SpringMVC中如何實現Ajax非同步請求
阿新 • • 發佈：2020-11-05
一 環境搭建
首先是常規的spring mvc環境搭建，不用多說，需要注意的是，這裡需要引入jackson相關jar包，然後在spring配置檔案“springmvc-servlet.xml”中新增json解析相關配置，我這裡的完整程式碼如下：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.0.xsd"> <!-- 避免IE執行AJAX時,返回JSON出現下載檔案 --> <bean id="mappingJacksonHttpMessageConverter" class="org.springframework.http.converter.json.MappingJacksonHttpMessageConverter"> <property name="supportedMediaTypes"> <list> <value>text/html;charset=UTF-8</value> <value>application/json;charset=UTF-8</value> </list> </property> <property name="objectMapper"> <bean class="org.codehaus.jackson.map.ObjectMapper"> <property name="dateFormat"> <bean class="java.text.SimpleDateFormat"> <constructor-arg type="java.lang.String" value="yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"></constructor-arg> </bean> </property> </bean> </property> </bean> <!-- 啟動Spring MVC的註解功能，完成請求和註解POJO的對映 --> <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter"> <property name="messageConverters"> <list> <ref bean="mappingJacksonHttpMessageConverter" /><!-- json轉換器 --> </list> </property> </bean> <mvc:annotation-driven content-negotiation-manager="contentNegotiationManager" /> <bean id="contentNegotiationManager" class="org.springframework.web.accept.ContentNegotiationManagerFactoryBean"> <!-- true，開啟副檔名支援，false關閉支援 --> <property name="favorPathExtension" value="false" /> <!-- 用於開啟 /userinfo/123?format=json的支援 --> <property name="favorParameter" value="true" /> <!-- 設定為true以忽略對Accept Header的支援 --> <property name="ignoreAcceptHeader" value="false" /> <property name="mediaTypes"> <value> atom=application/atom+xml html=text/html json=application/json xml=application/xml *=*/* </value> </property> </bean> <context:annotation-config /> <!-- 啟動自動掃描該包下所有的Bean(例如@Controller) --> <context:component-scan base-package="cn.zifangsky.controller" /> <mvc:default-servlet-handler /> <!-- 定義檢視解析器 --> <bean id="jspViewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"> <property name="requestContextAttribute" value="rc" /> <property name="viewClass" value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView" /> <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/" /> <property name="suffix" value=".jsp" /> <property name="order" value="1"></property> </bean> </beans>
二 測試例項
（1）在WEB-INF/jsp目錄下新建了一個index.jsp檔案，包含了簡單的jQuery的ajax請求，請求資料的格式是JSON，具體程式碼如下：
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%> <% String path = request.getContextPath(); String basePath = request.getScheme() + "://" + request.getServerName() + ":" + request.getServerPort() + path + "/"; %> <html> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"> <base href="<%=basePath%>"> <script type="text/javascript" src="scripts/jquery/jquery-1.6.2.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="scripts/jquery/jquery.i18n.properties-min-1.0.9.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="scripts/jquery/jquery.autocomplete.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="scripts/jquery/jquery.loadmask.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="scripts/jquery/jquery.form.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="scripts/jquery/jquery.timers.js"></script> <title>jQuery i18n</title> <script type="text/javascript"> $().ready( function() { $("#sub").click( function() { var name = $("#username").val(); var age = 18; var user = {"username":name,"age":age}; $.ajax({ url : 'hello.json', type : 'POST', data : JSON.stringify(user), // Request body contentType : 'application/json; charset=utf-8', dataType : 'json', success : function(response) { //請求成功 alert("你好" + response.username + "[" + response.age + "]，當前時間是：" + response.time + "，歡迎訪問：http://www.zifangsky.cn"); }, error : function(msg) { alert(msg); } }); }); }); </script> </head> <body> <input type="text" id="username" style="width: 100px; height: 30px; font-size: 20px; font-weight: bold;"> <input type="button" id="sub" value="Go" style="height: 40px; height: 30px;"> <br> </body> </html>
（2）一個簡單的model類User，程式碼如下：
package cn.zifangsky.controller; public class User { private String username; private int age; public String getUsername() { return username; } public void setUsername(String username) { this.username = username; } public int getAge() { return age; } public void setAge(int age) { this.age = age; } }
（3）controller類TestController.java：
package cn.zifangsky.controller; import java.text.Format; import java.text.SimpleDateFormat; import java.util.Date; import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.Map; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Scope; import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody; import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView; @Controller @Scope("prototype") public class TestController { /** * 轉到頁面 */ @RequestMapping(value = "/hello.html") public ModelAndView list() { ModelAndView view = new ModelAndView("index"); return view; } /** * ajax非同步請求， 請求格式是json */ @RequestMapping(value = "/hello.json", method = { RequestMethod.POST }) @ResponseBody public Map<String, String> hello(@RequestBody User user) { // 返回資料的Map集合 Map<String, String> result = new HashMap<String, String>(); Format format = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"); // 返回請求的username result.put("username", user.getUsername()); // 返回年齡 result.put("age", String.valueOf(user.getAge())); // 返回當前時間 result.put("time", format.format(new Date())); return result; } }
關於具體的執行步驟我簡單說一下：
i）專案啟動後，在瀏覽器中訪問：http://localhost:8089/SpringDemo/hello.html，然後會轉到執行controller中的list方法，接著會轉到/WEB-INF/jsp/index.jsp（PS：在controller中返回的是邏輯檢視，跟在springmvc-servlet.xml檔案中定義的路徑字首和字尾進行拼接後合成檔案的真正路徑）
ii）在index.jsp頁面輸入文字然後點選按鈕，將會觸發ajax請求，這個請求會獲取輸入框中的資料和預設的“age”引數拼接成json格式字串最後提交到“hello.json”這個請求，也就是執行controller中的hello方法
iii）hello方法執行完畢後會返回一系列資料最後在頁面中顯示出來