python基礎-集合set的常用方法
阿新 • • 發佈:2020-11-20
set為什麼翻譯成集合,這個詞據說是從日本傳過來的。
set特點:1.不同的元素組成。
2.無序
3.集合中的元素是不可變型別。.(int,str,tuple)
s= {11,"22",44,11} print(s)
11雖然設定了兩次,輸入結果只有1個11;第一個輸出是“22”,而不是11,說明是無序的。
1.set(iterable)直接將括號內容(可迭代)轉為集合
s1=set({"123":2}) s2=set("hello") print(s1,s2)
2.clear
s={1,2,"a"} s.clear() print(s)
3.copy
4.pop-隨機刪除一個元素
remove(value)刪除指定元素,元素不存在報錯
discard(value)直譯為丟棄,元素不存在不會報錯,do nothing
s={1,2,"a"} s.discard("b") print(s)
5.為什麼有集合,比如
python_l=["lcg","szw","zjw"] linux_l=["lcg","szw","sb"]
求兩個list共有元素,得用for迴圈來遍歷,比較麻煩
python_l = ["lcg", "szw", "zjw"] linux_l = ["lcg", "szw", "sb"] python_l_and_linux_l = [] fori in python_l: if i in linux_l: python_l_and_linux_l.append(i) print(python_l_and_linux_l)
而用集合就很簡單。求交集即可,用intersection/&
inter這個字首的意思是,相互,互動,intersection直譯就是互相選擇,即交集
python_l = ["lcg", "szw", "zjw"] linux_l = ["lcg", "szw", "sb"] py_s=set(python_l) li_s=set(linux_l) print(py_s.intersection(li_s))
&效果一樣
python_l = ["lcg", "szw", "zjw"] linux_l = ["lcg", "szw", "sb"] py_s=set(python_l) li_s=set(linux_l) print(py_s&li_s)
6.並集union/|
python_l = ["lcg", "szw", "zjw"] linux_l = ["lcg", "szw", "sb"] py_s=set(python_l) li_s=set(linux_l) print(py_s.union(li_s))
| 效果一樣
python_l = ["lcg", "szw", "zjw"] linux_l = ["lcg", "szw", "sb"] py_s=set(python_l) li_s=set(linux_l) print(py_s|li_s)
7差集,A-B共同部分元素,A剩下的元素
difference,原集合不會更新
difference——update原集合會更新
python_l = ["lcg", "szw", "zjw"] linux_l = ["lcg", "szw", "sb"] py_s=set(python_l) li_s=set(linux_l) print(py_s.difference(li_s))
print(py_s)
python_l = ["lcg", "szw", "zjw"] linux_l = ["lcg", "szw", "sb"] py_s=set(python_l) li_s=set(linux_l) py_s.difference_update(li_s) print(py_s)
直接用減號,效果一樣
python_l = ["lcg", "szw", "zjw"] linux_l = ["lcg", "szw", "sb"] py_s=set(python_l) li_s=set(linux_l) print(py_s-li_s)
8交叉補集(下圖A+C)symmetric_difference。或用^
python_l = ["lcg", "szw", "zjw"] linux_l = ["lcg", "szw", "sb"] py_s=set(python_l) li_s=set(linux_l) print(py_s.symmetric_difference(li_s))
9.isdisjoint:joint單詞的意思是“共有的”,加上字首就是“是否沒有共有部分”,沒有共有部分返回True
python_l = ["lcg", "szw", "zjw"] linux_l = ["lcg", "szw", "sb"] py_s=set(python_l) li_s=set(linux_l) print(py_s.isdisjoint(li_s))
10.issubset:sub字首的意思是“分支,亞種”,subset就是分支集合,就是子集的意思。判斷是否是子集。
python_l = ["lcg", "szw", "zjw"] linux_l = ["lcg", "szw", "sb"] py_s=set(python_l) li_s=set(linux_l) print(py_s.issubset(li_s))
11.issuperset:是否是父集
python_l = ["lcg", "szw", "zjw","sb"] linux_l = ["lcg", "szw", "sb"] py_s=set(python_l) li_s=set(linux_l) print(py_s.issuperset(li_s))
12.update(iterable)-更新集合,而add一次只能新增一個元素
python_l = ["lcg", "szw", "zjw"] linux_l = ["lcg", "szw", "sb"] py_s=set(python_l) li_s=set(linux_l) py_s.update(li_s) print(py_s)
13.frozenset-不可修改的set