #4 0x000000000187ae0a in adjust_linfo_offsets (purge_offset=0) at /mysqldata/percona-server-locks-detail-5.7.22/sql/binlog.cc:2873 #5 0x0000000001883239 in MYSQL_BIN_LOG::remove_logs_from_index (this=0x2e83640,log_info=0x7fffec5ec7d0,need_update_threads=true) at /mysqldata/percona-server-locks-detail-5.7.22/sql/binlog.cc:6352 #6 0x0000000001883676 in MYSQL_BIN_LOG::purge_logs (this=0x2e83640,to_log=0x7fffec5eca80 "/mysqldata/mysql3340/log/binlog.000001",included=false,need_lock_index=true,need_update_threads=true,decrease_log_space=0x0,auto_purge=false) at /mysqldata/percona-server-locks-detail-5.7.22/sql/binlog.cc:6469 #7 0x000000000187b4b5 in purge_master_logs (thd=0x7ffee0000c00,to_log=0x7ffee0006600 "binlog.000001") at /mysqldata/percona-server-locks-detail-5.7.22/sql/binlog.cc:3127
七、測試POSITION模式下的報錯
1、 環境
mysql> show binary logs; +---------------+-----------+ | Log_name | File_size | +---------------+-----------+ | binlog.000001 | 198 | | binlog.000002 | 154 | +---------------+-----------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> show create table testcp \G; *************************** 1. row *************************** Table: testcp Create Table: CREATE TABLE `testcp` ( `id` int(11) NOT NULL,PRIMARY KEY (`id`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 1 row in set (0.00 sec) ERROR: No query specified
2、執行一個語句
主庫:
mysql> insert into testcp values(20); Query OK,1 row affected (0.43 sec) mysql> select * from testcp; +----+ | id | +----+ | 10 | | 20 | +----+ 2 rows in set (0.01 sec)
從庫:
mysql> show slave status \G; *************************** 1. row *************************** Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event Master_Host: 192.168.99.41 Master_User: repl Master_Port: 3340 Connect_Retry: 60 Master_Log_File: binlog.000002 Read_Master_Log_Pos: 417 Relay_Log_File: relay.000004 Relay_Log_Pos: 624 Relay_Master_Log_File: binlog.000002 Slave_IO_Running: Yes Slave_SQL_Running: Yes ... mysql> select * from testcp; +----+ | id | +----+ | 10 | | 20 | +----+
這個時候DUMP執行緒index file偏移指標如下:
3、主庫執行purge binary logs
做之前拷貝原有binlog.000001為binlog.000001bak因為等會要拷貝回去
mysql> purge binary logs to 'binlog.000002'; Query OK,0 rows affected (3.14 sec) mysql> show binary logs; +---------------+-----------+ | Log_name | File_size | +---------------+-----------+ | binlog.000002 | 417 | +---------------+-----------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
因為purge binary logs命令會維護偏移指標,這個時候DUMP執行緒的index file偏移指標如下:
4、手動更改
將binlog.000001bak拷貝為binlog.000001,然後修改index file將binlog.000001加入回去,然後flush binary logs如下:
mysql> flush binary logs; Query OK,0 rows affected (0.15 sec) mysql> show binary logs; +---------------+-----------+ | Log_name | File_size | +---------------+-----------+ | binlog.000001 | 198 | | binlog.000002 | 461 | +---------------+-----------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
手動完成這個工作並不會維護DUMP執行緒的index file偏移指標,因此如下:
就這樣DUMP執行緒重新發送了一次binlog.000002的內容,POSITION的從庫只能報錯了如下:
mysql> select * from replication_applier_status_by_worker \G *************************** 1. row *************************** CHANNEL_NAME: WORKER_ID: 1 THREAD_ID: NULL SERVICE_STATE: OFF LAST_SEEN_TRANSACTION: ANONYMOUS LAST_ERROR_NUMBER: 1062 LAST_ERROR_MESSAGE: Worker 1 failed executing transaction 'ANONYMOUS' at master log binlog.000002,end_log_pos 386; Could not execute Write_rows event on table testmts.testcp; Duplicate entry '20' for key 'PRIMARY',Error_code: 1062; handler error HA_ERR_FOUND_DUPP_KEY; the event's master log binlog.000002,end_log_pos 386 LAST_ERROR_TIMESTAMP: 2019-05-21 14:46:26
八、總結
這種操作非常不規範,如果實在要這麼做考慮如下步驟:
- 關閉全部的從庫
- 手動註冊binlog檔案,修改index 檔案
- flush binary logs
- 啟動從庫
這種情況下將會重新初始化DUMP的偏移量指標,應該是沒有問題的。還是儘量不要考慮這麼做。
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