1.資料結構說明：

資料結構如下：modification欄位為修改資料時間欄位，格式為 年，月，日，時，分，秒。
案例場景為，根據modification欄位，統計每個統計粒子，產生資料的條數。如需要統計2020年10月29日 每個小時段產生資料的條數。

要進行這種統計需要用到 Django的connection庫。
統計年月日粒子用 date_trunc_sql，統計時分秒用 datetime_extract_sql

2.進行年月日粒子的統計

2.1 官方 date_trunc_sql 原型

def datetime_trunc_sql(self,lookup_type,field_name,tzname):
 """
 Given a lookup_type of 'year','month','day','hour','minute',or
 'second',return the SQL that truncates the given datetime field
 field_name to a datetime object with only the given specificity.
 """
 raise NotImplementedError('subclasses of BaseDatabaseOperations may require a datetime_trunc_sql() method')

解釋說明下：

函式需要傳入三個引數：

• lookup_type：統計粒子（year->年，月->month，day->日，hour->時,minute->分,second->秒）
• field_name:統計欄位的名次
• tzname：時區，在中國一般用的是東8區，傳入8即可

2.2 年

from django.db import connection
from django.db.models import Count
# 'year','second'

select = {'year': connection.ops.datetime_trunc_sql('year','establish',8)}
result = models.FocusOnRecord.objects.extra(select=select).values('year').annotate(number=Count('id')).order_by("year")[0:9]

for key in result:
 print(key)

>>{'year': datetime.datetime(2019,1,0),'number': 2168}
>>{'year': datetime.datetime(2020,'number': 9369}

2.3 月

from django.db import connection
from django.db.models import Count
# 'year','second'

select = {'month': connection.ops.datetime_trunc_sql('month',8)}
result = models.FocusOnRecord.objects.extra(select=select).values('month').annotate(number=Count('id')).order_by("month")[0:9]

for key in result:
 print(key)
 
>>{'month': datetime.datetime(2019,6,'number': 8}
>>{'month': datetime.datetime(2019,7,'number': 51}
>>{'month': datetime.datetime(2019,8,'number': 118}
>>{'month': datetime.datetime(2019,9,'number': 7}
>>{'month': datetime.datetime(2019,10,'number': 731}
>>{'month': datetime.datetime(2019,11,'number': 514}
>>{'month': datetime.datetime(2019,12,'number': 739}
>>{'month': datetime.datetime(2020,'number': 483}
>>{'month': datetime.datetime(2020,2,'number': 921}

2.4 日

from django.db import connection
from django.db.models import Count
# 'year','second'

select = {'day': connection.ops.datetime_trunc_sql('day',8)}
result = models.FocusOnRecord.objects.extra(select=select).values('day').annotate(number=Count('id')).order_by("day")[0:9]

for key in result:
 print(key)
 
>>{'day': datetime.datetime(2019,28,'number': 1}
>>{'day': datetime.datetime(2019,29,'number': 7}
>>{'day': datetime.datetime(2019,'number': 3}
>>{'day': datetime.datetime(2019,20,'number': 32}
>>{'day': datetime.datetime(2019,21,'number': 2}
>>{'day': datetime.datetime(2019,31,'number': 10}
>>{'day': datetime.datetime(2019,'number': 20}

2.5 時

from django.db import connection
from django.db.models import Count
# 'year','second'

select = {'hour': connection.ops.datetime_trunc_sql('hour',8)}
result = models.FocusOnRecord.objects.extra(select=select).values('hour').annotate(number=Count('id')).order_by("hour")[0:9]

for key in result:
 print(key)
 
>>{'hour': datetime.datetime(2019,17,'number': 1}
>>{'hour': datetime.datetime(2019,'number': 6}
>>{'hour': datetime.datetime(2019,14,'number': 2}
>>{'hour': datetime.datetime(2019,15,'number': 24}
>>{'hour': datetime.datetime(2019,'number': 3}
>>{'hour': datetime.datetime(2019,13,'number': 2}

2.6 分

from django.db import connection
from django.db.models import Count
# 'year','second'

select = {'minute': connection.ops.datetime_trunc_sql('minute',8)}
result = models.FocusOnRecord.objects.extra(select=select).values('minute').annotate(number=Count('id')).order_by("minute")[0:9]

for key in result:
 print(key)
 
>>{'minute': datetime.datetime(2019,22),'number': 1}
>>{'minute': datetime.datetime(2019,6),'number': 4}
>>{'minute': datetime.datetime(2019,39),41),4),57),48),54),40),'number': 1}

2.7 秒

from django.db import connection
from django.db.models import Count
# 'year','second'

select = {'second': connection.ops.datetime_trunc_sql('second',8)}
result = models.FocusOnRecord.objects.extra(select=select).values('second').annotate(number=Count('id')).order_by("second")[0:9]

for key in result:
 print(key)

>>{'second': datetime.datetime(2019,22,'number': 1}
>>{'second': datetime.datetime(2019,1),18),35),36),39,30),41,17),4,15),57,56),'number': 1}

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