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24個解決實際問題的ES6程式碼片段(小結)

這是從30 seconds of code中挑出來的非常有用的一些程式碼片段,這是一個非常棒的專案,大家可以去github上去搜索一下,給個star。

在本文中,我試圖根據它們的實際用途對它們進行分類,回答您在專案中可能遇到的常見問題:

1.如何隱藏指定的所有元素?

const hide = (...el) => [...el].forEach(e => (e.style.display = 'none'));

// Example
hide(document.querySelectorAll('img')); // Hides all <img> elements on the page

2.如何檢查元素是否具有指定的類?

const hasClass = (el,className) => el.classList.contains(className);

// Example
hasClass(document.querySelector('p.special'),'special'); // true

3.如何為元素切換類?

const toggleClass = (el,className) => el.classList.toggle(className);

// Example
toggleClass(document.querySelector('p.special'),'special'); 
// The paragraph will not have the 'special' class anymore

這裡使用了classList.toggle()方法

toggle( String [,force] )

當只有一個引數時:切換類值;也就是說,即如果類值存在,則刪除它並返回 false,如果不存在,則新增它並返回 true。
當存在第二個引數時:若第二個引數的執行結果為 true,則新增指定的類值,若執行結果為 false,則刪除它。

4.如何獲取當前頁面的滾動位置?

const getScrollPosition = (el = window) => ({
 x: el.pageXOffset !== undefined ? el.pageXOffset : el.scrollLeft,y: el.pageYOffset !== undefined ? el.pageYOffset : el.scrollTop
});

// Example
getScrollPosition(); // {x: 0,y: 200}

5.如何平滑滾動到頁面頂部?

const scrollToTop = () => {
 const c = document.documentElement.scrollTop || document.body.scrollTop;
 if (c > 0) {
 window.requestAnimationFrame(scrollToTop);
 window.scrollTo(0,c - c / 8);
 }
};

// Example
scrollToTop();

遞迴的方法不斷呼叫使用scrollToTop(),requestAnimationFrame方法告訴瀏覽器——你希望執行一個動畫,並且要求瀏覽器在下次重繪之前呼叫指定的回撥函式更新動畫。它的回撥函式執行次數通常與瀏覽器螢幕重新整理次數相匹配,所以效果會比較平滑。

獲取當前頁面滾動條縱座標的位置:document.body.scrollTop與document.documentElement.scrollTop

獲取當前頁面滾動條橫座標的位置:document.body.scrollLeft與document.documentElement.scrollLeft

6.如何檢查父元素是否包含子元素?

const elementContains = (parent,child) => parent !== child && parent.contains(child);

// Examples
elementContains(document.querySelector('head'),document.querySelector('title')); 
// true
elementContains(document.querySelector('body'),document.querySelector('body')); // false

7.如何檢查指定的元素在視口中是否可見?

const elementIsVisibleInViewport = (el,partiallyVisible = false) => {
 const { top,left,bottom,right } = el.getBoundingClientRect();
 const { innerHeight,innerWidth } = window;
 return partiallyVisible
 ? ((top > 0 && top < innerHeight) || (bottom > 0 && bottom < innerHeight)) &&
  ((left > 0 && left < innerWidth) || (right > 0 && right < innerWidth))
 : top >= 0 && left >= 0 && bottom <= innerHeight && right <= innerWidth;
};

// Examples
elementIsVisibleInViewport(el); // (not fully visible)
elementIsVisibleInViewport(el,true); // (partially visible)

傳入partiallyVisible引數,區分判斷是是部分可見還是全部可見。

Element.getBoundingClientRect()方法返回元素的大小及其相對於視口的位置。

8.如何獲取元素中的所有影象?

const getImages = (el,includeDuplicates = false) => {
 const images = [...el.getElementsByTagName('img')].map(img => img.getAttribute('src'));
 return includeDuplicates ? images : [...new Set(images)];
};

// Examples
getImages(document,true); // ['image1.jpg','image2.png','image1.png','...']
getImages(document,false); // ['image1.jpg','...']

9.如何確定裝置是移動裝置還是桌上型電腦/膝上型電腦?

const detectDeviceType = () =>
 /Android|webOS|iPhone|iPad|iPod|BlackBerry|IEMobile|Opera Mini/i.test(navigator.userAgent)
 ? 'Mobile'
 : 'Desktop';

// Example
detectDeviceType(); // "Mobile" or "Desktop"

10.如何獲取當前URL

const currentURL = () => window.location.href;

// Example
currentURL(); // 'https://google.com'

11.如何建立包含當前URL引數的物件?

const getURLParameters = url =>
 (url.match(/([^?=&]+)(=([^&]*))/g) || []).reduce(
 (a,v) => ((a[v.slice(0,v.indexOf('='))] = v.slice(v.indexOf('=') + 1)),a),{}
 );

// Examples
getURLParameters('http://url.com/page?n=Adam&s=Smith'); // {n: 'Adam',s: 'Smith'}
getURLParameters('google.com'); // {}

12.如何將一組表單元素編碼為物件?

const formToObject = form =>
 Array.from(new FormData(form)).reduce(
 (acc,[key,value]) => ({
  ...acc,[key]: value
 }),{}
 );

// Example
formToObject(document.querySelector('#form')); // { email: '[email protected]',name: 'Test Name' }

Array.from方法用於將兩類物件轉為真正的陣列。類似陣列的物件(array-like object)和可遍歷(iterable)的物件(包括 ES6 新增的資料結構 Set 和 Map)。
reducer 函式接收4個引數:

  • Accumulator (acc) (累計器)
  • Current Value (cur) (當前值)
  • Current Index (idx) (當前索引)
  • Source Array (src) (源陣列)

13.如何從物件中檢索出給定的一組屬性?

const get = (from,...selectors) =>
 [...selectors].map(s =>
 s
  .replace(/\[([^\[\]]*)\]/g,'.$1.')
  .split('.')
  .filter(t => t !== '')
  .reduce((prev,cur) => prev && prev[cur],from)
 );
const obj = { selector: { to: { val: 'val to select' } },target: [1,2,{ a: 'test' }] };

// Example
get(obj,'selector.to.val','target[0]','target[2].a'); // ['val to select',1,'test']

14.延遲呼叫提供的函式(以毫秒為單位)

const delay = (fn,wait,...args) => setTimeout(fn,...args);
delay(
 function(text) {
 console.log(text);
 },1000,'later'
); 

// Logs 'later' after one second.

15.如何在給定元素上觸發特定事件,並可選地傳遞自定義資料?

const triggerEvent = (el,eventType,detail) =>
 el.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent(eventType,{ detail }));

// Examples
triggerEvent(document.getElementById('myId'),'click');
triggerEvent(document.getElementById('myId'),'click',{ username: 'bob' });

構造方法 CustomerEvent() 建立一個新的 CustomEvent 物件。
CustomEvent 事件是由程式建立的,可以有任意自定義功能的事件。

16.如何從元素中移除事件偵聽器?

const off = (el,evt,fn,opts = false) => el.removeEventListener(evt,opts);

const fn = () => console.log('!');
document.body.addEventListener('click',fn);
off(document.body,fn); // no longer logs '!' upon clicking on the page

17.將給定的毫秒數轉換為可讀格式

const formatDuration = ms => {
 if (ms < 0) ms = -ms;
 const time = {
 day: Math.floor(ms / 86400000),hour: Math.floor(ms / 3600000) % 24,minute: Math.floor(ms / 60000) % 60,second: Math.floor(ms / 1000) % 60,millisecond: Math.floor(ms) % 1000
 };
 return Object.entries(time)
 .filter(val => val[1] !== 0)
 .map(([key,val]) => `${val} ${key}${val !== 1 ? 's' : ''}`)
 .join(',');
};

// Examples
formatDuration(1001); // '1 second,1 millisecond'
formatDuration(34325055574); // '397 days,6 hours,44 minutes,15 seconds,574 milliseconds'

18.如何得到兩個日期之間的差異(以天為單位)

const getDaysDiffBetweenDates = (dateInitial,dateFinal) =>
 (dateFinal - dateInitial) / (1000 * 3600 * 24);

// Example
getDaysDiffBetweenDates(new Date('2017-12-13'),new Date('2017-12-22')); // 9

19.如何對傳遞的URL發出GET請求

const httpGet = (url,callback,err = console.error) => {
 const request = new XMLHttpRequest();
 request.open('GET',url,true);
 request.onload = () => callback(request.responseText);
 request.onerror = () => err(request);
 request.send();
};

httpGet(
 'https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/posts/1',console.log
); 

// Logs: {"userId": 1,"id": 1,"title": "sample title","body": "my text"}

20.如何對傳遞的URL發出POST請求?

const httpPost = (url,data,err = console.error) => {
 const request = new XMLHttpRequest();
 request.open('POST',true);
 request.setRequestHeader('Content-type','application/json; charset=utf-8');
 request.onload = () => callback(request.responseText);
 request.onerror = () => err(request);
 request.send(data);
};

const newPost = {
 userId: 1,id: 1337,title: 'Foo',body: 'bar bar bar'
};
const data = JSON.stringify(newPost);
httpPost(
 'https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/posts',"id": 1337,"title": "Foo","body": "bar bar bar"}

21. 如何為指定的選擇器建立具有指定範圍、步驟和持續時間的計數器?

const counter = (selector,start,end,step = 1,duration = 2000) => {
 let current = start,_step = (end - start) * step < 0 ? -step : step,timer = setInterval(() => {
  current += _step;
  document.querySelector(selector).innerHTML = current;
  if (current >= end) document.querySelector(selector).innerHTML = end;
  if (current >= end) clearInterval(timer);
 },Math.abs(Math.floor(duration / (end - start))));
 return timer;
};

// Example
counter('#my-id',5,2000); // Creates a 2-second timer for the element with id="my-id"

22.如何將字串複製到剪貼簿

const copyToClipboard = str => {
 const el = document.createElement('textarea');
 el.value = str;
 el.setAttribute('readonly','');
 el.style.position = 'absolute';
 el.style.left = '-9999px';
 document.body.appendChild(el);
 const selected =
 document.getSelection().rangeCount > 0 ? document.getSelection().getRangeAt(0) : false;
 el.select();
 document.execCommand('copy');
 document.body.removeChild(el);
 if (selected) {
 document.getSelection().removeAllRanges();
 document.getSelection().addRange(selected);
 }
};

// Example
copyToClipboard('Lorem ipsum'); // 'Lorem ipsum' copied to clipboard.

document.getSelection()返回一個 Selection 物件,表示使用者選擇的文字範圍或游標的當前位置。

23.判斷頁面的瀏覽器選項卡是否聚焦

const isBrowserTabFocused = () => !document.hidden;

// Example
isBrowserTabFocused(); // true

24.如果不存在目錄,則如何建立

const fs = require('fs');
const createDirIfNotExists = dir => (!fs.existsSync(dir) ? fs.mkdirSync(dir) : undefined);

// Example
createDirIfNotExists('test'); // creates the directory

以上就是本文的全部內容,希望對大家的學習有所幫助,也希望大家多多支援我們。