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Q1：問題回覆正確確認了試驗中的自變數和因變數。

• Please note that an independent variable, sometimes called an experimental or predictor variable, is a variable that is being manipulated in an experiment in order to observe the effect on a dependent variable, sometimes called an outcome variable.
• We are taking control of the word color congruency condition and observe the time taken for each individual to name the ink color.

Q2a：零假設和對立假設均以文字和數學方式進行了明確說明。數學陳述中的符號也進行了定義。

Please consider to refer the mathematical symbols to the population means explicitly.

• A hypothesis test is a statistical test that is used to determine whether there is enough evidence in a sample of data to infer that a certain condition is true for the entire population.
• A hypothesis test examines two opposing hypotheses about a population: the null hypothesis and the alternative hypothesis. The null hypothesis is the statement being tested. Usually the null hypothesis is a statement of "no effect" or "no difference". The alternative hypothesis is the statement you want to be able to conclude is true.
• Please refer to the illustration below:
  

Q2b：通過統計檢驗來辯證提出的假設，並針對統計檢驗的假設前提進行說明

• Please look atherefor a more detailed assumptions for conducting t-test.
• The t-test for dependent means is considered typically "robust" for violations of normal distribution.This means that the assumption can be violated without serious error being introduced into the test in most circumstance.
• However, if we are conducting a one-tailed test and the data are highly skewed, this will cause a lot of error to be introduced into our calculation of difference scores which will bias the results of the test. In this circumstance, a nonparametric test should be used.

轉載於:https://my.oschina.net/Bettyty/blog/755950