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Linux 下進行 OCCI ( Oracle C++ Call Interface ) 開發

Linux 下進行 OCCI ( Oracle C++ Call Interface ) 開發

Oracle 呼叫介面 (Orale Call Interface,OCI) 是最全面、效能最高、基於原生“C”語言的 Oracle 資料庫介面,它可以提供 Oracle 資料庫的全部功能。

OCI 為構建各種語言專用介面(如 Oracle JDBC-OCI、ODP.Net、Oracle 預編譯器、Oracle ODBC 和 Oracle C++ Call Interface (OCCI)驅動程式)提供了基礎。

使用C/C++操作Oracle資料庫,我們經常採用 Oracle C++ Call Interface (OCCI) 來進行程式設計,下面介紹 Linux 下如何做 OCCI 開發.

要在Linux 下做 OCCI 開發,首先必須在開發機器上安裝有 OCCI 相關庫(包含開發所需的庫和執行所需的庫)和標頭檔案,OCCI 庫和標頭檔案可以通過以下三種途徑得到:

(1) 安裝 Oracle 資料庫引擎

(2) 安裝 Oracle Client

(3) 安裝 Oracle Instant Client.

其中,前兩種方式下,

庫所在位置一般是:$(ORACLE_HOME)/product/11.2.0.1.0/db_1/lib

標頭檔案所在位置一般是:$(ORACLE_HOME)/product/11.2.0.1.0/db_1/rdbms/public/

只要安裝了Oracle資料庫引擎或者客戶端,庫檔案和標頭檔案就能夠很方便的得到。然而,通常我們的開發都是安裝一臺資料庫伺服器,然後在客戶機器上做開發,所以安裝Oracle資料庫引擎不可取,鑑於安裝Oracle Client也相對比較繁瑣,我們採用第三種方式可以減少很多不必要的工作。儘管如此,我們還是有必要首先簡單介紹在前兩種方式下如何做OCCI開發。

(1) OCCI 開發方式一

** (i)編譯**

   編寫好程式後,Makefile 定義相關變數,然後進行編譯,例如:
OCCI_HOME= /sdd1/oracle/11gR2_database_X64/product/11.2.0.1.0/db_1

       OCCI_INCLUDE_DIR=$(OCCI_HOME)/rdbms/public/

       OCCI_LIBRARY_PATH=$(OCCI_HOME)/lib

      default:

g++ *.cpp  -I$(OCCI_INCLUDE_DIR)  -L$(OCCI_LIBRARY_PATH)  -locci  -lclntsh

** (ii)執行**

   編譯完成後,執行程式,執行OCCI程式必須設定以下環節變數:
    export ORACLE_BASE=/sdb1/oracle/11gR2_database_X64
       export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0.1.0/db_1
       export NLS_LANG='simplified chinese'_china.ZHS16GBK
       export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH

** (iii) 附加問題**

   若想將OCCI標頭檔案和庫檔案拷貝到其它機器進行OCCI開發,則按如下步驟做,參照http://blog.csdn.net/zklth/article/details/7184032 :

(1) 方法一:使用 Oracle 11.2.0.1 資料庫軟體中自帶的 OCCI 相關庫和標頭檔案.
在一個安裝好Oracle 11.2.0.1 R2 資料庫的機器上拷貝occi相關標頭檔案和庫檔案到目錄 /opt/OCCI_11g_R2/include 和 /opt/OCCI_11g_R2/lib 下,

標頭檔案:
mkdir  /opt/OCCI_11g_R2/include
cp -r /sdd1/oracle/11gR2_database_X64/product/11.2.0.1.0/db_1/rdbms/public/*     /opt/OCCI_11g_R2/include/
庫檔案:
mkdir  /opt/OCCI_11g_R2/lib
cp /sdd1/oracle/11gR2_database_X64/product/11.2.0.1.0/db_1/lib/libclntsh.so.11.1    /opt/OCCI_11g_R2/lib/
cp /sdd1/oracle/11gR2_database_X64/product/11.2.0.1.0/db_1/lib/libocci.so.11.1    /opt/OCCI_11g_R2/lib/
cp /sdd1/oracle/11gR2_database_X64/product/11.2.0.1.0/db_1/libocci11.a    /opt/OCCI_11g_R2/lib/
cp /sdd1/oracle/11gR2_database_X64/product/11.2.0.1.0/db_1/libnnz11.so    /opt/OCCI_11g_R2/lib/
cp /sdd1/oracle/11gR2_database_X64/product/11.2.0.1.0/db_1/libnnz11.a   /opt/OCCI_11g_R2/lib/
cd /opt/OCCI_11g_R2/lib
建立3個軟連結
ln -s libocci.so.11.1  libocci.so
ln -s libclntsh.so.11.1   libclntsh.so
ln -s libclntsh.so libclntsh.so.10.1  
[root@localhost lib]# ll
總計 69764
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root       17 01-07 13:33 libclntsh.so -> libclntsh.so.11.1
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root       12 01-07 13:33 libclntsh.so.10.1 -> libclntsh.so
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 48724689 01-07 12:58 libclntsh.so.11.1
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 11595642 2012-01-07 libnnz11.a
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  7899997 2012-01-07 libnnz11.so
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  1863334 01-07 12:50 libocci11.a
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root       15 01-07 13:33 libocci.so -> libocci.so.11.1
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root  1260923 01-07 12:50 libocci.so.11.1

編譯OCCI程式時使用如下選項:
OCCI_HOME=/opt/OCCI_11g_R2
OCCI_INCLUDE_DIR=$(OCCI_HOME)/include
OCCI_LIBRARY_PATH=$(OCCI_HOME)/lib
g++ *.cpp  -I$(OCCI_INCLUDE_DIR)  -L$(OCCI_LIBRARY_PATH)  -locci  -lclntsh  -lnnz11      # 注意要加上 lnnz11,libclntsh.so 中使用到了 libnnz11.so 中的函式.

編譯成功!

(2) 安裝 ORACLE Instant Client 做 OCCI 開發
(i) 安裝ORACLE Instant Client

        安裝請參見帖  http://blog.csdn.net/zklth/article/details/7190035   或者 http://blog.csdn.net/zklth/article/details/7184032

        包含 zip 安裝 和 rpm 安裝.  注意,做開發必須安裝 basic、sdk 兩個包.

        對於 zip 包.

        開發相關的標頭檔案在:/root/linux-11.2.0.1.0-1.x86_64/instantclient_11_2/sdk/include

        開發相關的庫檔案在:/root/linux-11.2.0.1.0-1.x86_64/instantclient_11_2.

        對於rpm包

        開發相關的標頭檔案在:/usr/include/oracle/11.2/client64

        開發相關的庫檔案在:/usr/lib/oracle/11.2/client64/lib

        安裝完畢,進入庫檔案所在目錄,建立如下2個軟連結:
        ln -s libclntsh.so.11.1 libclntsh.so

        ln -s libocci.so.11.1 libocci.so

** (ii) 編譯 OCCI 程式**

         這裡以zip安裝為例, Oracle Instant Client 安裝路徑是:/root/linux-11.2.0.1.0-1.x86_64/instantclient_11_2.

         Makefile 按如下方式書寫.
OCCI_INCLUDE_DIR=/root/linux-11.2.0.1.0-1.x86_64/instantclient_11_2/sdk/include
OCCI_LIBRARY_PATH=/root/linux-11.2.0.1.0-1.x86_64/instantclient_11_2
 
default:
    g++ -o test test.cpp DBwrapper.cpp -I$(OCCI_INCLUDE_DIR) -L$(OCCI_LIBRARY_PATH) -locci -lclntsh
 (iii)執行

   編譯完成後,執行程式,執行OCCI程式必須設定以下環節變數:

   export ORACLE_HOME=/root/linux-11.2.0.1.0-1.x86_64/instantclient_11_2
   export NLS_LANG='simplified chinese'_china.ZHS16GBK
   export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH

   建議寫一個指令碼執行程式,在指令碼中設定這些環境變數.

附: 示例程式碼

//
// File: DBwrapper.h
// Author: zhankunlin
// Date: 2011-12-6
// Desc: Operate database.
//
 
#ifndef DBOP_H
#define DBOP_H
 
#include<string>
#include<map>
#include<vector>
using std::string;
using std::map;
using std::vector;
 
#include "occi.h"
using oracle::occi::Environment;
using oracle::occi::Connection;
using oracle::occi::Statement;
using oracle::occi::ResultSet;
using oracle::occi::SQLException;
 
class DBwrapper
{
public:
	DBwrapper();
	DBwrapper(string confFilePath);
	DBwrapper(string user,string pwd,string conStr);
	~DBwrapper();
	void readConfFile();
	bool open(); 
	bool close();
	bool commit();
	void setSQL(string oneSQL);
	bool execSQL(string sqlStr,string op);
	bool execQuerySQL();
	Statement* getStatement();
 	ResultSet* getResultSet();
	bool execUpdateSQL();
	bool execBatchedUpdate();
	
	void generateSQL(map<string,string> oneSQLKV); /* generate one SQL string */	
//	vector<string> generateSQL(vector<map<string,string>> multiSql); /* generate multiple SQL string */	
	map<string,string> execSQL(string strSQL); /* execute one SQL string */
//	vector<map<string,string>> execSQL(vector<string> strSQLs); /* execute multiple SQL string */
 
private:
	Environment *env; /* in $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/public/occiControl.h */
	Connection *conn;
	Statement *stmt;
 	ResultSet *rs;
	
	string strSQL;
	string user;
	string password;
	string conStr;
 
	string confFilePath;
};
 
#endif
//
// File: DBwrapper.cpp
// Author: zhankunlin
// Date: 2011-12-6
// Desc: Operate database.
//
 
#include "DBwrapper.h"
 
#include<iostream>
#include<string>
#include<map>
#include<vector>
using std::string;
using std::map;
using std::vector;
using std::cout;
using std::endl;
using std::ios;
 
#include <fstream>
using std::ifstream;
 
#include "occi.h"
using oracle::occi::Environment;
using oracle::occi::Connection;
using oracle::occi::Statement;
using oracle::occi::ResultSet;
using oracle::occi::SQLException;
 
DBwrapper::DBwrapper()
{
	this->confFilePath = "conf//server.conf";
	readConfFile();
}
 
DBwrapper::DBwrapper(string confFilePath)
{
	this->confFilePath = confFilePath;
	readConfFile();
}
 
DBwrapper::DBwrapper(string user,string conStr)
{
	this->user = user;
	this->password = pwd;
	this->conStr = conStr;
}
 
void DBwrapper::readConfFile()
{
	ifstream configFile(this->confFilePath.c_str(),ios::in); 
	if( !configFile.is_open() ) {
		cout<< "Open file "<< this->confFilePath << " failed!" <<endl;
		return;
	}
	
	string line,name,value;
	int len=0,start=0;
		
	while( configFile >> line )
	{
		if( line.find('#') != string::npos ) /* annotation */
			continue;
		if( line.find("=") == string::npos ) /* not found = */
			continue;
		len=line.length();
		start=line.find("="); /* = 的下標 */
		name=line.substr(0,start);
		value=line.substr(start+1,len-(start+1));
 
		if(name == "db_user") {
			this->user = value;
		}
 
		if(name == "db_user_pwd") {
			this->password = value;
		}
 
		if(name == "db_con_str") {
			this->conStr = value;
		}
 
	}
 
        cout<< "--------  Read configure file   -------" <<endl;
	cout<< "file: " << this->confFilePath <<endl; 
        cout<< "db_user: " << user <<endl;
        cout<< "db_user_pwd: " << password <<endl;
        cout<< "db_con_str: " << conStr <<endl;
        cout<< "---------------------------------------" <<endl;
}
 
DBwrapper::~DBwrapper()
{
	
}
 
//
// Desc:
//   Open connection to Oracle database.
// Return:
//   true  -- Successful.
//   false -- Failed.
//
bool DBwrapper::open()
{
	try {
		env = Environment::createEnvironment(Environment::OBJECT);	
		conn = env->createConnection(user,password,conStr);
		stmt = conn->createStatement();
	} catch (SQLException ex) {
		cout<<"Exception: Code - "<<ex.getErrorCode()<<",Message - "<<ex.getMessage();
		return false;
	}
	return true;
}
 
//
// Desc:
//   Close connection to Oracle database.
// Return:
//   true  -- Successful.
//   false -- Failed.
//
bool DBwrapper::close()
{
	try {
		env->terminateConnection(conn);
		Environment::terminateEnvironment(env);
	} catch (SQLException ex) {
		cout<<"Exception: Code - "<<ex.getErrorCode()<<",Message - "<<ex.getMessage();
		return false;
	}
	return true;
}
 
//
// Desc:
//   commit the operation.
// Return:
//   true  -- Successful.
//   false -- Failed.
//
bool DBwrapper::commit()
{
	try {
		conn->commit();
	} catch (SQLException ex) {
		cout<<"Exception: Code - "<<ex.getErrorCode()<<",Message - "<<ex.getMessage();
		return false;
	}
	return true;
}
 
void DBwrapper::setSQL(string oneSQL)
{
	strSQL = oneSQL;
}
 
/* generate one SQL string */	
void DBwrapper::generateSQL(map<string,string> oneSQLKV) 
{
	string oneSQL="";
	strSQL = oneSQL;
}
 
bool DBwrapper::execBatchedUpdate()
{
	try {	
		stmt->executeUpdate();
	} catch (SQLException ex) {
		cout<<"Exception: Code - "<<ex.getErrorCode()<<",Message - "<<ex.getMessage();
		return false;
	}
	return true;
}
 
bool DBwrapper::execUpdateSQL()
{
	try {	
		stmt->setSQL(strSQL);
		stmt->executeUpdate();
	} catch (SQLException ex) {
		cout<<"Exception: Code - "<<ex.getErrorCode()<<",Message - "<<ex.getMessage();
		return false;
	}
	return true;
}
 
bool DBwrapper::execQuerySQL()
{
	try {
		stmt->setSQL(strSQL);
		rs = stmt->executeQuery();
	} catch (SQLException ex) {
		cout<<"Exception: Code - "<<ex.getErrorCode()<<",Message - "<<ex.getMessage();
		return false;
	}
	return true;
}
 
ResultSet* DBwrapper::getResultSet()
{
	return rs;
}
 
Statement* DBwrapper::getStatement()
{
	return stmt;
}
 
//
// Desc:
//   execute SQL string.
// Parameters:
//   string sqlStr -- SQL string
//   string op -- it has only four value.
//                insert,update,delete,select
//
bool DBwrapper::execSQL(string sqlStr,string op)
{	
	if(!(op == "insert" || op == "update" || 
	   op == "delete" || op == "select")) {
		cout<<"SQL operation must be in 'insert,select'!"<<endl;
		return false;	
	}
	strSQL = sqlStr;
	if(op == "select") 
		return execQuerySQL();
	else
		return execUpdateSQL();
}