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Spring5.0原始碼學習系列之淺談迴圈依賴問題

前言介紹

附錄:Spring原始碼學習專欄

上一章的學習中,我們對Bean的建立有了一個粗略的瞭解,接著本文淺談Spring迴圈依賴問題,這是一個面試比較常見的問題

1、什麼是迴圈依賴?

所謂的迴圈依賴就是兩個以及兩個以上的類互相呼叫依賴,形成閉環

// 類A依賴於B
class A{
    public B b;
}

// 類B依賴了C
class B{
    public C c;
}

// 類C依賴了A
class C{
    public A a;
}


然後?看起來是很正常的,我們隨便new一個類,迴圈依賴的類都是能正常呼叫的

A a = new A();
System.out.println(a);

為什麼?因為這種情況,A.java->A.class,我們new就能獲取到例項的物件,這個通過jvm支援的,jdk是能支援這種情況的,不過本文不詳細說明,本文要討論的Spring中的bean,迴圈依賴在Spring中就是一個問題了

為什麼?首先回顧一下之前的知識點,首先在Spring框架中類的建立都是給Spring IOC容器建立的,如圖:

然後?真的出現這種情況,會怎麼樣?

Spring框架檢測到這種場景會拋 BeanCurrentlyInCreationException,提前暴露物件的方法,因為Spring建立bean的過程是一個很複雜的過程,首先是xml解析為document物件,document物件再轉成BeanDefinition,然後進行bean的生命週期,才算得上是一個真正的spring bean,接著進行後置處理器加工,假如出現這種,設想一下會怎麼樣?spring容器就會一直迴圈呼叫,當然是在特定的條件,為什麼說是特定情況?請看下文

2、實驗環境準備

實驗環境:

  • SpringFramework版本
    • Springframework5.0.x
  • 開發環境
    • JAR管理:gradle 4.9/ Maven3.+
    • 開發IDE:IntelliJ IDEA 2018.2.5
    • JDK:jdk1.8.0_31
    • Git Server:Git fro window 2.8.3
    • Git Client:SmartGit18.1.5(可選)

3、迴圈依賴問題

我們可以通過例子進行驗證,建立類A:

package com.example.bean;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

/**
 * <pre>
 *      A class
 * </pre>
 *
 * <pre>
 * @author mazq
 * 修改記錄
 *    修改後版本:     修改人:  修改日期: 2020/11/05 10:31  修改內容:
 * </pre>
 */
@Component
public class A {

    //@Autowired
    B b;

    public A() {
    	b = new B();
        System.out.println("A class is create");
    }
}

類B:

package com.example.bean;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

/**
 * <pre>
 *      B class
 * </pre>
 *
 * <pre>
 * @author mazq
 * 修改記錄
 *    修改後版本:     修改人:  修改日期: 2020/11/16 14:03  修改內容:
 * </pre>
 */
@Component
public class B {

    //@Autowired
    A a;

    public B() {
    	a = new A();
        System.out.println("B class is create");
    }
}

註冊類A、B

package com.example.config;

import com.example.bean.B;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import com.example.bean.A;

/**
 * <pre>
 *      AppConfiguration
 * </pre>
 *
 * <pre>
 * @author mazq
 * 修改記錄
 *    修改後版本:     修改人:  修改日期: 2020/11/05 10:26  修改內容:
 * </pre>
 */
@Configuration
public class AppConfiguration {

    @Bean
    public A a(){
        return new A();
    }

    @Bean
    public B b() {
        return new B();
    }

}

package com.example;

import com.example.config.AppConfiguration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext;
import com.example.bean.A;

/**
 * <pre>
 *      TestController
 * </pre>
 *
 * <pre>
 * @author mazq
 * 修改記錄
 *    修改後版本:     修改人:  修改日期: 2020/11/05 10:22  修改內容:
 * </pre>
 */
public class TestApplication {

    public static void testCircularReferences() {
        AnnotationConfigApplicationContext context = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext();
        context.register(AppConfiguration.class);
        //context.setAllowCircularReferences(false);
        context.refresh();
        A bean = context.getBean(A.class);
        System.out.println(bean);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // 測試Sprin迴圈依賴
        testCircularReferences();
    }
}

經過測試,一直在迴圈呼叫:

4、迴圈依賴解決方法

對於這種情況,Spring有處理方法?答案是有的,方法就是通過@Autowired註解,當然bean要是單例的,多例的情況不支援,原因後面分析

@Component
public class A {

    @Autowired
    B b;

    public A() {
        System.out.println("A class is create");
    }
}

補充:除了@Autowired方法,我們還可以通過set方法處理迴圈依賴問題,當然也是僅支援單例bean,多例的情況不支援

5、關閉Spring迴圈依賴

有個疑問?Spring的迴圈依賴支援,預設情況是開啟?是否有什麼開關控制?通過原始碼學習,可以通過setAllowCircularReferences設定

AnnotationConfigApplicationContext context = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext();
context.register(AppConfiguration.class);
// 關閉Spring迴圈依賴支援
context.setAllowCircularReferences(false);
context.refresh();

通過測試,設定不開啟這個屬性的時候,即使加上@Autowired,程式碼還是拋異常了

6、prototype(多例)迴圈依賴

在多例的情況,Spring能支援迴圈依賴?加上@Scope("prototype"),將bean變成多例的

經過測試:多例的情況會丟擲異常,即使加上了@Autowired,原因請看下文

7、Spring迴圈依賴特徵

ok,經過前面例子的驗證,到這來,可以對Spring的迴圈依賴特點進行歸納:

  • Spring中的迴圈依賴場景
    • 構造器的迴圈依賴,通過建構函式
    • Field屬性的迴圈依賴,通過set方法
  • Spring的迴圈依賴是預設開啟的(setAllowCircularReferences)
  • Spring對單例和多例Bean的支援
    • 單例Bean(singleton) :只能通過@Autowired和set方法支援
    • 多例Bean(prototype):預設不支援,直接拋異常BeanCurrentlyInCreationException

8、Spring迴圈依賴原理

我們通過實驗進行了驗證,也歸納出了Spring迴圈依賴的特點,然後具體原因是什麼?我們只能通過原始碼學習得到答案

上一章的學習中,我們對Bean的建立有了一個粗略的瞭解,所以,順著這條路線,跟下原始碼:

在前面的學習,我們知道了{@link org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory#doGetBean}這個方法就是Spring Bean建立的真正執行方法

protected <T> T doGetBean(
		String name, @Nullable Class<T> requiredType, @Nullable Object[] args, boolean typeCheckOnly)
		throws BeansException {
	//  處理BeanName,前面說的FactoryBean帶‘&’符號,要在這裡進行轉換
	String beanName = transformedBeanName(name);
	Object bean;

	// Eagerly check singleton cache for manually registered singletons.
	// 從map(singletonObjects)裡獲取單例bean,確定是否已經存在對應例項
	Object sharedInstance = getSingleton(beanName);
	if (sharedInstance != null && args == null) {
		if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
			if (isSingletonCurrentlyInCreation(beanName)) {
				logger.debug("Returning eagerly cached instance of singleton bean '" + beanName +
						"' that is not fully initialized yet - a consequence of a circular reference");
			}
			else {
				logger.debug("Returning cached instance of singleton bean '" + beanName + "'");
			}
		}
		// 兩種情況:普通的bean,直接從singletonObjects返回sharedInstance
		//如果是FactoryBean,返回其建立的物件例項
		bean = getObjectForBeanInstance(sharedInstance, name, beanName, null);
	}

	else {
		// Fail if we're already creating this bean instance:
		// We're assumably within a circular reference.
		// 校驗是否是多例(Prototype)的Bean,多例的bean是不支援迴圈依賴的
		// 為了避免迴圈依賴,遇到這種情況,直接丟擲異常
		if (isPrototypeCurrentlyInCreation(beanName)) {
			throw new BeanCurrentlyInCreationException(beanName);
		}

		// Check if bean definition exists in this factory.
		// 檢查BeanFactory是否存在這個BeanDefinition
		BeanFactory parentBeanFactory = getParentBeanFactory();
		if (parentBeanFactory != null && !containsBeanDefinition(beanName)) {
			// Not found -> check parent.
			// 當前容器找不到BeanDefinition,去parent容器查詢
			String nameToLookup = originalBeanName(name);
			if (parentBeanFactory instanceof AbstractBeanFactory) {
				return ((AbstractBeanFactory) parentBeanFactory).doGetBean(
						nameToLookup, requiredType, args, typeCheckOnly);
			}
			else if (args != null) {
				// Delegation to parent with explicit args.
				// 返回parent容器的查詢結果
				return (T) parentBeanFactory.getBean(nameToLookup, args);
			}
			else {
				// No args -> delegate to standard getBean method.
				return parentBeanFactory.getBean(nameToLookup, requiredType);
			}
		}

		if (!typeCheckOnly) {
			//typeCheckOnly為false的情況,將beanName放在一個alreadyCreated的集合
			markBeanAsCreated(beanName);
		}

		try {
			RootBeanDefinition mbd = getMergedLocalBeanDefinition(beanName);
			checkMergedBeanDefinition(mbd, beanName, args);

			// Guarantee initialization of beans that the current bean depends on.
			// 校驗是否配置了 depends-on
			String[] dependsOn = mbd.getDependsOn();
			if (dependsOn != null) {
				for (String dep : dependsOn) {
					// 存在迴圈引用的情況,要丟擲異常
					if (isDependent(beanName, dep)) {
						throw new BeanCreationException(mbd.getResourceDescription(), beanName,
								"Circular depends-on relationship between '" + beanName + "' and '" + dep + "'");
					}
					// 正常情況,註冊依賴關係
					registerDependentBean(dep, beanName);
					try {
						// 初始化被依賴項
						getBean(dep);
					}
					catch (NoSuchBeanDefinitionException ex) {
						throw new BeanCreationException(mbd.getResourceDescription(), beanName,
								"'" + beanName + "' depends on missing bean '" + dep + "'", ex);
					}
				}
			}

			// Create bean instance.
			// 單例的Bean
			if (mbd.isSingleton()) {
				sharedInstance = getSingleton(beanName, () -> {
					try {
						// 建立單例bean
						return createBean(beanName, mbd, args);
					}
					catch (BeansException ex) {
						// Explicitly remove instance from singleton cache: It might have been put there
						// eagerly by the creation process, to allow for circular reference resolution.
						// Also remove any beans that received a temporary reference to the bean.
						destroySingleton(beanName);
						throw ex;
					}
				});
				bean = getObjectForBeanInstance(sharedInstance, name, beanName, mbd);
			}
			// 多例的Bean,scope = protoType
			else if (mbd.isPrototype()) {
				// It's a prototype -> create a new instance.
				Object prototypeInstance = null;
				try {
					// 多例的情況,建立bean之前新增標記(用於迴圈依賴校驗)
					beforePrototypeCreation(beanName);
					 // 執行多例Bean建立
					prototypeInstance = createBean(beanName, mbd, args);
				}
				finally {
					// 建立原型(多例)bean之後擦除標記
					afterPrototypeCreation(beanName);
				}
				bean = getObjectForBeanInstance(prototypeInstance, name, beanName, mbd);
			}
			// 如果不是單例bean也不是多例的bean,委託給對應的實現類
			else {
				String scopeName = mbd.getScope();
				if (!StringUtils.hasLength(scopeName)) {
					throw new IllegalStateException("No scope name defined for bean ´" + beanName + "'");
				}
				Scope scope = this.scopes.get(scopeName);
				if (scope == null) {
					throw new IllegalStateException("No Scope registered for scope name '" + scopeName + "'");
				}
				try {
					Object scopedInstance = scope.get(beanName, () -> {
						beforePrototypeCreation(beanName);
						try {
							// 執行bean建立
							return createBean(beanName, mbd, args);
						}
						finally {
							afterPrototypeCreation(beanName);
						}
					});
					bean = getObjectForBeanInstance(scopedInstance, name, beanName, mbd);
				}
				catch (IllegalStateException ex) {
					throw new BeanCreationException(beanName,
							"Scope '" + scopeName + "' is not active for the current thread; consider " +
							"defining a scoped proxy for this bean if you intend to refer to it from a singleton",
							ex);
				}
			}
		}
		catch (BeansException ex) {
			cleanupAfterBeanCreationFailure(beanName);
			throw ex;
		}
	}

	// Check if required type matches the type of the actual bean instance.
	// 檢查一下型別是否正確,不正確丟擲異常,正確返回例項
	if (requiredType != null && !requiredType.isInstance(bean)) {
		try {
			T convertedBean = getTypeConverter().convertIfNecessary(bean, requiredType);
			if (convertedBean == null) {
				throw new BeanNotOfRequiredTypeException(name, requiredType, bean.getClass());
			}
			return convertedBean;
		}
		catch (TypeMismatchException ex) {
			if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
				logger.debug("Failed to convert bean '" + name + "' to required type '" +
						ClassUtils.getQualifiedName(requiredType) + "'", ex);
			}
			throw new BeanNotOfRequiredTypeException(name, requiredType, bean.getClass());
		}
	}
	return (T) bean;
}
  • 原始碼比較複雜,所以可以帶著疑問來跟,首先以單例Bean的情況:#doGetBean.getSingleton

protected Object getSingleton(String beanName, boolean allowEarlyReference) {
	// 一級快取:singletonObjects (單例池)
	Object singletonObject = this.singletonObjects.get(beanName);
	if (singletonObject == null && isSingletonCurrentlyInCreation(beanName)) {
		synchronized (this.singletonObjects) {
			// 二級快取:earlySingletonObjects(BeanDefinition還沒進行屬性填充)
			singletonObject = this.earlySingletonObjects.get(beanName);
			if (singletonObject == null && allowEarlyReference) {
				// 三級快取:singletonFactories
				ObjectFactory<?> singletonFactory = this.singletonFactories.get(beanName);
				if (singletonFactory != null) {
					singletonObject = singletonFactory.getObject();
					this.earlySingletonObjects.put(beanName, singletonObject);
					this.singletonFactories.remove(beanName);
				}
			}
		}
	}
	return singletonObject;
}

在某些情況,迴圈依賴會造成迴圈呼叫,所以需要怎麼解決?

Spring框架的方法是使用了三級快取,其實最關鍵的是earlySingletonObjects

  • 一級快取:singletonObjects,這是Spring BeanDefinition的單例池,首先只儲存單例Bean的BeanDefinition,而且這個Bean是一個真正的bean,也就是進行過屬性填充的
  • 二級快取:earlySingletonObjects,early從單詞意思來說,這個快取是在singletonObjects之前的,也就是BeanDefinition還沒進行屬性填充等等操作,Spring引入這個快取的目的就是為了處理單例bean的迴圈依賴問題
  • 三級快取:singletonFactories,快取的是ObjectFactory,表示物件工廠,為什麼要加上這個快取?原因比較複雜,涉及到AOP等等原因,因為我還沒理解清楚,所以本文不說明

加上了earlySingletonObjects快取之後,Spring就能支援單例bean的迴圈依賴,參考語雀某大佬的筆記,畫圖表示:

  • 帶著疑問來跟一下多例Bean的情況:
    Spring框架是不支援多例bean的迴圈依賴的,原因跟下程式碼:#doGetBean
// Fail if we're already creating this bean instance:
// We're assumably within a circular reference.
// 校驗是否是多例(Prototype)的Bean,多例的bean是不支援迴圈依賴的
// 為了避免迴圈依賴,遇到這種情況,直接丟擲異常
if (isPrototypeCurrentlyInCreation(beanName)) {
	throw new BeanCurrentlyInCreationException(beanName);
}

多例的情況:看程式碼是通過prototypesCurrentlyInCreation裡的資料校驗的,prototypesCurrentlyInCreation是一個ThreadLocal物件

protected boolean isPrototypeCurrentlyInCreation(String beanName) {
	Object curVal = this.prototypesCurrentlyInCreation.get();
	return (curVal != null &&
			(curVal.equals(beanName) || (curVal instanceof Set && ((Set<?>) curVal).contains(beanName))));
}

繼續找程式碼,找到beforePrototypeCreation

protected void beforePrototypeCreation(String beanName) {
	Object curVal = this.prototypesCurrentlyInCreation.get();
	if (curVal == null) {
		this.prototypesCurrentlyInCreation.set(beanName);
	}
	else if (curVal instanceof String) {
		Set<String> beanNameSet = new HashSet<>(2);
		beanNameSet.add((String) curVal);
		beanNameSet.add(beanName);
		this.prototypesCurrentlyInCreation.set(beanNameSet);
	}
	else {
		Set<String> beanNameSet = (Set<String>) curVal;
		beanNameSet.add(beanName);
	}
}

Ctrl+Alt+H,檢視這個方法的呼叫棧:其實就是在#doGetBean就呼叫了,也就是bean建立之前

try {
// 多例的情況,建立bean之前新增標記(用於迴圈依賴校驗)
	beforePrototypeCreation(beanName);
	 // 執行多例Bean建立
	prototypeInstance = createBean(beanName, mbd, args);
}
finally {
	// 建立原型(多例)bean之後擦除標記
	afterPrototypeCreation(beanName);
}
bean = getObjectForBeanInstance(prototypeInstance, name, beanName, mbd);

知識點歸納

  • Spring中的迴圈依賴場景
    • 構造器的迴圈依賴,通過建構函式
    • Field屬性的迴圈依賴,通過set方法
  • Spring的迴圈依賴是預設開啟的(setAllowCircularReferences)
  • Spring對單例和多例Bean的支援
    • 單例Bean(singleton) :只能通過@Autowired和set方法支援
    • 多例Bean(prototype):預設不支援,直接拋異常BeanCurrentlyInCreationException
  • Spring支援單例bean的迴圈依賴原因:使用了三級快取