Linux ALSA音訊庫(二) 環境測試+音訊合成+語音切換 專案程式碼分享
阿新 • • 發佈：2020-10-18
1. 環境測試
alsa_test.c
#include <alsa/asoundlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
// 官方測試程式碼， 執行後只要有一堆資訊打印出來，即說明安裝成功了。
int main()
{
int val;
printf("ALSA library version: %s\n",
SND_LIB_VERSION_STR);
printf("\nPCM stream types:\n");
for (val = 0; val <= SND_PCM_STREAM_LAST; val++)
printf(
makefile：
.PHONY : rebuild clean
CC:= mips-linux-gnu-gcc
TARGET:= alsa_test.out
OBJS:= alsa_test.o
INCLUDE += -I/usr/local/open_lib/include
LIBS += -lpthread -L/usr/local/open_lib/lib -lasound
$(TARGET) :$(OBJS)
$(CC) $(LIBS) $^ -o $@
$(OBJS):%.o:%.c
$(CC) $(INCLUDE) -c $^ -o $@
echo $(OBJS)
clean:
$(RM) $(OBJS)
$(RM) $(TARGET)
@echo "clean"
rebuild : clean $(TARGET)
@echo "rebuild"
官方測試程式碼， 執行後只要有一堆資訊打印出來，即說明安裝成功了。
2. 音訊合成+語音切換 功能使用，單執行緒，不考慮多執行緒場景。
alsa_test.c
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <alsa/asoundlib.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
static char * name;
struct wav_header
{
char rld[4]; //riff 標誌符號
int rLen;
char wld[4]; //格式型別（wave）
char fld[4]; //"fmt"
int fLen; //sizeof(wave format matex)
short wFormatTag; //編碼格式
short wChannels; //聲道數
int nSamplesPersec ; //取樣頻率
int nAvgBitsPerSample;//WAVE檔案取樣大小
short wBlockAlign; //塊對齊
short wBitsPerSample; //WAVE檔案取樣大小
char dld[4]; //”data“
int wSampleLength; //音訊資料的大小
} wav_header, wav_header1, wav_header2, wav_header3;
static pthread_mutex_t mutex; // 等待停止
static pthread_mutex_t mutex_play; // 開啟播放
snd_pcm_t* handle; //PCI裝置控制代碼
static char * path1;
static char * path2;
static pthread_t id;
static char g_stop=0;
static int lock = 0;
int set_pcm_play(const char* path1, const char* path2, const char* path3);
int wait_stop_play(void);
/**** 立即關閉播放的方法 ****
if(handle!=NULL)
{
g_stop=1;
snd_pcm_drop(handle);
}
**** ****/
#if 0
int main(void)
{
system("stty -icanon");
handle = NULL;
set_pcm_play("/etc/door_sound/201.wav", "/etc/door_sound/203.wav", "/etc/door_sound/201.wav");
printf("-----OVER11111111111111----\n\n");
set_pcm_play("/etc/door_sound/201.wav", NULL, NULL);
set_pcm_play("/etc/door_sound/203.wav", NULL, NULL);
set_pcm_play("/etc/door_sound/201.wav", NULL, NULL);
printf("-----OVER222222222222-------\n\n");
sleep(3);
#if 0 // 存在的問題：set_pcm_play兩句話， 前面一句話叫得很快 ， 後面正常
set_pcm_play("/etc/door_sound/201.wav", "/etc/door_sound/203.wav", NULL);
set_pcm_play("/etc/door_sound/201.wav", "/etc/door_sound/203.wav", NULL);
set_pcm_play(NULL, NULL, "/etc/door_sound/203.wav"); // 這句話沒有播放
printf("-----OVER333333333333-------\n\n");
#else
set_pcm_play("/etc/door_sound/201.wav", "/etc/door_sound/203.wav", NULL);
set_pcm_play("/etc/door_sound/201.wav", "/etc/door_sound/203.wav", NULL);
set_pcm_play("/etc/door_sound/203.wav", NULL, NULL);
printf("-----OVER333333333333-------\n\n");
#endif
//set_pcm_play("/TG/sound/333.wav", "/TG/sound/333.wav", "/TG/sound/333.wav");
// set_pcm_play("/TG/sound/1.wav", NULL, NULL);
return 0;
}
#else
pthread_t Handle_stop_sound_thread;
void *stop_sound_thread(void *arg)
{
sleep(2);
if(handle!=NULL)
{
printf("即將關閉當前語音流A \n");
g_stop=1;
// snd_pcm_drop(handle); 不要立即關停。 因為這會導致當前正在執行snd_pcm_writei()寫入出錯。置位一個標誌g_stop已經足夠。
}
return NULL;
}
/* ALSA使用教程
** Demo演示
** LMW
** 2020 - 07 -xx
**使用了下alsa實現各語音提取合併(語音流A最多由三個wav檔案合成) 、以及切換語音播報(關閉當前語音流A轉而播報語音流B這樣)、
**
**/
int main(void)
{
system("stty -icanon");
handle = NULL;
//這裡新建個執行緒，延時2秒後關閉當前的語音播放
if(pthread_create(&Handle_stop_sound_thread, NULL, stop_sound_thread, NULL))
{
perror("Create stop_sound_thread Err ");
}
else
{
pthread_detach(Handle_stop_sound_thread);
}
//這裡搞個遠大於2秒的語音播報
printf("-準備播報語音流A..\n");
set_pcm_play("/etc/door_sound/254.wav", "/etc/door_sound/203.wav", "/etc/door_sound/201.wav");
printf("-已關閉(中止)當前語音流A！\n\n");
//sleep(3);
printf("-準備播報語音流B..\n");
set_pcm_play("/etc/door_sound/254.wav", "/etc/door_sound/203.wav", "/etc/door_sound/201.wav");
printf("-語音流B順利執行完畢！\n\n");
//sleep(3);
printf("-準備播報語音流C..\n");
set_pcm_play("/etc/door_sound/254.wav", "/etc/door_sound/254.wav", "/etc/door_sound/254.wav");
printf("-語音流C順利執行完畢！\n\n");
return 0;
}
#endif
int para_common_set(int channels, int frequency, \
int bit, int datablock, snd_pcm_uframes_t *pframes)
{
int size = 0, dir=0;;
snd_pcm_hw_params_t* params; //硬體資訊和PCM流配置
unsigned int val;
int ret;
// 如果要做多執行緒處理，這裡應該維護一個計數器cnt，使用mutex來保護該計數器
// 開啟音訊裝置時，只有第一次開啟才執行snd_pcm_open，以後則只是cnt++
// 同理，關閉裝置時，執行計數器--操作，直到計數器減為0,才執行snd_pcm_close真正將裝置關閉
//因為我的程式並不涉及多執行緒操作音訊裝置，所以不做上述處理
//單執行緒處理，這樣夠了：使用lock，確保該函式多次呼叫，只打開一次裝置。
if(!lock)
{
lock = 1; //snd_pcm_close()內會清零該lock，以便下次再開啟裝置
ret= snd_pcm_open(&handle, "default", \
SND_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK, 0);
if(ret<0)
{
printf("open PCM device failed\n");
}
}
snd_pcm_hw_params_alloca(¶ms); //分配params結構體
ret= snd_pcm_hw_params_any(handle, params);//初始化params
if(ret<0)
{
printf("snd_pcm_hw_params_any err\n");
}
ret= snd_pcm_hw_params_set_access(handle, params, \
SND_PCM_ACCESS_RW_INTERLEAVED); //初始化訪問許可權
if(ret<0)
{
printf("sed_pcm_hw_set_access err\n");
}
//取樣位數
switch(bit/8)
{
case 1:snd_pcm_hw_params_set_format(handle, params,\
SND_PCM_FORMAT_U8);
break ;
case 2:snd_pcm_hw_params_set_format(handle, params,\
SND_PCM_FORMAT_S16_LE);
break ;
case 3:snd_pcm_hw_params_set_format(handle, params,\
SND_PCM_FORMAT_S24_LE);
break ;
default:
printf("default \n");
break;
}
ret= snd_pcm_hw_params_set_channels(handle, params, \
channels); //設定聲道,1表示單聲>道，2表示立體聲
if(ret<0)
{
printf("snd_pcm_hw_params_set_channels err\n");
}
val = frequency;
ret= snd_pcm_hw_params_set_rate_near(handle, params, \
&val, &dir); //設定>頻率
if(ret<0)
{
printf("snd_pcm_hw_params_set_rate_near err\n");
}
ret = snd_pcm_hw_params(handle, params);
if(ret<0)
{
printf("snd_pcm_hw_params err \n");
}
ret=snd_pcm_hw_params_get_period_size(params, pframes, \
&dir); /*獲取週期長度*/
if(ret<0)
{
printf("snd_pcm_hw_params_get_period_size err\n");
}
// 一個數據塊，一個數據塊，依次讀取。
size = (*pframes) * datablock; /*代表資料塊長度*/
printf("--malloc(size), size = %d \n",size);
return size;
}
#define max_num 5
struct wav_file_info {
FILE* fp;
int size;
snd_pcm_uframes_t frames;
short channels;
int frequency;
short bit;
short datablock;
}wavinfo[max_num];
/*
path1 = malloc(50);
path2 = malloc(50);
sprintf(path1,"/TG/sound/%d.wav", 1);
sprintf(path2,"/TG/sound/%d.wav", 2);
*/
//void Get_fp_and_wavheader(const char* path, FILE **pfp, struct wav_header* phead_info)
FILE * Get_fp_and_wavheader(const char* path, struct wav_header* phead_info)
{
if(NULL != path) {
printf("path = %s \n", path);
FILE *fp=fopen(path,"rb");
if(NULL==fp)
{
printf("open wav failed:\n");
return NULL;
}
printf("fp = %p \n", fp);
fread(phead_info, 1, sizeof(struct wav_header),fp);
return fp;
/*
printf("檔案大小rLen: %d\n", phead_info->rLen);
printf("聲道數： %d\n", phead_info->wChannels);
printf("取樣頻率： %d\n", phead_info->nSamplesPersec);
printf("取樣的位數: %d\n", phead_info->wBitsPerSample);
printf("wSampleLength=%d\n", phead_info->wSampleLength);
*/
}
}
// 對fopen的理解：
// 即使3次fopen同一個檔案，也不要緊，會返回3個不同的fp，但是指向同一個檔案.
int set_pcm_play(const char* path1, const char* path2, const char* path3)
{
int ret;
unsigned int size = 0;
unsigned int size1 = 0, size2 = 0, size3 = 0;
int num=0;
int dir=0;
snd_pcm_uframes_t frames, frames1, frames2, frames3;
char *buffer;
int channels;
int frequency;
int bit;
int datablock;
FILE *fp1 = NULL, *fp2 = NULL, *fp3 = NULL;
FILE* fpCur[max_num] = {0};
const char* file_paths[3] = {0};
file_paths[0] = path1;
file_paths[1] = path2;
file_paths[2] = path3;
if(NULL != path3) {
fp3 = Get_fp_and_wavheader(path3, &wav_header3);
if(fp3 != NULL) {
channels = wav_header3.wChannels;
frequency= wav_header3.nSamplesPersec;
bit = wav_header3.wBitsPerSample;
datablock= wav_header3.wBlockAlign;
#if 0
printf("fp3 datablock: %d\n", datablock);
printf("聲道數： %d\n", channels);
printf("取樣頻率： %d\n", frequency);
printf("取樣的位數: %d\n", bit);
printf("wSampleLength=%d\n\n\n", wav_header3.wSampleLength);
#endif
wavinfo[2].channels = channels;
wavinfo[2].frequency = frequency;
wavinfo[2].bit = bit;
wavinfo[2].datablock = datablock;
size3 = para_common_set(channels, frequency, bit, datablock, &frames3);
//獲取各自的rames。
wavinfo[2].size = size3;
wavinfo[2].frames = frames3;
}
}
if(NULL != path2) {
fp2 = Get_fp_and_wavheader(path2, &wav_header2);
if(fp2 != NULL) {
channels = wav_header2.wChannels;
frequency= wav_header2.nSamplesPersec;
bit = wav_header2.wBitsPerSample;
datablock= wav_header2.wBlockAlign;
#if 0
printf("fp2 datablock: %d\n", datablock);
printf("聲道數： %d\n", channels);
printf("取樣頻率： %d\n", frequency);
printf("取樣的位數: %d\n", bit);
printf("wSampleLength=%d\n\n\n", wav_header2.wSampleLength);
#endif
wavinfo[1].channels = channels;
wavinfo[1].frequency = frequency;
wavinfo[1].bit = bit;
wavinfo[1].datablock = datablock;
size2 = para_common_set(channels, frequency, bit, datablock, &frames2);
//獲取各自的rames。
wavinfo[1].size = size2;
wavinfo[1].frames = frames2;
}
}
if(NULL != path1) {
#if 1
// 對fopen的理解：
// 即使3次fopen同一個檔案，也不要緊，會返回3個不同的fp，但是指向同一個檔案.
fp1 = Get_fp_and_wavheader(path1, &wav_header1);
#else
char *path111 = malloc(50);
sprintf(path111,"/TG/sound/%d.wav", 1);
fp1=fopen(path111,"rb");
if(fp1==NULL)
{
printf("open wav1 failed:\n");
return -1;
}
fread(&wav_header1,1,sizeof(wav_header1),fp1);
#endif
// 實際上給入的每個音訊檔案的取樣率啥的都是一樣的，但是每個音訊檔案的大小可能不一樣，
// 所以需要單獨針對每個音訊檔案設定這裡，獲取各自的frames。
if(fp1 != NULL) {
printf("fp1 = %p \n", fp1);
channels = wav_header1.wChannels;
frequency= wav_header1.nSamplesPersec;
bit = wav_header1.wBitsPerSample;
datablock= wav_header1.wBlockAlign;
#if 0
printf("fp1 datablock: %d\n", datablock);
printf("聲道數： %d\n", channels);
printf("取樣頻率： %d\n", frequency);
printf("取樣的位數: %d\n", bit);
printf("wSampleLength=%d\n\n\n", wav_header1.wSampleLength);
#endif
wavinfo[0].channels = channels;
wavinfo[0].frequency = frequency;
wavinfo[0].bit = bit;
wavinfo[0].datablock = datablock;
size1 = para_common_set(channels, frequency, bit, datablock, &frames1);
//獲取各自的rames。
wavinfo[0].size = size1;
wavinfo[0].frames = frames1;
// printf("size1 = %d \n",size1);
// printf("wavinfo[0].size = %d \n", wavinfo[0].size);
}
}
wavinfo[0].fp = fp1;
wavinfo[1].fp = fp2;
wavinfo[2].fp = fp3;
#if 0
printf("wavinfo[0].fp = %d \n", wavinfo[0].fp);
printf("fp1 = %d \n", fp1);
#endif
if(size1 > size2) {
size = size1;
}
else {
size = size2;
}
if(size > size3) {
}
else {
size = size3;
}
printf("size = %d \n", size);
buffer = (char*)malloc(size);
#if 1
// fseek(fp1, 58, SEEK_SET);
//printf("wavinfo[0].fp = %d \n", wavinfo[0].fp);
//printf("fp1 = %d \n", fp1);
if(wavinfo[0].fp) {
fseek(wavinfo[0].fp, 44, SEEK_SET); //定位歌曲到資料區
}
if(wavinfo[1].fp) {
printf("--2 \n");
fseek(wavinfo[1].fp, 44, SEEK_SET); //定位歌曲到資料區
}
if(wavinfo[2].fp) {
printf("--3 \n");
fseek(wavinfo[2].fp, 44, SEEK_SET); //定位歌曲到資料區
}
#endif
int index = 0;
// printf("-wavinfo[0].fp = %d \n", wavinfo[0].fp);
// printf("-wavinfo[1].fp = %d \n", wavinfo[1].fp);
// printf("-wavinfo[2].fp = %d \n", wavinfo[2].fp);
while ((g_stop == 0) && (wavinfo[index].fp))
{
num++;
memset(buffer, 0x00, size);
if(wavinfo[index].fp) {
// 一個數據塊，一個數據塊，依次讀取。
ret = fread(buffer, 1, wavinfo[index].size, wavinfo[index].fp);
if(ret == 0) {
printf("曲目讀取 end\n");
fclose(wavinfo[index].fp);
wavinfo[index].fp = NULL;
index++;
continue;
//printf("--not reached here \n");
}
else if (ret != size) {
printf("left: read %d bytes\n", ret);
}
//printf("-play %d\n", ret);
// 寫音訊資料到PCM裝置
//struct timeval time1,time2;
//gettimeofday(&time1,NULL);
ret = snd_pcm_writei(handle, buffer, wavinfo[index].frames);
//snd_pcm_prepare(handle);
//gettimeofday(&time2,NULL);
//printf("time=%d\n", \
(time2.tv_sec-time1.tv_sec)*1000000+time2.tv_usec-time1.tv_usec);
if (ret == -EPIPE)
{
printf("underrun occurred\n");
//完成硬體引數設定，使裝置準備好
snd_pcm_prepare(handle); // 繼續
}
else if (ret < 0)
{
printf("error from writei: %s\n",snd_strerror(ret));
}
else if (ret != (int)wavinfo[index].frames)
{
printf("short write, write %d frames\n", ret);
}
}
}
snd_pcm_drain(handle); // 清空pcm內部音訊資料流快取
snd_pcm_drop(handle); // 暫停
int i=0;
for(i=0; i<max_num; i++)
{
if(wavinfo[i].fp)
fclose(wavinfo[i].fp);
}
lock = 0;
snd_pcm_close(handle);
free(buffer);
handle = NULL;
g_stop=0;
return 0;
}
makefile：
.PHONY : rebuild clean
CC:= mips-linux-gnu-gcc
TARGET:= alsa_test.out
OBJS:= alsa_test.o
# 老舊知識點： -I -L -l 詳解
#-I /home/hello/include 表示將/home/hello/include目錄作為第一個尋找標頭檔案的目錄
#-L /home/hello/lib 表示將/home/hello/lib目錄作為第一個尋找庫檔案的目錄
#-lworld 表示在上面的lib的路徑中尋找libworld.so動態庫檔案（如果gcc編譯選項中加入了“-static”表示尋找libworld.a靜態庫檔案）
INCLUDE += -I /usr/local/open_lib/include
LIBS += -lpthread -L/usr/local/open_lib/lib -lasound
$(TARGET) :$(OBJS)
$(CC) $(LIBS) $^ -o $@
$(OBJS):%.o:%.c
$(CC) $(INCLUDE) -c $^ -o $@
echo $(OBJS)
clean:
$(RM) $(OBJS)
$(RM) $(TARGET)
@echo "clean"
rebuild : clean $(TARGET)
@echo "rebuild"
本例子在專案中，功能使用良好。
.