1. 程式人生 > 資料庫 >MySQL檢視與修改字符集的方法例項教程

MySQL檢視與修改字符集的方法例項教程

一、檢視字符集

1.檢視MYSQL資料庫伺服器和資料庫字符集

方法一:show variables like '%character%';

方法二:show variables like 'collation%';

mysql> show variables like '%character%';
+--------------------------+--------------------------------------+
| Variable_name   | Value        |
+--------------------------+--------------------------------------+
| character_set_client  | utf8         |
| character_set_connection | utf8         |
| character_set_database | utf8         |
| character_set_filesystem | binary        |
| character_set_results | utf8         |
| character_set_server  | utf8         |
| character_set_system  | utf8         |
| character_sets_dir  | /usr/local/mysql5535/share/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+--------------------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

方法一:
mysql> show variables like 'collation%';
+----------------------+-----------------+
| Variable_name  | Value   |
+----------------------+-----------------+
| collation_connection | utf8_general_ci |
| collation_database | utf8_general_ci |
| collation_server  | utf8_general_ci |
+----------------------+-----------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

方法二:

2.檢視MYSQL所支援的字符集

show charset;

mysql> show charset;
+----------+-----------------------------+---------------------+--------+
| Charset | Description     | Default collation | Maxlen |
+----------+-----------------------------+---------------------+--------+
| big5  | Big5 Traditional Chinese | big5_chinese_ci  |  2 |
| dec8  | DEC West European   | dec8_swedish_ci  |  1 |
| cp850 | DOS West European   | cp850_general_ci |  1 |
| hp8  | HP West European   | hp8_english_ci  |  1 |
| koi8r | KOI8-R Relcom Russian  | koi8r_general_ci |  1 |
| latin1 | cp1252 West European  | latin1_swedish_ci |  1 |
| latin2 | ISO 8859-2 Central European | latin2_general_ci |  1 |
| swe7  | 7bit Swedish    | swe7_swedish_ci  |  1 |
| ascii | US ASCII     | ascii_general_ci |  1 |
| ujis  | EUC-JP Japanese    | ujis_japanese_ci |  3 |
| sjis  | Shift-JIS Japanese   | sjis_japanese_ci |  2 |
| hebrew | ISO 8859-8 Hebrew   | hebrew_general_ci |  1 |
| tis620 | TIS620 Thai     | tis620_thai_ci  |  1 |
| euckr | EUC-KR Korean    | euckr_korean_ci  |  2 |
| koi8u | KOI8-U Ukrainian   | koi8u_general_ci |  1 |
| gb2312 | GB2312 Simplified Chinese | gb2312_chinese_ci |  2 |
| greek | ISO 8859-7 Greek   | greek_general_ci |  1 |
| cp1250 | Windows Central European | cp1250_general_ci |  1 |
| gbk  | GBK Simplified Chinese  | gbk_chinese_ci  |  2 |
| latin5 | ISO 8859-9 Turkish   | latin5_turkish_ci |  1 |
| armscii8 | ARMSCII-8 Armenian   | armscii8_general_ci |  1 |
| utf8  | UTF-8 Unicode    | utf8_general_ci  |  3 |
| ucs2  | UCS-2 Unicode    | ucs2_general_ci  |  2 |
| cp866 | DOS Russian     | cp866_general_ci |  1 |
| keybcs2 | DOS Kamenicky Czech-Slovak | keybcs2_general_ci |  1 |
| macce | Mac Central European  | macce_general_ci |  1 |
| macroman | Mac West European   | macroman_general_ci |  1 |
| cp852 | DOS Central European  | cp852_general_ci |  1 |
| latin7 | ISO 8859-13 Baltic   | latin7_general_ci |  1 |
| utf8mb4 | UTF-8 Unicode    | utf8mb4_general_ci |  4 |
| cp1251 | Windows Cyrillic   | cp1251_general_ci |  1 |
| utf16 | UTF-16 Unicode    | utf16_general_ci |  4 |
| cp1256 | Windows Arabic    | cp1256_general_ci |  1 |
| cp1257 | Windows Baltic    | cp1257_general_ci |  1 |
| utf32 | UTF-32 Unicode    | utf32_general_ci |  4 |
| binary | Binary pseudo charset  | binary    |  1 |
| geostd8 | GEOSTD8 Georgian   | geostd8_general_ci |  1 |
| cp932 | SJIS for Windows Japanese | cp932_japanese_ci |  2 |
| eucjpms | UJIS for Windows Japanese | eucjpms_japanese_ci |  3 |
+----------+-----------------------------+---------------------+--------+
39 rows in set (0.00 sec)

檢視MYSQL所支援的字符集

3.檢視庫的字符集

語法:show database status from 庫名 like 表名;

mysql> show create database shiyan\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
  Database: shiyan
Create Database: CREATE DATABASE `shiyan` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET gbk */
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

4.查看錶的字符集

語法:show table status from 庫名 like 表名;

mysql> show table status from class_7 like 'test_info';

mysql> show table status from class_7 like 'test_info';
+-----------+--------+---------+------------+------+----------------+-------------------------+-------------+------------+-----------------+----------+-
| Name  | Engine | Version | Row_format | Rows | Avg_row_length | Data_leate_time   | Update_time | Check_time | Collation  | Checksum | 
+-----------+--------+---------+------------+------+----------------+-------------------------+-------------+------------+-----------------+----------+-
| test_info | InnoDB |  10 | Compact | 10 |   1638 |  17-12-05 19:01:55 | NULL  | NULL  | utf8_general_ci |  NULL | 
+-----------+--------+---------+------------+------+----------------+-------------------------+-------------+------------+-----------------+----------+-
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

查看錶的字符集

5.查看錶中所有列的字符集

語法:show full columns from 表名;

mysql> show full columns from test_info;

mysql> show full columns from test_info;
+-------+----------+-----------------+------+-----+---------+-------+---------------------------------+---------+
| Field | Type  | Collation  | Null | Key | Default | Extra | Privileges      | Comment |
+-------+----------+-----------------+------+-----+---------+-------+---------------------------------+---------+
| id | int(3) | NULL   | NO | PRI | NULL |  | select,insert,update,references |   |
| name | char(12) | utf8_general_ci | YES |  | NULL |  | select,references |   |
| dorm | char(10) | utf8_general_ci | YES |  | NULL |  | select,references |   |
| addr | char(12) | utf8_general_ci | YES |  | 未知 |  | select,references |   |
| score | int(3) | NULL   | YES |  | NULL |  | select,references |   |
+-------+----------+-----------------+------+-----+---------+-------+---------------------------------+---------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

所有列的字符集

二、設定字符集

設定字符集一般有兩種方法,一種是在建立表的時候設定字符集,另一種是表建成之後修改字符集。

1.建立時指定字符集

建立庫的時候指定字符集:

語法:create database 庫名 default character set=字符集;

create database db2 default character set=utf8

建立表的時候指定字符集:

語法:create table 表名(屬性)default character set = 字符集;

mysql> create table test1(id int(6),name char(10)) default character set = 'gbk';
Query OK,0 rows affected (0.39 sec)

2.修改字符集

修改全域性字符集

/*建立連線使用的編碼*/
set character_set_connection=utf8;
/*資料庫的編碼*/
set character_set_database=utf8;
/*結果集的編碼*/
set character_set_results=utf8;
/*資料庫伺服器的編碼*/
set character_set_server=utf8;

set character_set_system=utf8;

set collation_connection=utf8;

set collation_database=utf8;

set collation_server=utf8;

修改全域性字符集

修改庫的字符集

語法:alter database 庫名 default character set 字符集;

alter database shiyan default character set gbk;

mysql> show create database shiyan\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
  Database: shiyan
Create Database: CREATE DATABASE `shiyan` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 */
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> alter database shiyan default character set gbk;
Query OK,1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> show create database shiyan\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
  Database: shiyan
Create Database: CREATE DATABASE `shiyan` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET gbk */
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

修改表的字符集

語法:alter table 表名 convert to character set 字符集;

alter table test1 convert to character set utf8;

mysql> show create table test1\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
  Table: test1
Create Table: CREATE TABLE `test1` (
 `id` int(6) DEFAULT NULL,`name` char(10) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=gbk #原字符集
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> alter table test1 convert to character set utf8;
Query OK,0 rows affected (0.58 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0

mysql> show create table test1\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
  Table: test1
Create Table: CREATE TABLE `test1` (
 `id` int(6) DEFAULT NULL,`name` char(10) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 #修改後的字符集
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

修改列表的字符集

修改欄位的字符集

語法:alter table 表名 modify 欄位名 欄位屬性 character set gbk;

alter table test1 modify name char(10) character set gbk;

mysql> show full columns from test1;
+-------+----------+-----------------+------+-----+---------+-------+---------------------------------+---------+
| Field | Type  | Collation  | Null | Key | Default | Extra | Privileges      | Comment |
+-------+----------+-----------------+------+-----+---------+-------+---------------------------------+---------+
| id | int(6) | NULL   | YES |  | NULL |  | select,references |   |
| name | char(10) | utf8_general_ci | YES |  | NULL |  | select,references |   |
+-------+----------+-----------------+------+-----+---------+-------+---------------------------------+---------+
2 rows in set (0.01 sec)

mysql> alter table test1 modify name char(10) character set gbk;
Query OK,0 rows affected (0.58 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0

mysql> show full columns from test1;
+-------+----------+----------------+------+-----+---------+-------+---------------------------------+---------+
| Field | Type  | Collation  | Null | Key | Default | Extra | Privileges      | Comment |
+-------+----------+----------------+------+-----+---------+-------+---------------------------------+---------+
| id | int(6) | NULL   | YES |  | NULL |  | select,references |   |
| name | char(10) | gbk_chinese_ci | YES |  | NULL |  | select,references |   |
+-------+----------+----------------+------+-----+---------+-------+---------------------------------+---------+
2 rows in set (0.01 sec)

修改欄位的字符集

總結

到此這篇關於MySQL檢視與修改字符集的文章就介紹到這了,更多相關MySQL檢視與修改字符集內容請搜尋我們以前的文章或繼續瀏覽下面的相關文章希望大家以後多多支援我們!