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Python基於callable函式檢測物件是否可被呼叫

英文文件:

callable(object)

  Return True if the object argument appears callable,False if not. If this returns true,it is still possible that a call fails,but if it is false,calling object will never succeed. Note that classes are callable (calling a class returns a new instance); instances are callable if their class has a __call__() method.

  檢測物件是否可被呼叫

說明:

  1. 方法用來檢測物件是否可被呼叫,可被呼叫指的是物件能否使用()括號的方法呼叫。

>>> callable(callable)
True
>>> callable(1)
False
>>> 1()
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<pyshell#5>",line 1,in <module>
1()
TypeError: 'int' object is not callable
>>>

  2. 可呼叫物件,在實際呼叫也可能呼叫失敗;但是不可呼叫物件,呼叫肯定不成功。

  3. 類物件都是可被呼叫物件,類的例項物件是否可呼叫物件,取決於類是否定義了__call__方法。

>>> class A: #定義類A
  pass

>>> callable(A) #類A是可呼叫物件
True
>>> a = A() #呼叫類A
>>> callable(a) #例項a不可呼叫
False
>>> a() #呼叫例項a失敗
Traceback (most recent call last):
 File "<pyshell#31>",in <module>
  a()
TypeError: 'A' object is not callable


>>> class B: #定義類B
  def __call__(self):
    print('instances are callable now.')

    
>>> callable(B) #類B是可呼叫物件
True
>>> b = B() #呼叫類B
>>> callable(b) #例項b是可呼叫物件
True
>>> b() #呼叫例項b成功
instances are callable now.

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