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使用Spring Data Jpa的CriteriaQuery一個陷阱

使用Spring Data Jpa的CriteriaQuery進行動態條件查詢時,可能會遇到一個陷阱,當條件為空時,查詢不到任何結果,並不是期望的返回所有結果。這是為什麼呢?

例如下述程式碼,當predicates為空時,返回結果總是為空。

public Page<VmhostWithRelationPO> listVmhostSpecWithRelationByPage(String name) {
 Specification<VmhostWithRelationPO> spec = (root,cq,cb) -> {
 root.join("user",JoinType.LEFT);
 root.join("tenant",JoinType.LEFT);
 List<javax.persistence.criteria.Predicate> predicates = new ArrayList<>();
 ......
 return cb.or(predicates.toArray(new javax.persistence.criteria.Predicate[0]));
 };
 PageRequest pagable = PageRequest.of(0,5);
 Page<VmhostWithRelationPO> page = vmhostSpecWithRelationDao.findAll(spec,pagable);
 return page;
}

看下or的註釋就明白了,因為空條件總是為false,而and的空條件總是為true。所以,如果最後是and就沒有問題,只有or的時候有問題。

public interface CriteriaBuilder {

 /**
  * Create a conjunction of the given restriction predicates.
  * A conjunction of zero predicates is true.
  * @param restrictions zero or more restriction predicates
  * @return and predicate
  */
 Predicate and(Predicate... restrictions);


 /**
  * Create a disjunction of the given restriction predicates.
  * A disjunction of zero predicates is false.
  * @param restrictions zero or more restriction predicates
  * @return or predicate
  */
 Predicate or(Predicate... restrictions);
}

所以正確的寫法應該這樣:

public Page<VmhostWithRelationPO> listVmhostSpecWithRelationByPage(String name) {
 Specification<VmhostWithRelationPO> spec = (root,cb) -> {
  root.join("user",JoinType.LEFT);
  root.join("tenant",JoinType.LEFT);
  List<javax.persistence.criteria.Predicate> predicates = new ArrayList<>();
  ......
  return predicates.isEmpty() ? cb.conjunction() : cb.or(predicates.toArray(new javax.persistence.criteria.Predicate[0]));
 };
 PageRequest pagable = PageRequest.of(0,pagable);
 return page;
 }

如果條件為空則返回一個空conjunction,也就是空的and,總是為true。

公司專案的程式碼中常見這種寫法:

public Page<VmhostWithRelationPO> listVmhostSpecWithRelationByPage(String name) {
 Specification<VmhostWithRelationPO> spec = (root,JoinType.LEFT);
 List<javax.persistence.criteria.Predicate> predicates = new ArrayList<>();
 ......
 if (predicates.isEmpty()) {
  cq.where();
 } else {
  cq.where(cb.or(predicates.toArray(new javax.persistence.criteria.Predicate[0])));
 }
 return cq.getRestriction();
 };
 PageRequest pagable = PageRequest.of(0,pagable);
 return page;
}

也能正常工作,但是其實沒有必要在toPredicate方法中呼叫where,toPredicate只需要返回條件,外層會呼叫where。

public interface Specification<T> extends Serializable {


 /**
  * Creates a WHERE clause for a query of the referenced entity in form of a {@link Predicate} for the given
  * {@link Root} and {@link CriteriaQuery}.
  *
  * @param root must not be {@literal null}.
  * @param query must not be {@literal null}.
  * @param criteriaBuilder must not be {@literal null}.
  * @return a {@link Predicate},may be {@literal null}.
  */
 @Nullable
 Predicate toPredicate(Root<T> root,CriteriaQuery<?> query,CriteriaBuilder criteriaBuilder);
}

本文作者: 鍾潘
本文連結: http://zhongpan.tech/2020/07/20/035-a-trap-for-using-criteriaquery/

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