SSD is a new generation storage technology that provides different benefits to computing. SSD is the short form of the Solid State Drive where it is technology is similar to the Flash Disk Drives or USB Drives. In this tutorial, we will learn SSD, SSD Applications, SSD Types, SSD Interface/Connection Types, SSD Advantages, SSD vs HDD comparison.

SSD是新一代儲存技術，可為計算帶來不同的好處。 SSD是固態驅動器的縮寫形式，其技術類似於快閃記憶體盤驅動器或USB驅動器。 在本教程中，我們將學習SSD，SSD應用程式，SSD型別，SSD介面/連線型別，SSD優勢，SSD與HDD的比較。

什麼是SSD(固態硬碟)？ (What Is SSD (Solid State Drive)?)

SSD or Solid State Drive is a flash-based disk where it is used to store the data permanently like a regular HDD. Which makes the SSD is its technology where flash technology is the main part.

SSD或固態驅動器是基於快閃記憶體的磁碟，用於像常規HDD一樣永久儲存資料。 這使得固態硬碟成為其技術，其中快閃記憶體技術是主要部分。

Let’s start with a disk or storage history where the Hard Disk Drives, Floppy Disks, CD’s where popular for permanent storage. But all these disk technologies were dependent on physical access of operations which makes them error-prone, slow. But the main advantages of these technologies were their prices. Even early SSD-like technology starts with the invention of the modern computer in the 1950’s it is used in special areas like Super Computers, Space Systems, Military applications, etc because of its applicability and price. The price/size ratio was very low for flash-based storage like SSD.

讓我們從磁碟或儲存歷史開始，其中流行用於永久儲存的硬碟驅動器，軟盤和CD。 但是所有這些磁碟技術都依賴於操作的物理訪問，這使它們易於出錯，速度較慢。 但是這些技術的主要優點是價格。 甚至早期的類似SSD的技術都始於1950年代現代計算機的發明，由於其適用性和價格優勢，它還用於特殊領域，例如超級計算機，太空系統，軍事應用等。 對於基於快閃記憶體的儲存(例如SSD)，價格/尺寸比非常低。

With the new advancement and manufacturing cost cuts the SSD’s prices become affordable for the end and enterprise-level users. Even currently there are some gaps between SSD and HDD, it is closing day by day. It is expected to SSD shipments will overtake HDDs in 2022 which is a revolutionary case.

隨著新技術的進步和製造成本的降低，SSD的價格對於終端使用者和企業級使用者而言變得可以承受。 即使目前，SSD和HDD之間仍然存在一些差距，但這種差距正在日益縮小。 預計2022年SSD的出貨量將超過HDD，這是一個革命性的案例。

SSD uses NAND flash cells in order to store data which access, read, write mechanism is similar to the RAM. SSD uses electrical signals in order to access, read, write to these NAND cells which prevents physical actions. This makes SSD’s very fast because of no physical activity. NAND cells are designed as blocks like a grid and they can store between 256K and 4MB.

SSD使用NAND快閃記憶體單元來儲存資料，該資料的訪問，讀取，寫入機制類似於RAM。 SSD使用電訊號來訪問，讀取和寫入這些NAND單元，從而防止物理行為。 由於沒有身體活動，因此SSD的速度非常快。 NAND單元被設計為像網格一樣的塊，它們可以儲存256K到4MB。

SSD(固態硬碟)用於什麼用途？ (What Are SSD (Solid State Drive) Used For?)

As stated previously with the recent price drop for larger sizes of the SSD, it gained a lot of different application areas and use cases. Actually in generall SSD can be used for all situations but some of them are more profitable according to other solutions.

如前所述，隨著更大尺寸SSD的近期價格下降，它獲得了許多不同的應用領域和用例。 實際上，一般而言，SSD可以用於所有情況，但是根據其他解決方案，其中某些方法更有利可圖。

• Business and Enterprise use SSD in their performance critic applications where it boots the speed of the application from disk or storage point of view.

  Business and Enterprise在其效能批評者應用程式中使用SSD，從磁碟或儲存的角度引導應用程式的速度。

• Gaming requires high-performance systems and game consoles in order to perfect in the game joy, game competition. A lot of gamers prefer faster systems which can run games faster even with 5-10 ms which is important for their game experience.

  Gaming需要高效能的系統和遊戲機，才能在遊戲樂趣，遊戲競爭中達到完美。 許多遊戲玩家更喜歡速度更快的系統，該系統即使在5到10毫秒內也能更快地運行遊戲，這對於他們的遊戲體驗至關重要。

• Mobility is another area where SSD is used not because of its performance because of its low power consumption and size or form factor. As SSD has no physical movement it only consumes little power for access, read, and write operations which makes it a perfect choice for power constraint mobile devices.

  Mobility是另一個使用SSD的領域，因為其低功耗，小尺寸或小巧的形式而不是因為其效能。 由於SSD沒有物理移動，因此僅消耗很少的功率進行訪問，讀取和寫入操作，這使其成為功率受限的移動裝置的理想選擇。

• Servers are another use case where enterprise servers require performance for applications running on them. SSD provides this performance without complex storage architecture like SCSI, RAID, etc.

  Servers是企業伺服器要求效能的另一種用例，這些應用程式需要在伺服器上執行。 SSD無需複雜的儲存架構(例如SCSI，RAID等)即可提供這種效能。

SSD(固態驅動器)介面/連線型別(SSD (Solid State Drive) Interface/Connection Types)

SSD is a storage technology where data is transferred between SSD and CPU. In order to transfer data between SSD and CPU, there are some standard connection types to connect SSD to Mainboard, etc. Here are some of the most popular them.

SSD是一種在SSD和CPU之間傳輸資料的儲存技術。 為了在SSD和CPU之間傳輸資料，有一些標準的連線型別可以將SSD連線到主機板，等等。以下是其中一些最受歡迎的連線型別。

• SATA2, SATA3 is the most popular interface or connection type which is mainly used to connect SSD into the Laptop, PC, Server mainboard like a regular HDD. SATA2 supports 3Gbps which is about 300MB per second. This speed is not enough for most of the cases but SATA2 is not used commonly. SATA3 is the latest version of SATA where 6 Gbps or 600 MB transfer speed is enough for most cases where modern computers support SATA3.

  SATA2, SATA3是最流行的介面或連線型別，主要用於將SSD像普通硬碟一樣連線到膝上型電腦，PC，伺服器主機板。 SATA2支援3Gbps，大約每秒300MB。 在大多數情況下，此速度還不夠，但是通常不使用SATA2。 SATA3是SATA的最新版本，對於大多數現代計算機支援SATA3的情況，6 Gbps或600 MB的傳輸速度就足夠了。

• mSATA is actually the SATA connection standard which is defined for mobile devices. mSATA is a smaller form factor according to SATA and supports 6 Gbps which is the same as SATA3.

  mSATA實際上是為移動裝置定義的SATA連線標準。 根據SATA，mSATA的外形尺寸較小，並且支援6 Gbps，與SATA3相同。

• PCIe is a connection standard that was designed to connect peripherals to the Laptop, Server, PC mainboard like GPU, Network Interface, etc. PCIe is the short form of PCI express. PCIe is also used in SSD devices to connect the SSD directly to the mainboard. PCIe provides high speeds which easily exceeds the SATA3 connection.

  PCIe是一種連線標準，旨在將外圍裝置連線到膝上型計算機，伺服器，GPU，網路介面等PC主機板。PCIe是PCI Express的簡寫形式。 PCIe還用於SSD裝置中，以將SSD直接連線到主機板。 PCIe提供了很高的速度，很容易超過SATA3連線。

• NMVe is a similar connection type to the PCIe that was designed specifically for the SSD. NMVe is the short form of Non-Volatile Memory Express. NVMe uses the PCIe interface with some differences which are designed for the SSDs performance for higher IOPS. NMVe interface provides less latency and higher throughput according to SATA like 16 Gbps which is about 2 GB per second. Also with the multiple channels, it can rise to 32 Gbps and 4 GB.

  NMVe是與專門為SSD設計的PCIe相似的連線型別。 NMVe是非易失性記憶體Express的簡稱。 NVMe使用具有某些差異的PCIe介面，這些差異是為提高IOPS的SSD效能而設計的。 根據SATA等16 Gbps(每秒約2 GB)的要求，NMVe介面可提供更少的延遲和更高的吞吐量。 同樣，通過多個通道，它可以上升到32 Gbps和4 GB。

SSD(固態硬碟)尺寸(SSD (Solid State Drive) Form Factors)

SSD form factor specifies the physical size of the SSD drives. As SSD uses NAND chips which are very tiny this makes SSD very flexible about the size and form. In general, the connection or interface type specifies the form factor of the SSD. There is 3 main SSD form factor popular in IT.

SSD外形尺寸指定SSD驅動器的物理大小。 由於SSD使用非常小的NAND晶片，這使SSD在尺寸和形式上非常靈活。 通常，連線或介面型別指定SSD的尺寸。 在IT中流行3種主要的SSD尺寸。

• 2-5 inch form is the same size with a 2.5 HDD in order to be used or replaces with HDD drives. They have generally used SATA2 and SATA3 interfaces and used in Laptops, PC and Servers.

  2-5 inch的尺寸與2.5 HDD相同，以便使用或替換為HDD驅動器。 它們通常使用SATA2和SATA3介面，並用於膝上型電腦，PC和伺服器。

• mSATA form is designed to be used with NVMe and PCIe connection/interface types for restricted space requirements. This form is generally used with ultrathin laptops, Intel NUC systems, mini ITX motherboards, Laptops, PC and servers.

  mSATA表格旨在與NVMe和PCIe連線/介面型別一起使用，以限制空間。 該表格通常用於超薄膝上型電腦，英特爾NUC系統，微型ITX主機板，膝上型電腦，PC和伺服器。

• M2. form factor is designed to be used with NVMe and PCIe interfaces/connections.

  M2. 外形設計用於NVMe和PCIe介面/連線。

選擇合適的SSD(固態驅動器) (Choosing Right SSD (Solid State Drive))

Even SSD drives prices are getting more affordable while buying we have to choose the right SSD for efficiency and cost-effectiveness. We should consider the following issues before selecting the SSD.

甚至在購買SSD硬碟的價格越來越便宜的同時，我們也必須選擇合適的SSD以提高效率和成本效益。 選擇SSD之前，我們應考慮以下問題。

• Usage Purpose is one of the most important things while buying SSD. We should have a reason which will be very efficient with the use of SSD. In order to store photos or videos, SSD usage is not ideal.

  Usage Purpose是購買SSD時最重要的事情之一。 我們應該有一個使用SSD會非常有效的原因。 為了儲存照片或視訊，SSD的使用並不理想。

• Operating System Speed is one of the most important factors in general. We can install the operating system and its files into the SSD which will make our system much faster.

  通常， Operating System Speed是最重要的因素之一。 我們可以將作業系統及其檔案安裝到SSD中，這將使我們的系統更快。

• Applications and Games can be installed into the SSD where they will run faster and response times will be lesser.

  可以將Applications and Games安裝到SSD中，它們將執行得更快，響應時間更短。

• Other files, folder, and data can be a secondary disk drive like HDD or SSHD which is a hybrid HDD with some flash memory and caching mechanism.

  Other檔案，資料夾和資料可以是輔助磁碟驅動器，例如HDD或SSHD，它是具有某些快閃記憶體和快取機制的混合HD​​D。

• Other files, folders, and data can be also stored in the cloud for rare access and only download when required.

  Other檔案，資料夾和資料也可以儲存在雲中，以進行罕見訪問，並且僅在需要時才下載。

如何升級SSD(固態驅動器)(How To Upgrade SSD (Solid State Drive))

After deciding the size of the SSD we need to select the right SSD drive with the proper form factor and interface/connection type. We need to get information about the interface/connection type supported the system we want to add SSD. For example, we can not connect SSD with NMVe into a SATA only system. Or we can not put 2.5 inch SSD into an mSATA form factor area. After these, we can back up or copy the data already stored old disk drive or use some tools provided with the SSD or freely over the internet.

確定SSD的大小後，我們需要選擇具有適當形狀和介面/連線型別的正確SSD驅動器。 我們需要獲取有關要新增SSD的系統所支援的介面/連線型別的資訊。 例如，我們無法將具有NMVe的SSD連線到僅SATA的系統中。 否則我們不能將2.5英寸SSD放入mSATA尺寸區域。 之後，我們可以備份或複製已經儲存在舊磁碟驅動器上的資料，或者使用SSD隨附的某些工具或通過Internet自由地進行備份。

SSD(固態硬碟)的優勢 (SSD (Solid State Drive) Advantages)

SSD provides a lot of advantages according to the standard disk drives like HDD, CD, Floppy Disk.

根據標準磁碟驅動器(如HDD，CD，軟盤)，SSD具有很多優勢。

• Higher Speed: SSD drives the main advantage is the speed they provide. They can provide better read and write speeds according to other disk technologies. This high speed is achieved with higher IOPS simply higher Input Output Per Second.

  Higher Speed ：SSD驅動器的主要優勢是它們提供的速度。 根據其他磁碟技術，它們可以提供更好的讀寫速度。 更高的IOPS就是每秒更高的輸入輸出，從而實現瞭如此高的速度。

• Lower Latency is another performance factor which is the time required to read or write a bunch of data. Lower latency provides agile responses from the SSD to the requestions applications.

  Lower Latency是另一個性能因素，它是讀取或寫入一堆資料所需的時間。 較低的延遲提供了從SSD到請求應用程式的敏捷響應。

• Low Power Consumption is another important advantage of the SSD because of no physical movement or action. SSD works with electrical signals which are at a very low level.

  由於沒有物理移動或動作，因此Low Power Consumption是SSD的另一個重要優勢。 SSD可以處理非常低的電訊號。

• More Stability is provided with SSD’s because of the no moving parts and physical operations. SSD’s do not affect by drop, vibration. Also, NAND technology provides higher stability according to magnetic area technology.

  由於沒有活動部件和物理操作，因此SSD具有More Stability 。 SSD不受跌落，震動的影響。 而且，NAND技術根據磁區技術提供了更高的穩定性。

• Less Space Requirement: SSD’s with the NAND technology can provide higher storage sizes with less space. This will make SSD less space required storage.

  Less Space Requirement ：採用NAND技術的SSD可以以更少的空間提供更大的儲存容量。 這將使SSD減少所需的儲存空間。

SSD(固態硬碟)的缺點 (SSD (Solid State Drive) Disadvantages)

Even SSD provides a lot of superior features according to HDD, CD, Floppy Disk it has some disadvantages according to them.

即使根據HDD，CD，軟盤，SSD也提供了許多優越的功能，但它們也有一些缺點。

• Higher Price: Event with the recent manufacturing advancements the SSD prices are higher than HDD per GB. But this disadvantage is getting disappearing as time goes on with the advancements in SSD manufacturing technology and consumer preferences.

  Higher Price ：隨著最近製造技術的進步，SSD價格高於每GB HDD。 但是隨著時間的推移，隨著SSD製造技術和消費者喜好的發展，這種劣勢正在消失。

• Lesser LifeTime: SSD uses NAND technology where data is read and written over and over again where the NAND chips are used. NAND chips have a little bit less lifetime according to HDD which is not a big disadvantage according to their lifetime.

  Lesser LifeTime ：SSD使用NAND技術，可以在使用NAND晶片的情況下反覆讀寫資料。 根據HDD，NAND晶片的壽命要短一些，就其壽命而言，這並不是一個很大的缺點。

SSD(固態硬碟)效能和基準 (SSD (Solid State Drive) Performance and Benchmarks)

In this part, we will explain the most exciting aspect of the SSD the Performance and Benchmark of SSD drives by comparing it with HDD.

在這一部分中，我們將通過與SSD進行比較來說明SSD最令人興奮的方面，即SSD驅動器的效能和基準。

• Access Time: SSD provides very low access time which is 0.1 ms where HDD access time is about 5.5-8.05 ms.

  Access Time ：SSD提供的訪問時間非常短，僅為0.1毫秒，而硬碟訪問時間約為5.5-8.05毫秒。

• Random I/O Performance: Random I/O is the SSD best features where SSD can process 6000 I/O in a second where HDD can only process up to 400 I/O

  Random I/O Performance ：隨機I / O是SSD的最佳功能，其中SSD可以在一秒鐘內處理6000 I / O，而HDD最多隻能處理400 I / O

• I/O Request Times: SDD I/O request time is about 20ms where HDD is about 400-500 ms.

  I/O Request Times ：SDD I / O請求時間約為20毫秒，其中HDD約為400-500毫秒。

• Typical Backup Time: A typical backup can be completed with SSD in 6 hours wherewith HDD in 20-24 hours.

  Typical Backup Time ：典型的備份可以用SSD在6小時內完成，而HDD可以在20-24小時內完成。

SSD(固態驅動器)與HDD(硬碟驅動器) (SSD (Solid State Drive) vs HDD (Hard Disk Drive))

Let’s make a complete comparison SSD with HDD about all different aspects in a single shot.

讓我們一次性比較SSD和HDD的所有不同方面。

• Power Consumption: SSD power consumption is about 2-3 watts in general where HDD consumes 6-7 watts in general.

  Power Consumption ：SSD功耗通常約為2-3瓦，而HDD功耗通常為6-7瓦。

• Cost: SSD costs $0.20 per gigabyte where HDD costs $0.03 per gigabyte. SSD’s are more expensive than HDD.

  Cost ：SSD成本為每GB 0.20美元，而HDD成本為每GB 0.03美元。 SSD比HDD貴。

• Capacity: SSD capacities start from 50 GB to 4TB where HDD capacities start from 500GB to 10TB in general.

  Capacity ：SSD容量通常從50 GB開始到4TB，而HDD容量從500GB開始到10TB。

• OS Boot Time: Operating system with SSD disk can boot in 10-13 seconds where with HDD the boot takes up 30-40 seconds at least. SSD is very faster than HDD for OS boot time.

  OS Boot Time ：帶有SSD磁碟的作業系統可以在10-13秒內啟動，而使用HDD引導至少需要30-40秒。 SSD的啟動時間比HDD快得多。

• Noise: SSD noise is zero because there is no moving part where HDD can create a lot of noise because of disk spinnings.

  Noise ：SSD噪音為零，因為沒有活動部件，硬碟會因磁碟旋轉而產生大量噪音。

• Vibration: SSD does not have vibration because of no moving parts where HDD can create some vibration because of spinning disk plates.

  Vibration ：由於沒有活動部件，SSD沒有振動，而HDD會由於旋轉的磁碟板而產生一些振動。

• Heat Production: SSD creates so little heat because of no moving parts and low power consumption where HDD produces a little more heat because of moving parts and higher power consumption.

  Heat Production ：由於沒有活動部件和低功耗，SSD產生的熱量很少，而由於活動部件和較高的功耗，HDD產生的熱量更多。

• Failure Rate: SSD means the time between failure is about 2.0 million hours where HDD mean time between failures is 1.5 million hours. This makes SSD more stable.

  Failure Rate ：SSD表示故障間隔時間約為200萬小時，而HDD表示故障間隔時間為150萬小時。 這使SSD更加穩定。

• File Copy/Write Performance: SSD file copy/write can provide 200 MB/s in general which can go up to 500MB/s where HDD file copy/write can provide between 50-200MB/s in general.

  File Copy/Write Performance ：SSD檔案複製/寫入通常可以提供200 MB / s的速度，最高可以達到500MB / s，而HDD檔案複製/寫入通常可以提供50-200MB / s的速度。

• File Open Performance: SSD access time is very low which makes it very fast file opening speed where HDD is slower than SSD for opening files.

  File Open Performance ：SSD的訪問時間非常短，這使得檔案開啟速度非常快，而HDD的開啟速度比SSD慢。

• Encryption: For both SSD and HDD can provide security feature disk encryption in some models.

  Encryption ：在某些型號中，對於SSD和HDD都可以提供安全功能磁碟加密。

• Fragmentation: SSD does not have any fragmentation problem because of its flash technology where HDD can be defragmented which will cause performance and noise problems.

  Fragmentation ：SSD沒有任何碎片化問題，因為它的快閃記憶體技術可對HDD進行碎片整理，這將導致效能和噪音問題。

翻譯自: https://www.poftut.com/what-is-ssd-solid-state-drive/