Android AIDL實現與服務相互呼叫方式
通過AIDL介面在程序間傳遞資料,記錄在開發中遇到的一寫問題
AIDL支援資料型別如下:
1. Java 的原生型別
2. String 和CharSequence
3. List 和 Map,List和Map 物件的元素必須是AIDL支援的資料型別; 以上三種類型都不需要匯入(import)
4. AIDL 自動生成的介面 需要匯入(import)
5. 實現android.os.Parcelable 介面的類. 需要匯入(import)。
問題1 在傳遞非基礎資料時 在引數前需加修飾符
void getDatas(in byte[] bs); void DataWhole(in PackageData data); }
這裡重點是in、out、inout修飾符以及Parcelable的使用!常見的是in、Parcelable,少用的out、inout。
這幾種修飾符,可理解如下:
in:客戶端的引數輸入;
out:服務端的引數輸入;
inout:這個可以叫輸入輸出引數,客戶端可輸入、服務端也可輸入。客戶端輸入了引數到服務端後,服務端也可對該引數進行修改等,最後在客戶端上得到的是服務端輸出的引數。
問題2 傳遞物件時的必要操作
1.必需實現Parcelable介面,內部類必需為靜態內部類
2.需在aidl目錄建立同類名的AIDL檔案,並宣告Parcelable,如圖
AIDL檔案程式碼就兩行
問題3 引數大小的限制
如上在傳遞byte[] 長度大於1024*1024時會丟擲 TransactionTooLargeException 異常
問題4 實現與服務之間互相呼叫
1.在繫結服務時會返回一個實現了AIDL的物件,這樣可以通過物件呼叫服務中對應實現,
2.可以在應用層實現一個AIDL介面的物件,通過繫結服務返回的AIDL物件回傳給服務,這樣可以在服務中主動呼叫應用層的方法實現資料回傳通知,
//接收回調 INotification notification = new INotification.Stub() { @Override public void Datas(byte[] bs) throws RemoteException { Log.d(TAG,"Datas: 收到資料=" + Arrays.toString(bs));//已測試 最大資料1024*1024 } }
//傳遞迴調物件 void setNotification(in INotification Notification);
@Override public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name,IBinder service) { iAidlInterface = IAidlInterface.Stub.asInterface(service); try { iAidlInterface.setNotification(notification); } catch (RemoteException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } }
補充知識:在Android系統中實現AIDL功能
之前實現AIDL的功能都是通過eclipse或者android studio工具實現,最近由於專案需要,需要系統層提供介面給應用層使用,所以想到使用AIDL。下面已一個非常簡單的Demo來說明在Android系統平臺生成AIDL的jar供應用層使用。
一、AIDL的jar製作
首先新建一個android專案來用生產aidl的jar包,專案結構如下:
gunder@gunder:/mnt/hgfs/ubuntuShare/aidl/SimpleJar$ tree . ├── Android.mk └── src └── com └── china └── jar ├── IVoiceClientInterface.aidl └── VoiceManager.java
只有三個檔案,首先看一下IVoiceClientInterface.aidl檔案:
package com.china.jar; interface IVoiceClientInterface{ void face(); }
裡面只有一個簡單的方法face。 IVoiceClientInterface.aidl主要是伺服器端來實現的,而VoiceManager.java是供客戶端呼叫face方法使用的。VoiceManager.java具體實現如下:
package com.china.jar; import com.china.jar.IVoiceClientInterface; import android.os.Handler; import android.os.HandlerThread; import android.os.Message; import android.os.RemoteException; import android.util.Log; import android.os.ServiceManager; public class VoiceManager { private static final String TAG = "VoiceManager"; private static VoiceManager mVoiceManager; private static IVoiceClientInterface mService = null; public static final String NAME = "simple_jar"; public static final boolean DEBUG_DATA = true; private final HandlerThread mWorkThread; private final Handler mWorkHander; private static final int MSG_INIT_SERVICE = 0x01; //單例模式 public static synchronized VoiceManager getInstance(){ if (null == mVoiceManager){ synchronized (VoiceManager.class) { if (null == mVoiceManager){ mVoiceManager = new VoiceManager(); } } } return mVoiceManager; } private VoiceManager(){ mWorkThread = new HandlerThread("simple_manager"); mWorkThread.start(); mWorkHander = new Handler(mWorkThread.getLooper()){ @Override public void handleMessage(Message msg) { switch (msg.what) { case MSG_INIT_SERVICE: removeMessages(MSG_INIT_SERVICE); break; default: break; } } }; } //獲取服務端註冊的NAME服務並跟服務端建立連線 private synchronized IVoiceClientInterface getService(){ if (null == mService){ Log.e(TAG,"IVocieService init"); mService = IVoiceClientInterface.Stub.asInterface(ServiceManager .getService(NAME)); } if (null == mService){ Log.e(TAG,"jar service is null"); mWorkHander.removeMessages(MSG_INIT_SERVICE); mWorkHander.sendEmptyMessageDelayed(MSG_INIT_SERVICE,100); } return mService; } //呼叫服務端的face方法,實現兩個不同app之間的程序間通訊 public void face(){ Log.d(TAG,"face"); mService = getService(); if (null == mService){ Log.e(TAG,"face mService is null!"); return ; } try{ mService.face(); }catch(RemoteException e){ e.printStackTrace(); } } }
Android.mk檔案主要是用來將IVoiceClientInterface.aidl和VoiceManager.java編譯成jar包,以方便在eclipse或者Android Studio中使用。
LOCAL_PATH := $(call my-dir) include $(CLEAR_VARS) LOCAL_SRC_FILES := $(call all-java-files-under,src) LOCAL_JAVA_LIBRARIES := simple LOCAL_PACKAGE_NAME := SimpleService LOCAL_CERTIFICATE :=platform include $(BUILD_PACKAGE)
將該專案放置到android系統的packages/apps目錄單編就可以生產out/target/common/obj/JAVA_LIBRARIES/SimpleJar_intermediates/classes.jar,classes.jar就可以匯入eclipse或者Android Studio中使用。
二、服務端實現AIDL中的介面demo目錄結構如下:
gunder@gunder:/mnt/hgfs/ubuntuShare/aidl/SimpleJarService$ tree
.
├── AndroidManifest.xml
├── Android.mk
├── libs
│ └── simple.jar
├── res
│ ├── drawable-hdpi
│ │ └── ic_launcher.png
│ ├── drawable-ldpi
│ ├── drawable-mdpi
│ │ └── ic_launcher.png
│ ├── drawable-xhdpi
│ │ └── ic_launcher.png
│ ├── layout
│ ├── values
│ │ ├── strings.xml
│ │ └── styles.xml
│ ├── values-v11
│ │ └── styles.xml
│ └── values-v14
│ └── styles.xml
└── src
└── com
└── china
└── service
├── BootReceiverBroadcast.java
├── Logger.java
└── SimpleService.java
主要實現只有5個檔案:SimpleService.java、Logger.java、BootReceiverBroadcast.java、 Android.mk、 AndroidManifest.xml。SimpleService.java是實現AIDL的服務,具體實現如下:
package com.china.service; import com.china.jar.IVoiceClientInterface; import com.china.jar.VoiceManager; import android.app.Service; import android.content.Intent; import android.os.IBinder; import android.os.RemoteException; import android.os.ServiceManager; public class SimpleService extends Service{ private static VoiceClientInterfaceImpl mBinder; @Override public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) { Logger.d(); return mBinder;//跟客戶端繫結 } @Override public void onCreate() { super.onCreate(); Logger.d(); if (null == mBinder){ initService(); } } @Override public int onStartCommand(Intent intent,int flags,int startId) { Logger.d(); if (null == mBinder){ initService(); } return START_STICKY; } //實現AIDL的介面 private class VoiceClientInterfaceImpl extends IVoiceClientInterface.Stub{ @Override public void face() throws RemoteException { Logger.d("face----excute!");//客戶端呼叫face方法時這裡會執行,會列印face----excute! } } //初始化服務,主要是向系統註冊服務 private void initService(){ Logger.d(); if (null == mBinder){ synchronized (SimpleService.class) { if (null == mBinder){ try { mBinder = new VoiceClientInterfaceImpl(); ServiceManager.addService(VoiceManager.NAME,mBinder); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } } } }
Logger.java是列印Log的簡單封裝,具體如下:
package com.china.service; import android.util.Log; import java.util.Locale; public class Logger { public static final boolean DEBUG = true; public static final String DEFAULT_TAG = "AIOS_"; public Logger(){} public static void d(){ if (DEBUG){ Log.d(DEFAULT_TAG,getPrefix()); } } public static void d(String msg){ if (DEBUG){ Log.d(DEFAULT_TAG,getPrefix() + msg); } } public static void d(String msg,Throwable tr){ if (DEBUG){ Log.d(DEFAULT_TAG,getPrefix() + msg,tr); } } private static String getPrefix(){ StackTraceElement stackTraceElement = Thread.currentThread().getStackTrace()[4]; String className = stackTraceElement.getClassName(); int classNameStartIndex = className.lastIndexOf(".") + 1; className = className.substring(classNameStartIndex); String methodName = stackTraceElement.getMethodName(); int methodLine = stackTraceElement.getLineNumber(); String format = "%s_%s(L:%d)"; return String.format(Locale.CANADA,format,className,methodName,methodLine); } }
BootReceiverBroadcast.java是開機完成的時候拉起 SimpleService服務,具體實現如下:
package com.china.service; import android.content.BroadcastReceiver; import android.content.Context; import android.content.Intent; public class BootReceiverBroadcast extends BroadcastReceiver{ @Override public void onReceive(Context context,Intent intent) { Logger.d(); Intent service = new Intent(context,SimpleService.class);//開機啟動會拉起服務SimpleService context.startService(service); } }
Android.mk具體實現如下:
LOCAL_PATH := $(call my-dir) include $(CLEAR_VARS) LOCAL_SRC_FILES := $(call all-java-files-under,src) LOCAL_PACKAGE_NAME := SimpleService LOCAL_CERTIFICATE :=platform LOCAL_PRIVILEGED_MODULE := false LOCAL_DEX_PREOPT := false LOCAL_STATIC_JAVA_LIBRARIES := simple include $(BUILD_PACKAGE) include $(CLEAR_VARS) LOCAL_MODULE_TAGS := optional LOCAL_PREBUILT_STATIC_JAVA_LIBRARIES :=simple:libs/simple.jar include $(BUILD_MULTI_PREBUILT) include $(call all-makefiles-under,$(LOCAL_PATH))
這裡的simple.jar是第一步中製作的classes.jar。 AndroidManifest.xml配置檔案如下:
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" package="com.chinatsp.service" android:versionCode="1" android:versionName="1.0" android:sharedUserId="android.uid.system" > <uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion="8" android:targetSdkVersion="21" /> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.RECEIVE_BOOT_COMPLETED"/> <application android:allowBackup="true" android:icon="@drawable/ic_launcher" android:label="@string/app_name" android:theme="@style/AppTheme" > <service android:name="com.china.service.SimpleService"></service> <receiver android:name="com.china.service.BootReceiverBroadcast"> <intent-filter> <action android:name="android.intent.action.BOOT_COMPLETED"/> <!-- <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER"/> --> </intent-filter> </receiver> </application> </manifest>
到這裡服務端就實現完了。
三、客戶端實現AIDL的介面呼叫demo目錄結構如下:
gunder@gunder:/mnt/hgfs/ubuntuShare/aidl/SimpleJarClient$ tree
.
├── AndroidManifest.xml
├── Android.mk
├── libs
│ └── simple.jar
├── res
│ ├── drawable-hdpi
│ │ └── ic_launcher.png
│ ├── drawable-ldpi
│ ├── drawable-mdpi
│ │ └── ic_launcher.png
│ ├── drawable-xhdpi
│ │ └── ic_launcher.png
│ ├── drawable-xxhdpi
│ │ └── ic_launcher.png
│ ├── layout
│ │ ├── activity_main.xml
│ │ ├── activity_tss.xml
│ │ └── test.xml
│ ├── menu
│ ├── values
│ │ ├── dimens.xml
│ │ └── strings.xml
│ ├── values-v11
│ ├── values-v14
│ └── values-w820dp
│ └── dimens.xml
└── src
└── com
└── example
└── helloworld
├── TestVoice.java
└── util
└── Logger.java
這裡主要看5個檔案:Logger.java、 test.xml、TestVoice.java、Android.mk、AndroidManifest.xml,其中Logger.java跟服務端程式碼一樣的。TestVoice.java的實現也很簡單,在button呼叫face方法,具體實現如下:
package com.example.helloworld; import android.app.Activity; import android.os.Bundle; import android.view.View; import com.example.helloworld.util.Logger; public class TestVoice extends Activity{ @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.test); } public void startVoice(View view){ Logger.d(); } public void stopVoice(View view){ Logger.d(); com.china.jar.VoiceManager.getInstance().face(); } public void finishVoice(View view){ Logger.d(); finish(); } }
test.xml佈局如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent" android:orientation="vertical" > <Button android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:onClick="startVoice" android:text="@string/tts_start"/> <Button android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:onClick="stopVoice" android:text="@string/tts_stop"/> <Button android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:onClick="finishVoice" android:text="@string/tts_finish"/> </LinearLayout>
Android.mk實現如下:
LOCAL_PATH := $(call my-dir) include $(CLEAR_VARS) LOCAL_SRC_FILES := $(call all-java-files-under,src) LOCAL_STATIC_JAVA_LIBRARIES := simple LOCAL_PREBUILT_STATIC_JAVA_LIBRARIES := simple.jar #LOCAL_MODULE_TAGS :=optional LOCAL_PACKAGE_NAME := Hello #LOCAL_CERTIFICATE :=platform #LOCAL_PRIVILEGED_MODULE := false #LOCAL_DEX_PREOPT := false include $(BUILD_PACKAGE)
AndroidManifest.xml實現如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" package="com.example.helloworld" android:versionCode="1" android:versionName="1.0" > <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.MOUNT_UNMOUNT_FILESYSTEMS"/> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_WIFI_STATE" /> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE" /> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" /> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH" /> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN" /> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.CHANGE_WIFI_STATE" /> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_SETTINGS"/> <uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion="8" android:targetSdkVersion="21" /> <application android:allowBackup="true" android:icon="@drawable/ic_launcher" android:label="@string/app_name" > <activity android:name="com.example.helloworld.TestVoice" android:label="@string/app_name" > <intent-filter> <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" /> <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" /> </intent-filter> </activity> </application> </manifest>
到這裡客戶端也實現了。將服務端跟客戶端的apk安裝到系統就可以測試了。
測試結果列印如下:
以上這篇Android AIDL實現與服務相互呼叫方式就是小編分享給大家的全部內容了,希望能給大家一個參考,也希望大家多多支援我們。