相機鏡頭上的所有字母，首字母縮寫和數字代表什麼？
A quick peek at the barrel of your camera’s lens reveals a jungle of letters, numbers, and acronyms. What exactly do they all mean and how can you translate the codes into useful information?
快速瀏覽一下相機鏡頭的鏡筒，就會發現字母，數字和首字母縮寫的叢林。 它們到底意味著什麼，您又如何將程式碼轉換為有用的資訊？
Today’s Question & Answer session comes to us courtesy of Photography Exchange—a subdivision of Stack Exchange, a community-driven grouping of Q&A web sites. Image courtesy of Canon, USA.
今天的問答環節由攝影交流(Photography Exchange)提供-攝影交流-Stack Exchange(社群驅動的Q＆A網站分組)的一個子部分。 圖片由美國佳能提供。
問題 (The Question)
Photography Exchange reader Mikal Sundberg is curious about the markings on his camera lens. He writes:
攝影交流讀者Mikal Sundberg對他的相機鏡頭上的標記感到好奇。 他寫：
Then looking at a lens name there is a lot of acronyms in the name describing it’s features (often specific to the manufacturer).
然後，在檢視鏡頭名稱時，會在名稱中有很多首字母縮寫詞來描述其功能(通常特定於製造商)。
Examples, Nikon: Nikon AF-S DX 16-85mm VR f/3.5-5.6G IF-ED Nikon AF-I 600mm f/4D IF-ED Nikon AF-S VR Micro-NIKKOR 105mm f/2.8G IF-ED
尼康例項：尼康AF-S DX 16-85mm VR f / 3.5-5.6G IF-ED尼康AF-I 600mm f / 4D IF-ED尼康AF-S VR Micro-NIKKOR 105mm f / 2.8G IF-ED
Examples, Canon: Canon EF 85mm f1.2L USM Mark II Canon 70-300mm f/4.5-f/5.6 DO IS
佳能示例：佳能EF 85mm f1.2L USM Mark II佳能70-300mm f / 4.5-f / 5.6 DO IS
Examples, Sigma: Sigma 150mm F2.8 EX APO DG HSM Macro Sigma 70-200mm F2.8 EX DG OS HSM Sigma 50-150mm F2.8 EX DC APO HSM II
例如Sigma： Sigma 150mm F2.8 EX APO DG HSM Macro Sigma 70-200mm F2.8 EX DG OS HSM Sigma 50-150mm F2.8 EX DC APO HSM II
How do I decipher the lens names from different manufacturers?
如何解密不同製造商的鏡頭名稱？
So what kind of decoder ring do you need to make sense of the code?
那麼，您需要哪種解碼器環才能理解程式碼？
答案 (The Answers)
Photography Exchange contributor Jrista offers up a very comprehensive answer. We won’t judge you if you skim through his expansive write up until you find your specific brand of camera equipment.
攝影交流撰稿人Jrista提供了一個非常全面的答案。 在您找到特定品牌的攝像裝置之前，我們不會判斷您是否瀏覽了他的大量文章。
品牌鏡片 (Brand Lenses)
Most major camera manufacturers offer their own line of lenses. Such lenses tend to follow the most stringent quality guidelines, and often come with a price premium.
大多數主要的相機制造商都提供自己的鏡頭系列。 這樣的鏡片傾向於遵循最嚴格的質量準則，並且通常帶有價格優勢。
佳能鏡頭 (Canon Lenses)
Canon lenses use the following terms to indicate features of each lens:
佳能鏡頭使用以下術語表示每個鏡頭的功能：
Common
共同
XYZmm:Focal length
XYZmm：焦距
f/x.y:Maximum aperture
f / xy：最大光圈
Common
共同
Focus/Mount Type
對焦/安裝型別
EF:Electronic Focus
EF：電子聚焦
EF-S:Short-Back Electronic Focus
EF-S：短後電子對焦
EF-M:Mirrorless Electronic Focus
EF-M：無反光鏡電子對焦
TS:Tilt-Shift
TS：傾斜移位
TS-E:Tilt-Shift, Electronic aperture control
TS-E：傾斜移位，電子光圈控制
TS:Tilt-Shift
TS：傾斜移位
MP-E:Macro-Photography, Electronic aperture control
MP-E：巨集觀攝影，電子光圈控制
Focus/Mount Type
對焦/安裝型別
Features
特徵
IS:Image Stabilization
IS：影象穩定
USM:Auto Focus Type:Ultrasonic Motor
USM：自動對焦型別：超聲波馬達
STM:Auto Focus Type:Stepping Motor
STM：自動對焦型別：步進電機
(Mark) N:Version of lens (Mark II = v2, Mark III = v3, etc., word Mark may not be present)
(標記)N：鏡頭的版本(標記II = v2，標記III = v3，依此類推，可能沒有單詞Mark)
DO:Diffractive Optics
DO：衍射光學
L：豪華系列
Macro:close focusing, but not necessarily 1:1 magnification
微距：近距離對焦，但不一定是1：1放大
Softfocusability to usesoft focusingfor smooth dreamy look
使用柔焦功能實現柔和夢幻外觀的柔焦能力
PF Power Focus
Features
特徵
Examples
例子
- Canon EF 16-35mm f/2.8 L II USM Lens佳能EF 16-35mm f / 2.8 L II USM鏡頭
- Canon EF 70-200mm f/2.8 L IS II USM Lens佳能EF 70-200mm f / 2.8 L IS II USM鏡頭
- Canon TS-E 17mm f/4 L佳能TS-E 17mm f / 4 L
- Canon EF 50mm f/1.2 L USM 佳能EF 50mm f / 1.2 L USM
- Canon EF-S 10-22mm f/3.5-4.5 USM 佳能EF-S 10-22mm f / 3.5-4.5 USM
尼康鏡頭 (Nikon Lenses)
Nikon lenses use the following terms to indicate features of each lens:
尼康鏡頭使用以下術語表示每個鏡頭的功能：
Common
共同
XYZmm:Focal length
XYZmm：焦距
f/x.y:Maximum aperture
f / xy：最大光圈
Common
共同
Lens System
鏡頭系統
DX:Digital, Short Back
DX：數字，短背
FX:Full Frame (film or digital)
FX：全畫幅(膠片或數碼)
Lens System
鏡頭系統
Lens Mount
鏡頭座
AI:Automatic Indexing mount (includes metering sensor)
AI：自動分度安裝座(包括計量感測器)
AI-S:Improved Automatic Indexing mount
AI-S：改進的自動索引安裝
IX:Lenses designed specially for APS film SLR-s; their rear end protrudes too much to allow using them on a 35mm film camera or a dSLR
IX：專門為APS膠片SLR-s設計的鏡頭； 它們的後端突出太多，無法在35mm膠片相機或dSLR上使用
Serie EA cheaper serie of AI-S where plastic replaced some metal parts. Not designated as Nikkor but “Nikon Lense Serie E”
意甲(Serie E)一種便宜的AI-S意甲，用塑料代替了一些金屬零件。 未指定為Nikkor，而是“ Nikon Lense Serie E”
Lens Mount
鏡頭座
Focusing System
調焦系統
AF:Auto Focus, built into camera
AF：自動對焦，內置於相機中
AF-S:Auto-Focus Silent (Silent Wave Motor, required for bodies without focus motor)
AF-S：自動對焦靜音(無聲馬達，無聚焦馬達的機身需要)
AF-I:Auto-Focus Internal
AF-I：內部自動對焦
AF-N:Auto-Focus (improved version, rare)
AF-N：自動對焦(改進版，罕見)
Focusing System
調焦系統
Features
特徵
Reflex:Catadioptric (mirror) lense.
反射：折反射(鏡)透鏡。
D:Distance, communicates focus distance for 3D Matrix metering mode and also for flash autoexposure. All AF-I, AF-S, and G-type lenses are also D-type. (Indicated after the f-number in the name, sometimes designated as AF-D).
D：距離，傳達3D矩陣測光模式以及閃光燈自動曝光的對焦距離。 所有AF-I，AF-S和G型鏡頭也均為D型。 (在名稱中的f編號後表示，有時也稱為AF-D)。
SWM：靜音波電機
N:Nano-Crystal Coating
N：奈米晶體塗層
NIC:Nikon Integrated Coating (multicoated lenses)
NIC：尼康整合鍍膜(多層鍍膜鏡頭)
SIC:Super Integrated Coating (multicoated lenses)
SIC：超級整合鍍膜(多層鍍膜鏡片)
VR:Vibration Reduction
VR：減震
ED:Extra-low Dispersion Glass
ED：超低色散玻璃
FL:Fluorite. Designated a lens with some element in fluorite instead glass.
FL：螢石。 指定在螢石中代替玻璃的某些元素的鏡片。
ASP:Aspherical Lens Element
ASP：非球面鏡片
IF:Internal Focusing
IF：內部重點
RF:Rear Focusing
RF：後對焦
RD:Rounded diaphragm
RD：圓形膜片
Micro:Enable high reproduction ratio. Typically at 1:1 or 1:2.
微型：啟用高複製率。 通常為1：1或1：2。
G:No aperture ring (automatic aperture only)
G：無光圈環(僅自動光圈)
DC：散焦控制
PC:Perspective Control. Lenses with shift feature (older) and newer with tilt as well.
PC：透視控制。 具有移位功能的鏡頭(較舊)，以及具有傾斜功能的較新鏡頭。
E:Electronic diaphragm. Some lenses with an electronic diaphragm. Only supported by bodies from D3 and after.
E：電子膜片。 一些帶有電子光圈的鏡頭。 僅受D3及更高版本的實體支援。
P:CPU enabled version of AI-S lenses (Sometimes designated as AI-P)
P：支援CPU的AI-S鏡頭版本(有時稱為AI-P)
Features
特徵
Examples
例子
- Nikon AF 85mm f/1.8尼康AF 85mm f / 1.8
- Nikon AF 85mm f/1.8D 尼康AF 85mm f / 1.8D
- Nikon AI 500mm f/4.0 P 尼康AI 500mm f / 4.0 P
- Nikon AF-S DX 16-85mm VR f/3.5-5.6G IF-ED 尼康AF-S DX 16-85mm VR f / 3.5-5.6G IF-ED
- Nikon AF-I 600mm f/4D IF-ED 尼康AF-I 600mm f / 4D IF-ED
- Nikon AF-S VR Micro-NIKKOR 105mm f/2.8G IF-ED 尼康AF-S VR微型尼克爾105mm f / 2.8G IF-ED
奧林巴斯4/3鏡頭 (Olympus 4/3 lenses)
Common
共同
XYZmm:Focal length
XYZmm：焦距
1:x.y:Maximum aperture
1：xy：最大光圈
Common
共同
Features
特徵
ED:Extra-low dispersion glass elements
ED：超低色散玻璃元件
SWD:Auto Focus Type:Supersonic Wave Drive Motor
SWD：自動對焦型別：超聲波驅動電機
N:Version of lens (II = v2, III = v3, etc.)
N：鏡頭版本(II = v2，III = v3等)
Features
特徵
賓得鏡頭(Pentax lenses)
Common
共同
XYZmm:Focal length
XYZmm：焦距
1:x.y:Maximum aperture
1：xy：最大光圈
Common
共同
Focus/Mount Type
對焦/安裝型別
K, M:Manual Focus, Manual/Aperture priority metering
K，M：手動對焦，手動/光圈優先測光
AF:Early AF system with AF motor and electronics in lens that works only with ME-F body.
AF：早期的AF系統，鏡頭中裝有AF馬達和電子裝置，僅適用於ME-F機身。
A:Manual Focus, supports Shutter priority and Program exposure metering
答：手動對焦，支援快門優先和程式曝光測光
F:Adds Auto Focus to capabilities of A lenses
F：將自動對焦功能新增到A鏡頭的功能
FA:Adds ability to communicateMTFto body to capabilities of F lenses
FAJ:Removes aperture ring from capabilities of FA lenses
FAJ：從FA鏡頭功能中刪除光圈環
DA:Same capabilities as FAJ, but with reduced imaging circle for digital cameras with APS-C sized sensor
DA：與FAJ相同的功能，但具有APS-C尺寸感測器的數碼相機的成像圈減少了
DA L:Same capabilities as DA lenses, Lighter construction
DA L：與DA鏡頭功能相同，打火機結構
D FA:Same capabilities as FA lenses, usable on both film and digital cameras
D FA：與FA鏡頭具有相同的功能，可在膠捲和數碼相機上使用
Focus/Mount Type
對焦/安裝型別
Features
特徵
AL:Aspherical elements
AL：非球面元素
ED:Extra-low dispersion glass elements
ED：超低色散玻璃元件
SMC:Super multi coating lens coating
SMC：超級多層鍍膜鏡片鍍膜
HD:Newer “high grade” multi-layer lens coating
高清：新型“高階”多層鏡片鍍膜
PZ:Power Zoom
PZ：電動變焦
SDM:Auto Focus Type:Supersonic Drive Motor
SDM：自動對焦型別：超音速驅動電機
IF:Internal focussing
IF：內部重點
WR:Weather Resistant (when matched with weather resistant body)
WR：耐候性(與耐候性主體匹配時)
AW:All Weather (again when matched with WR body; it’s unclear how if at all this differs from the above)
AW：全天候(再次與WR機體匹配；目前尚不清楚與以上內容有何不同)
★:High performance, including weather and dust sealing
★：高效能，包括天氣和灰塵密封
Limited:High quality, compact design (primes)
限量：高品質，緊湊型設計(底漆)
Macro:1:1 magnification
微距： 1：1放大
XS:Extra slim, even more compact than Limited
XS：超薄，比Limited更緊湊
Features
特徵
索尼/美能達鏡頭(Sony/Minolta Lenses)
Sony lenses, previously Minolta lenses, have similar features to Nikon and Canon. Their notation is as follows:
索尼鏡頭，以前是美能達鏡頭，具有與尼康和佳能相似的功能。 它們的表示法如下：
Common
共同
XYZ/x.y:Focal length/Maximum Aperture
XYZ / xy：焦距/最大光圈
Common
共同
Lens Mount Type
鏡頭座型別
Alpha:α Type Mount
Alpha： α型安裝座
E:E Type Mount
E： E型安裝座
Lens Mount Type
鏡頭座型別
Focusing System
調焦系統
SSM:In-LensSuper-sonic Motor
SSM：鏡頭內超音速電機
SAM:In-LensMicro Motor
SAM：鏡頭內微型馬達
Focusing System
調焦系統
Features
特徵
G:Gold Series (highest quality)
G：黃金系列(最高品質)
(D):Distance Encoding (supports ADI feature of some Sony bodies)
(D)：距離編碼(支援某些Sony機身的ADI功能)
DT:Digital Technology (optimized for digital cameras)
DT：數碼技術(針對數碼相機進行了優化)
APO:Apochromatic correction using AD elements
APO：使用AD元素的復消色差校正
HS-APO:High-Speed APO
HS-APO：高速APO
APO:Apochromatic correction using AD elements
APO：使用AD元素的復消色差校正
AD:Anomalous Dispersion
AD：異常色散
OSS:Optical Steady Shot (E-mount only)
OSS：光學穩定拍攝(僅限E卡口)
T*:High-performance Coating
T *：高效能塗料
M:1:1 magnification
M： 1：1放大
Z:optical engineeringby Carl Zeiss
Z：卡爾·蔡司的光學工程
Features
特徵
Examples
例子
- Sony Alpha 70-200/2.8 G索尼Alpha 70-200 / 2.8 G
- Sony Alpha 28-75/2.8 SAM 索尼Alpha 28-75 / 2.8 SAM
- Sony Alpha DT 18-250/3.5-6.3 索尼Alpha DT 18-250 / 3.5-6.3
- Sony E 18-200/3.5-6.3 OSS 索尼E 18-200 / 3.5-6.3 OSS
- Sony Alpha 100/2.8 Macro 索尼Alpha 100 / 2.8 Macro
品牌外鏡頭 (Off-Brand Lenses)
Many off-brand lens manufacturers make lenses that fit many types of bodies, including Canon, Nikon, etc.
許多品牌外的鏡頭製造商都生產適合多種機身的鏡頭，包括佳能，尼康等。
適馬鏡頭 (Sigma Lenses)
Sigma lenses use the following terms to indicate features of each lens. They differ slightly in how they denote aperture:
Sigma鏡頭使用以下術語表示每個鏡頭的功能。 它們在表示光圈的方式上略有不同：
Common
共同
XYZmm:Focal length
XYZmm：焦距
Fx.y:Maximum aperture
Fx.y：最大光圈
Common
共同
Compatible Body Brands
相容的車身品牌
- Sigma西格瑪
- Nikon尼康
- Canon佳能
- Minolta/Sony美能達/索尼
- Pentax賓得
- Kodak (extremely limited)柯達(極為有限)
- Fujifilm 富士膠捲
- Olympus (limited)奧林巴斯(限量)
- Panasonic (very limited) 松下(非常有限)
- Leica (very limited) 徠卡(非常有限)
Compatible Body Brands
相容的車身品牌
Features
特徵
HSM：超音速電機
ASP:Aspherical lens element
ASP：非球面鏡片
APO:Aphochromatic (low-dispersion) lens element
APO：消色差(低色散)透鏡元件
OS:Optical Stabilizer
作業系統：光學穩定劑
RF:Rear focusing
RF：後對焦
IF:Inner focusing
IF：內心專注
CONV:Teleconverter compatible (APO Teleconverter EX), not usually part of the lens name but mentioned in the product description
CONV：相容增距鏡(APO Teleconverter EX)，通常不是鏡頭名稱的一部分，但在產品說明中已提及
EX:Professional lens body finishing and construction
EX：專業的鏡身整理和施工
DG:Supports full-frame cameras (newer lenses only, implicit on older models)
DG：支援全畫幅相機(僅適用於較新型號的鏡頭，僅適用於舊型號)
DC:Supports cropped-frame cameras (lightweight construction, smaller image circle)
DC：支援裁剪相機(輕巧的結構，較小的像圈)
DN:For mirrorless cameras
DN：對於無反光鏡相機
Macro:close focusing, but not necessarily 1:1 magnification
微距：近距離對焦，但不一定是1：1放大
Features
特徵
Examples
例子
- Sigma 18-250mm f/3.5-6.3 DC OS HSM適馬18-250mm f / 3.5-6.3 DC OS HSM
- Sigma 150-500mm f/5-6.3 DG OS HSM 適馬150-500mm f / 5-6.3 DG OS HSM
- Sigma 50mm f/1.4 EX DG HSM 適馬50mm f / 1.4 EX DG HSM
- Sigma 105mm f/2.8 EX DG Macro 適馬105mm f / 2.8 EX DG Macro
騰龍鏡頭 (Tamron Lenses)
Tamron lenses use the following terms to indicate features of each lens. Tamron offers a considerable degree of functional features and lens types, particularly lens types that affect chromatic aberration:
騰龍鏡頭使用以下術語表示每個鏡頭的功能。 騰龍提供了相當多的功能和鏡頭型別，尤其是會影響色差的鏡頭型別：
Common
共同
XYZmm:Focal length
XYZmm：焦距
F/x.y:Maximum aperture
F / xy：最大光圈
AF:Auto-Focus
AF：自動對焦
Common
共同
Compatible Body Brands
相容的車身品牌
- Nikon尼康
- Canon佳能
- Minolta/Sony美能達/索尼
- Pentax賓得
Compatible Body Brands
相容的車身品牌
Features
特徵
Lens Elements
鏡片元素
XR:Extra Refractive Index Glass (lighter, smaller lenses)
XR：超折射率玻璃(較輕，較小的鏡頭)
LD:Low Dispersion (chromatic aberration reduction)
LD：低色散(降低色差)
XLD:Extra Low Dispersion (advanced chromatic aberration reduction)
XLD：超低色散(高階色差降低)
ASL:Aspherical (improved focal plane convergence)
ASL：非球面(改進的焦平面會聚度)
LAH:LD + ASL hybrid lens element
LAH： LD + ASL混合鏡頭元件
AD:Anomalous Dispersion (improved control over chromatic aberration)
AD：異常色散(改善了對色差的控制)
ADH:AD + ASL hybrid lens element
ADH： AD + ASL混合鏡頭元件
HID:High Index, High Dispersion Glass (minimizes lateral chromatic aberration)
HID：高折射率，高色散玻璃(最小化橫向色差)
Lens Elements
鏡片元素
Functional Features
功能特點
VC:Vibration Compensation
VC：振動補償
美元：超聲波靜音驅動器
SP:Super Performance (professional line)
SP：超級效能(專業線)
IF:Internal Focusing System
IF：內部聚焦系統
Di:Digitally Integrated (optimized for use with full-frame digital cameras)
Di：數位整合(已針對全畫幅數碼相機進行最佳化)
Di-II:Digitally Integrated (optimized for use with APS-C digital cameras)
Di-II：數字整合(針對APS-C數碼相機進行了優化)
ZL:Zoom Lock (prevents undesired zoom lens barrel extension)
ZL：變焦鎖定(防止不必要的變焦鏡筒擴充套件)
A/M:Auto-focus/Manual-focus Switch Mechanism
A / M：自動對焦/手動對焦切換機制
FEC:Filter Effect Control (controls filter direction when lens hood attached, i.e. for Polarizing filters)
FEC：濾鏡效果控制(在安裝了鏡頭遮光罩時控制濾鏡方向，即用於偏光濾鏡)
1:1 Macro:1:1 Magnification
1：1巨集： 1：1放大
Functional Features
功能特點
Features
特徵
Examples
例子
- Tamron SP AF17-35MM F/2.8-4 Di LD Aspherical (IF)騰龍SP AF17-35MM F / 2.8-4 Di LD Aspherical(IF)
- Tamron AF18-200mm F/3.5-6.3 XR Di II LD Aspherical (IF) 騰龍AF18-200mm F / 3.5-6.3 XR Di II LD非球面(IF)
- Tamron SP AF180mm F/3.5 Di LD (IF) 1:1 Macro 騰龍SP AF180mm F / 3.5 Di LD(IF)1：1 Macro
託基納鏡片 (Tokina Lenses)
Tokina lenses use the following terms to indicate features of each lens:
Tokina鏡片使用以下術語表示每個鏡片的功能：
Common
共同
VW~XYZmm:Focal length
VW〜XYZmm：焦距
f/x.y:Maximum aperture
f / xy：最大光圈
AF:Auto-Focus
AF：自動對焦
Common
共同
Compatible Body Brands
相容的車身品牌
- Nikon尼康
- Canon佳能
- Minolta/Sony美能達/索尼
- Pentax賓得
Compatible Body Brands
相容的車身品牌
Features
特徵
AT-X Proprofessional line (primes and constant aperture zooms)
AT-X Pro專業線(素色和恆定光圈變焦)
AT-Xconsumer line (variable aperture zooms)
AT-X消費類產品線(可變光圈變焦)
AS:Aspherical Optics
AS：非球面光學
F&R:Advanced Aspherical Optics
F＆R：先進的非球面光學
SD:Super Low Dispersion
SD：超低色散
HLD:High-Refraction, Low Dispersion
HLD：高折射，低色散
MC:Multi-Coating
MC：多塗層
FE:Floating Element System
FE：浮動元素系統
IF:Internal Focus System
IF：內部重點系統
IRF:Internal Rear Focus System
IRF：內部後對焦系統
FC:Focus Clutch Mechanism (allows switching between auto & manual focus)
FC：聚焦離合器機構(允許在自動和手動聚焦之間切換)
One Touch FC:One-Touch Focus Clutch Mechanism
一鍵式FC：一鍵式聚焦離合器機構
FX:Full frame
效果：全畫幅
DX:Digital (cropped frame)
DX：數碼(剪裁框)
Features
特徵
三養鏡片(Samyang Lenses)
Samyang (also sold as Pro-Optic, Rokinon, Bower) lenses use the following terms to indicate features of each lens:
Samyang(也以Pro-Optic，Rokinon和Bower出售)鏡片使用以下術語表示每個鏡片的功能：
Common
共同
XYZ mm:Focal length
XYZ mm：焦距
f/x.y:Maximum aperture
f / xy：最大光圈
Common
共同
Compatible Body Brands
相容的車身品牌
- Nikon尼康
- Canon佳能
- Minolta/Sony美能達/索尼
- Pentax/Samsung賓得/三星
- Olympus奧林巴斯
- Panasonic松下
Compatible Body Brands
相容的車身品牌
Features
特徵
AE:contains electronic chip to allow Automatic Exposure and iTTL flash metering on a Nikon body
AE：包含電子晶片，可以在尼康機身上進行自動曝光和iTTL閃光測光
AS:contains Aspherical element(s)
AS：包含非球面元素
Aspherical:contains Aspherical element(s)
非球面：包含非球面元素
ED:contains extra-low dispersion element(s)
ED：包含超低色散元素
IF:Internal Focusing
IF：內部重點
MC:Multi Coating
MC：多塗層
UMC:Ultra Multi Coating
UMC：超多塗層
MFT:designed for Micro Four Thirds systems
MFT：專為微型四分之三系統設計
CS VG10– custom design for Sony Nex-VG10
CS VG10 –索尼Nex-VG10的定製設計
Preset:Aperture preset (so you can quickly flick aperture ring between maximum aperture for focusing and desired aperture for shooting; there’s no aperture linkage on a preset lens)
預設：光圈預設(因此，您可以在最大對焦光圈和所需拍攝光圈之間快速滑動光圈環；預設鏡頭上沒有光圈聯動裝置)
Mirror:amirror lens
鏡子：鏡子
Features
特徵
Examples
例子
- Samyang AE 14 mm f/2.8 ED AS IF UMC三養AE 14 mm f / 2.8 ED AS IF UMC
- Samyang 35 mm f/1.4 AS UMC 三陽35 mm f / 1.4 AS UMC
- Pro-Optic AE 85 mm f/1.4 Aspherical IF 光學AE 85毫米f / 1.4非球面IF
If you’re scratching your head now because you’ve learned the term but you don’t know what it means, another Photography Exchange user Hamish Downer is here to help:
如果您由於已經學過該術語而現在抓撓自己，但您不知道它的含義，那麼另一個攝影交流使用者Hamish Downer可以為您提供幫助：
The top answer covers the decoding of the letters very well. I thought I might add a few comments as to what some of the features actually mean in terms of consequences of the features (it took me a while to work out what some of them meant).
最佳答案很好地涵蓋了字母的解碼。 我想我可能會針對一些功能在功能後果方面的含義新增一些評論(花了我一段時間才弄清楚其中的某些含義)。
鏡頭僅適用於縮框數碼單反相機 (Lenses only for reduced frame DSLRs)
Most low to mid range DSLRs have a sensor that is smaller than a 35mm film frame – sometimes called “reduced frame” or “cropped sensor”. So using a “full frame” lens will mean lots of extra light around the sensor that isn’t used. You can makes lenses smaller and lighter by reducing the projected image size to fit the sensor size. However using these lenses on a full frame camera would result in the corners of the image being dark – and mostly these lenses won’t fit on a full frame camera.
大多數中低端數碼單反相機都具有小於35mm膠捲鏡框的感測器-有時稱為“縮小鏡框”或“裁剪感測器”。 因此，使用“全畫幅”鏡頭將意味著感測器周圍有大量多餘的光未被使用。 通過縮小投影影象尺寸以適合感測器尺寸，可以使鏡頭更小，更輕。 但是，在全畫幅相機上使用這些鏡頭會導致影象的角落變暗-而且大多數這些鏡頭不適合在全畫幅相機上使用。
The “less than full frame” codes are:
“小於全幀”程式碼是：
Canon:EF-S(EF for full frame)
佳能： EF-S (全畫幅EF)
Nikon:DX(FX for full frame)
尼康： DX (FX為全畫幅)
Pentax:DA(FA or D FA for full frame)
賓得： DA (全畫幅為FA或D FA)
Sigma:DC(DG for full frame)
Sigma： DC (全畫幅DG)
Sony/Minolta:DT
索尼/美能達： DT
Tamron:Di II(Di for full frame)
騰龍： Di II (Di為全畫幅)
影像穩定/減震 (Image Stabilisation/Vibration Reduction)
Image Stabilisation is also called Optical Stabilisation, Optical Image Stabilisation, Optical Steady Shot, Vibration Compensation and Vibration Reduction. Does what it says on the tin basically. (Although note that some DSLR bodies have a form of vibration reduction in the body and so don’t need it in the lens).
影象穩定也稱為光學穩定，光學影象穩定，光學穩定拍攝，振動補償和減震。 基本上按錫說。 (儘管請注意，某些DSLR機身在機身上具有減震的形式，因此不需要在鏡頭中使用)。
Canon:IS
佳能： IS
Nikon:VR
尼康： VR
Panasonic:OIS
松下： OIS
Sigma:OS
Sigma：作業系統
Sony/Minolta:OSS
索尼/美能達： OSS
Tamron:VC
騰龍： VC
快速安靜的聚焦馬達 (Fast and Quiet Focussing Motors)
The focussing motors in some lower end lenses can be quite noisy. The higher end lenses are able tofocus more quickly(the movements can be more accurately controlled) and are quieter and use less battery. The acronym for it usually includes “Sonic”:
一些較低端鏡頭中的聚焦馬達可能會非常嘈雜。 較高階的鏡頭能夠更快地對焦(可以更精確地控制運動)，並且更安靜並且消耗更少的電池。 它的首字母縮寫通常包括“ Sonic”：
Canon:USMUltrasonic Motor
佳能： USM超聲波馬達
Nikon:SWMSilent Wave Motor
尼康： SWM靜音波電機
Olympus/Zuiko:SWDSupersonic Wave Drive
奧林巴斯/ Zuiko： SWD超聲波驅動器
Pentax:SDMSupersonic Drive Motor
賓得： SDM超音速驅動電機
Sigma:HSMHyper-Sonic Motor
適馬： HSM超音速電動機
Sony/Minolta:SSMSuper-Sonic Motor
索尼/美能達： SSM超音速電動機
Tamron:USDUltrasonic Silent Drive
騰龍：美元超聲波靜音驅動器
鏡頭功能(Lens Features)
There are a variety of lens features to reducechromatic abberations(where different colours don’t exactly converge) and other imperfections in lens performance. In particular
鏡頭具有多種功能，可減少色差(不同的顏色不能完全融合)和鏡頭效能的其他缺陷。 特別是
aspherical lens elementshave a more complex surface profile that can reduce or eliminate spherical aberration and also reduce other optical aberrations compared to a simple lens.
與簡單透鏡相比，非球面透鏡元件具有更復雜的表面輪廓，可以減少或消除球面像差，還可以減少其他光學像差。
low dispersionglass means that there is a relatively small difference in the amount different colours bend while going through the glass (technically the refractive index does not vary so much with wavelength), which reduces chromatic aberration.
低色散玻璃意味著穿過玻璃時不同顏色的彎曲量存在相對較小的差異(技術上折射率不會隨波長變化太大)，從而降低了色差。
apochromatic lens elementsare very good at reducing chromatic aberration – they are generally made up of three different materials stuck together.
復消色差透鏡元件在降低色差方面非常出色–它們通常由粘在一起的三種不同材料組成。
Canon:DODiffractive Optics
佳能： DO衍射光學
Nikon:EDExtra-low Dispersion Glass,ASPAspherical Lens Element
尼康： ED超低色散玻璃， ASP非球面鏡片
Olympus/Zuiko:EDExtra-low dispersion glass
奧林巴斯/ Zuiko： ED超低色散玻璃
Pentax:EDExtra-low dispersion glass,ALAspherical Lens Element
賓得： ED超低色散玻璃， AL非球面鏡片
Sigma:ASPAspherical lens element,APOAphochromatic (low-dispersion) lens element
Sigma： ASP非球面鏡片， APO消色差(低色散)鏡片
Sony/Minolta:ADAnomalous Dispersion,APOApochromatic correction using AD elements,HS-APOHigh-Speed APO
Sony / Minolta： AD異常色散，使用AD元素進行APO復消色差校正， HS-APO高速APO
Tamron:AsphericalorASLaspherical lens element,ADAnomalous Dispersion,ADHAD + ASL hybrid lens element,HIDHigh Index, High Dispersion Glass,LDLow Dispersion,LAHLD + ASL hybrid lens element,XLDExtra Low Dispersion,XRExtra Refractive Index Glass
騰龍：非球面或ASL非球面鏡片， AD異常色散， ADH AD + ASL混合鏡片， HID高折射率，高色散玻璃， LD低色散， LAH LD + ASL混合鏡片， XLD超低色散， XR超折射率玻璃
Tokina:ASAspherical lens element,F&RAdvanced Aspherical lens element,HLDHigh-Refraction, Low Dispersion,SDSuper Low Dispersion
Tokina： AS非球面鏡片， F＆R高階非球面鏡片， HLD高折射，低色散， SD超低色散
鏡片鍍膜(Lens Coatings)
There are a variety of lens coatings used to reduce internal reflections and other possible problems. Internal reflections can end up producing ghost images or adding to lens flare. Not all lens manufacturers specify the lens coatings they use.
有多種用於減少內部反射和其他可能問題的鏡片塗層。 內部反射會最終產生重影或增加鏡頭光暈。 並非所有鏡片製造商都指定他們使用的鏡片塗層。
Nikon:NICNikon Integrated Coating,SICSuper Integrated Coating
尼康： NIC尼康整合塗層， SIC超級整合塗層
Pentax:SMCSuper Multi Coating
賓得： SMC Super Multi Coating
Sony/Minolta:THigh-performance Coating
索尼/美能達： T高效能塗層
Tokina:MCMulti-Coating
Tokina： MC多塗層
Yashica:DSBSingle-Coating,ML(laterMC) Multi-Layer (later Multi-coating)
Yashica： DSB單塗層， ML (後來的MC )多層(後來的多層塗層)
巨集 (Macro)
Macro lenses can focus very close to the end of the lens, providing (at least) a 1:1 ratio between the size of the object and the size of the image on the sensor. In plain english, you can take very close up shots of flowers, insects and so on. They are just calledMacro(or occasionallyMicro), making life easy for once.
微距鏡頭可以非常靠近鏡頭的末端聚焦，從而在物體的尺寸和感測器上影象的尺寸之間提供(至少)1：1的比例。 用普通的英語，您可以非常近距離地拍攝花朵，昆蟲等的照片。 它們被稱為Macro (有時稱為Micro )，使生活一次變得輕鬆。
專注 (Focusing)
This includes Internal/Inner Focusing (IF) and (Internal) Rear Focusing (RForIRF). Both of these reduce the number of individual lenses moving inside the lens. They also mean that the front of the lens will not move in or out, or rotate, during focusing. The lack of rotation can be important if, say, you have a circular polarizing filter, or a graded ND filter fitted to the lens. And the front not moving in or out can be important if the lens is very close to the subject.
這包括內部/內部聚焦( IF )和(內部)後聚焦( RF或IRF )。 這兩者都減少了在透鏡內部移動的單個透鏡的數量。 它們還意味著在聚焦過程中，鏡頭的前部不會移入或移出或旋轉。 例如，如果您在鏡頭上裝有圓偏光濾鏡或漸變ND濾鏡，則不旋轉的問題就很重要。 如果鏡頭離拍攝物件很近，則正面不向內或向外移動可能很重要。
高階鏡片 (High End Lenses)
Some manufacturers have a code to indicate their high end lenses:
一些製造商有一個程式碼來指示其高階鏡片：
Canon:LLuxury
佳能： L Luxury
Pentax: * andLimited
賓得：*和限量
Sigma:EXProfessional EXternal lens body finishing
適馬： EX Professional外接鏡頭鏡身
Sony:GGold Series
索尼： G金系列
Tamron:SPSuper Performance
騰龍： SP超級效能
雜(Miscellaneous)
Other codes might indicate the mount type (which will indicate whether it will fit your body), whether it will work with a Teleconverter or whether the lens needs the camera body to provide the motor for auto-focussing.
其他程式碼可能會指示安裝型別(將指示其是否適合您的身體)，它是否可以與增距鏡一起使用或鏡頭是否需要相機機身為自動對焦提供馬達。
Note that I’m not an expert at this and am happy to integrate clarifications left in comments.
請注意，我不是專家，很樂意整合評論中留下的說明。
Have something to add to the explanation? Sound off in the the comments. Want to read more answers from other tech-savvy Stack Exchange users?Check out the full discussion thread here.
有什麼補充說明嗎？ 在評論中聽起來不對。 是否想從其他精通Stack Exchange的使用者那裡獲得更多答案？ 在此處檢視完整的討論執行緒。