1. 程式人生 > 實用技巧 >More Control Flow Tools,Python Tutorial閱讀筆記(1)

More Control Flow Tools,Python Tutorial閱讀筆記(1)

  參考資料:

  Python官網Tutorial

  注:由於感覺自己的Python還沒有學通透,在看專案的程式碼時還是有一些困難。所以想看一下Python官網的Tutorial自學一下,我在讀的時候也是略過了自己已經會的地方,所以我寫的東西都是自己學到的新東西。

  規範:黑體x)表示自己學到的東西模組,是一個大概的區分。4.1,4.2表示在Tutorial中的位置。

  1)函式的引數中,關鍵詞引數(keyword arguments)一定要在位置引數(positional arguments)後面。

  2)4.7.2 函式的定義中,*arguments表示解析一個元組,**arguments表示解析一個字典。注意,元組就好似位置引數,字典就好似關鍵詞引數。例子如下:

def cheeseshop(kind, *arguments, **keywords):
    print("-- Do you have any", kind, "?")
    print("-- I'm sorry, we're all out of", kind)
    for arg in arguments:
        print(arg)
    print("-" * 40)
    for kw in keywords:
        print(kw, ":", keywords[kw])

  我們可以這樣呼叫:

cheeseshop("Limburger", "It's very runny, sir.",
           "It's really very, VERY runny, sir.",
           shopkeeper="Michael Palin",
           client="John Cleese",
           sketch="Cheese Shop Sketch")

  輸出如下:

-- Do you have any Limburger ?
-- I'm sorry, we're all out of Limburger
It's very runny, sir.
It's really very, VERY runny, sir.
----------------------------------------
shopkeeper : Michael Palin
client : John Cleese
sketch : Cheese Shop Sketch

  3)4.7.3 函式定義中的特殊的引數

def f(pos1, pos2, /, pos_or_kwd, *, kwd1, kwd2):
      -----------    ----------     ----------
        |             |                  |
        |        Positional or keyword   |
        |                                - Keyword only
         -- Positional only

  這種方式等於說顯式的在函式定義的時候規定了引數傳遞的方法!比如,如果你的定義是def kwd_only_arg(*, arg): 那麼所有的引數都應該用關鍵詞形式來傳遞!

  4)4.7.7函式的文件規範

>>> def my_function():
...     """Do nothing, but document it.
...
...     No, really, it doesn't do anything.
...     """
...     pass
...
>>> print(my_function.__doc__)
Do nothing, but document it.

    No, really, it doesn't do anything.

  4.7.8函式的註釋規範:

>>> def f(ham: str, eggs: str = 'eggs') -> str:
...     print("Annotations:", f.__annotations__)
...     print("Arguments:", ham, eggs)
...     return ham + ' and ' + eggs
...
>>> f('spam')
Annotations: {'ham': <class 'str'>, 'return': <class 'str'>, 'eggs': <class 'str'>}
Arguments: spam eggs
'spam and eggs'

  可以看到,當我們想使用註釋的時候,可以用冒號標識資料型別,箭頭標識返回值。