24個解決實際問題的ES6程式碼片段(小結)
這是從30 seconds of code中挑出來的非常有用的一些程式碼片段,這是一個非常棒的專案,大家可以去github上去搜索一下,給個star。
在本文中,我試圖根據它們的實際用途對它們進行分類,回答您在專案中可能遇到的常見問題:
1.如何隱藏指定的所有元素?
const hide = (...el) => [...el].forEach(e => (e.style.display = 'none')); // Example hide(document.querySelectorAll('img')); // Hides all <img> elements on the page
2.如何檢查元素是否具有指定的類?
const hasClass = (el,className) => el.classList.contains(className); // Example hasClass(document.querySelector('p.special'),'special'); // true
3.如何為元素切換類?
const toggleClass = (el,className) => el.classList.toggle(className); // Example toggleClass(document.querySelector('p.special'),'special'); // The paragraph will not have the 'special' class anymore
這裡使用了classList.toggle()方法
toggle( String [,force] )
當只有一個引數時:切換類值;也就是說,即如果類值存在,則刪除它並返回 false,如果不存在,則新增它並返回 true。
當存在第二個引數時:若第二個引數的執行結果為 true,則新增指定的類值,若執行結果為 false,則刪除它。
4.如何獲取當前頁面的滾動位置?
const getScrollPosition = (el = window) => ({ x: el.pageXOffset !== undefined ? el.pageXOffset : el.scrollLeft,y: el.pageYOffset !== undefined ? el.pageYOffset : el.scrollTop }); // Example getScrollPosition(); // {x: 0,y: 200}
5.如何平滑滾動到頁面頂部?
const scrollToTop = () => { const c = document.documentElement.scrollTop || document.body.scrollTop; if (c > 0) { window.requestAnimationFrame(scrollToTop); window.scrollTo(0,c - c / 8); } }; // Example scrollToTop();
遞迴的方法不斷呼叫使用scrollToTop(),requestAnimationFrame方法告訴瀏覽器——你希望執行一個動畫,並且要求瀏覽器在下次重繪之前呼叫指定的回撥函式更新動畫。它的回撥函式執行次數通常與瀏覽器螢幕重新整理次數相匹配,所以效果會比較平滑。
獲取當前頁面滾動條縱座標的位置:document.body.scrollTop與document.documentElement.scrollTop
獲取當前頁面滾動條橫座標的位置:document.body.scrollLeft與document.documentElement.scrollLeft
6.如何檢查父元素是否包含子元素?
const elementContains = (parent,child) => parent !== child && parent.contains(child); // Examples elementContains(document.querySelector('head'),document.querySelector('title')); // true elementContains(document.querySelector('body'),document.querySelector('body')); // false
7.如何檢查指定的元素在視口中是否可見?
const elementIsVisibleInViewport = (el,partiallyVisible = false) => { const { top,left,bottom,right } = el.getBoundingClientRect(); const { innerHeight,innerWidth } = window; return partiallyVisible ? ((top > 0 && top < innerHeight) || (bottom > 0 && bottom < innerHeight)) && ((left > 0 && left < innerWidth) || (right > 0 && right < innerWidth)) : top >= 0 && left >= 0 && bottom <= innerHeight && right <= innerWidth; }; // Examples elementIsVisibleInViewport(el); // (not fully visible) elementIsVisibleInViewport(el,true); // (partially visible)
傳入partiallyVisible引數,區分判斷是是部分可見還是全部可見。
Element.getBoundingClientRect()方法返回元素的大小及其相對於視口的位置。
8.如何獲取元素中的所有影象?
const getImages = (el,includeDuplicates = false) => { const images = [...el.getElementsByTagName('img')].map(img => img.getAttribute('src')); return includeDuplicates ? images : [...new Set(images)]; }; // Examples getImages(document,true); // ['image1.jpg','image2.png','image1.png','...'] getImages(document,false); // ['image1.jpg','...']
9.如何確定裝置是移動裝置還是桌上型電腦/膝上型電腦?
const detectDeviceType = () => /Android|webOS|iPhone|iPad|iPod|BlackBerry|IEMobile|Opera Mini/i.test(navigator.userAgent) ? 'Mobile' : 'Desktop'; // Example detectDeviceType(); // "Mobile" or "Desktop"
10.如何獲取當前URL
const currentURL = () => window.location.href; // Example currentURL(); // 'https://google.com'
11.如何建立包含當前URL引數的物件?
const getURLParameters = url => (url.match(/([^?=&]+)(=([^&]*))/g) || []).reduce( (a,v) => ((a[v.slice(0,v.indexOf('='))] = v.slice(v.indexOf('=') + 1)),a),{} ); // Examples getURLParameters('http://url.com/page?n=Adam&s=Smith'); // {n: 'Adam',s: 'Smith'} getURLParameters('google.com'); // {}
12.如何將一組表單元素編碼為物件?
const formToObject = form => Array.from(new FormData(form)).reduce( (acc,[key,value]) => ({ ...acc,[key]: value }),{} ); // Example formToObject(document.querySelector('#form')); // { email: '[email protected]',name: 'Test Name' }
Array.from方法用於將兩類物件轉為真正的陣列。類似陣列的物件(array-like object)和可遍歷(iterable)的物件(包括 ES6 新增的資料結構 Set 和 Map)。
reducer 函式接收4個引數:
- Accumulator (acc) (累計器)
- Current Value (cur) (當前值)
- Current Index (idx) (當前索引)
- Source Array (src) (源陣列)
13.如何從物件中檢索出給定的一組屬性?
const get = (from,...selectors) => [...selectors].map(s => s .replace(/\[([^\[\]]*)\]/g,'.$1.') .split('.') .filter(t => t !== '') .reduce((prev,cur) => prev && prev[cur],from) ); const obj = { selector: { to: { val: 'val to select' } },target: [1,2,{ a: 'test' }] }; // Example get(obj,'selector.to.val','target[0]','target[2].a'); // ['val to select',1,'test']
14.延遲呼叫提供的函式(以毫秒為單位)
const delay = (fn,wait,...args) => setTimeout(fn,...args); delay( function(text) { console.log(text); },1000,'later' ); // Logs 'later' after one second.
15.如何在給定元素上觸發特定事件,並可選地傳遞自定義資料?
const triggerEvent = (el,eventType,detail) => el.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent(eventType,{ detail })); // Examples triggerEvent(document.getElementById('myId'),'click'); triggerEvent(document.getElementById('myId'),'click',{ username: 'bob' });
構造方法 CustomerEvent() 建立一個新的 CustomEvent 物件。
CustomEvent 事件是由程式建立的,可以有任意自定義功能的事件。
16.如何從元素中移除事件偵聽器?
const off = (el,evt,fn,opts = false) => el.removeEventListener(evt,opts); const fn = () => console.log('!'); document.body.addEventListener('click',fn); off(document.body,fn); // no longer logs '!' upon clicking on the page
17.將給定的毫秒數轉換為可讀格式
const formatDuration = ms => { if (ms < 0) ms = -ms; const time = { day: Math.floor(ms / 86400000),hour: Math.floor(ms / 3600000) % 24,minute: Math.floor(ms / 60000) % 60,second: Math.floor(ms / 1000) % 60,millisecond: Math.floor(ms) % 1000 }; return Object.entries(time) .filter(val => val[1] !== 0) .map(([key,val]) => `${val} ${key}${val !== 1 ? 's' : ''}`) .join(','); }; // Examples formatDuration(1001); // '1 second,1 millisecond' formatDuration(34325055574); // '397 days,6 hours,44 minutes,15 seconds,574 milliseconds'
18.如何得到兩個日期之間的差異(以天為單位)
const getDaysDiffBetweenDates = (dateInitial,dateFinal) => (dateFinal - dateInitial) / (1000 * 3600 * 24); // Example getDaysDiffBetweenDates(new Date('2017-12-13'),new Date('2017-12-22')); // 9
19.如何對傳遞的URL發出GET請求
const httpGet = (url,callback,err = console.error) => { const request = new XMLHttpRequest(); request.open('GET',url,true); request.onload = () => callback(request.responseText); request.onerror = () => err(request); request.send(); }; httpGet( 'https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/posts/1',console.log ); // Logs: {"userId": 1,"id": 1,"title": "sample title","body": "my text"}
20.如何對傳遞的URL發出POST請求?
const httpPost = (url,data,err = console.error) => { const request = new XMLHttpRequest(); request.open('POST',true); request.setRequestHeader('Content-type','application/json; charset=utf-8'); request.onload = () => callback(request.responseText); request.onerror = () => err(request); request.send(data); }; const newPost = { userId: 1,id: 1337,title: 'Foo',body: 'bar bar bar' }; const data = JSON.stringify(newPost); httpPost( 'https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/posts',"id": 1337,"title": "Foo","body": "bar bar bar"}
21. 如何為指定的選擇器建立具有指定範圍、步驟和持續時間的計數器?
const counter = (selector,start,end,step = 1,duration = 2000) => { let current = start,_step = (end - start) * step < 0 ? -step : step,timer = setInterval(() => { current += _step; document.querySelector(selector).innerHTML = current; if (current >= end) document.querySelector(selector).innerHTML = end; if (current >= end) clearInterval(timer); },Math.abs(Math.floor(duration / (end - start)))); return timer; }; // Example counter('#my-id',5,2000); // Creates a 2-second timer for the element with id="my-id"
22.如何將字串複製到剪貼簿
const copyToClipboard = str => { const el = document.createElement('textarea'); el.value = str; el.setAttribute('readonly',''); el.style.position = 'absolute'; el.style.left = '-9999px'; document.body.appendChild(el); const selected = document.getSelection().rangeCount > 0 ? document.getSelection().getRangeAt(0) : false; el.select(); document.execCommand('copy'); document.body.removeChild(el); if (selected) { document.getSelection().removeAllRanges(); document.getSelection().addRange(selected); } }; // Example copyToClipboard('Lorem ipsum'); // 'Lorem ipsum' copied to clipboard.
document.getSelection()返回一個 Selection 物件,表示使用者選擇的文字範圍或游標的當前位置。
23.判斷頁面的瀏覽器選項卡是否聚焦
const isBrowserTabFocused = () => !document.hidden; // Example isBrowserTabFocused(); // true
24.如果不存在目錄,則如何建立
const fs = require('fs'); const createDirIfNotExists = dir => (!fs.existsSync(dir) ? fs.mkdirSync(dir) : undefined); // Example createDirIfNotExists('test'); // creates the directory
以上就是本文的全部內容,希望對大家的學習有所幫助,也希望大家多多支援我們。