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Python學習筆記--爬蟲

1.django 快取設定

django的六種快取(mysql+redis) :https://www.cnblogs.com/xiaonq/p/7978402.html#i6

1.1 安裝Django快取模組

pip install django-redis==4.12.1

1.2 syl/settings.py 中配置快取


# 快取配置
CACHES = {
# django存緩預設位置,redis 0號庫
# default: 連線名稱
"default": {
"BACKEND": "django_redis.cache.RedisCache",
"LOCATION": "redis://127.0.0.1:6379/0",
"OPTIONS": {
"CLIENT_CLASS":"django_redis.client.DefaultClient",
}
},
# django session存 reidis 1 號庫(現在基本不需要使用)
"session": {
"BACKEND": "django_redis.cache.RedisCache",
"LOCATION": "redis://127.0.0.1:6379/1",
"OPTIONS": {
"CLIENT_CLASS":"django_redis.client.DefaultClient",
}
},
# 圖形驗證碼,存redis 2號庫
"img_code": {
"BACKEND": "django_redis.cache.RedisCache",
"LOCATION": "redis://127.0.0.1:6379/2",
"OPTIONS": {
"CLIENT_CLASS":"django_redis.client.DefaultClient",
}
}
}
# 配置session使用redis儲存
SESSION_ENGINE = "django.contrib.sessions.backends.cache" # 配置session儲存的位置: 使用cache中的 session配置
SESSION_CACHE_ALIAS = "session"

2.新建應用verifications

  • 圖形驗證碼

  • 簡訊驗證碼

  • 郵件驗證


'''2.1 在apps資料夾下新建應用: verifications'''
python ../manage.py startapp verifications # 切換到apps資料夾下執行建立命令

'''2.2 在syl/settings.py中新增應用'''
INSTALLED_APPS = [
'verifications.apps.VerificationsConfig',
]

'''2.3 在syl/urls.py主路由中新增'''
path('verify/', include('verifications.urls')),
'''2.4 新增子路由: verifications/urls.py'''
from django.urls import path
from . import views
urlpatterns = [
# path('image_codes/', views.ImageCodeView.as_view())
]

3.圖形驗證碼captcha使用


1.下載captcha壓縮包captcha.zip,放到專案packages資料夾下
2.解壓captcha.zip放到syl/libs資料夾下
3.解壓檔案中的syl/libs/captcha/captcha.py 右鍵執行即可生成圖片驗證碼 unzip xxx.zip

4.verifications/views.py中使用


from django.http import HttpResponse, HttpResponseForbidden
from django.views import View
from django_redis import get_redis_connection
from libs.captcha.captcha import captcha class ImageCodeView(View):
def get(self, request):
# 1.接收資料
uuid = request.GET.get('uuid')
# 2.校驗資料
if not uuid: return HttpResponseForbidden('uuid無效')
# 3.處理業務
# 獲取圖片文字內容和圖片二進位制程式碼
text, image = captcha.generate_captcha()
# 4.把uuid和圖片文字存入redis
redis_client = get_redis_connection('img_code') # 獲取redis客戶端
# 5.寫入redis(是字串)
redis_client.setex(uuid, 60 * 5, text)
# 6.返回響應圖片
return HttpResponse(image, content_type='image/jpg')

5.測試驗證碼介面


`http://192.168.56.100:8888/verify/image_codes/?uuid=66ea64aa-fbe6-11ea-a3d3- 005056c00008`


127.0.0.1:6379># select 2
OK
127.0.0.1:6379[2]># keys *
1) "66ea64aa-fbe6-11ea-a3d3-005056c00008"
127.0.0.1:6379[2]># get 66ea64aa-fbe6-11ea-a3d3-005056c00008
"JEZ6"