tornado連線mysql資料庫與pymysql的簡單操作
reference:
本人的python是3.5,由於3.0後用的是pymysql,就不能用tornado自帶的torndb來進行簡單的連線操作。
Application這個類是初始化一些全域性變數,按照道理說裡邊的self.db 也應該能夠被其他類或者派生類呼叫的,但是
db這個屬性就是不行,無奈只好建立了一個全域性的db控制代碼,然後在HouseHandler類中根據這個db初始化一個例項。
當然要在Aplication中傳入這個字典引數:dict(db=db)
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# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
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"""
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Created on Wed Mar 21 16:49:24 2018
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@author: ming
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"""
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# coding:utf-8
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import os
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import tornado.web
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import tornado.ioloop
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import tornado.httpserver
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import tornado.options
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from tornado.options import options, define
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from tornado.web import RequestHandler
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#import torndb
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import pymysql
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'''
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python 2用torndb
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'''
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define("port", default=8000, type=int, help="run server on the given port.")
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db = pymysql.Connection(host='127.0.0.1', database='mysql', user='root', password='0000',charset='utf8')
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class HouseHandler(RequestHandler):
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def initialize(self, db):
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self.db = db
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print(1)
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def get(self):
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#db = self.db
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cur=db.cursor()
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print(type(cur))
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try:
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cur.execute("insert into houses(title, position, price, score, comments) values(%s, %s, %s, %s, %s)", ('獨立裝修小別 墅', '緊鄰文津街', 280, 4, 128) )
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except Exception as e:
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return self.write('cuo wu')
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db.commit()
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print("success")
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cur.close()
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# db.close()
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#self.write({"error":0,"errmsg":"db ok","data":[]})
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#這個類把登入資訊進行了繫結,保證連線的時候只例項化一次
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class Application(tornado.web.Application):
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def _init_(self,*args,**kwargs):
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self.a =1;
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super(Application,self)._init_(*args,**kwargs)
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#img_files = files.get('img')
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'''try:
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self.db = pymysql.Connection(host='127.0.0.1', database='mysql', user='root', password='0000')
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except Exception as e:
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#發生錯誤就不往下執行,而是向前端返回出錯資訊
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return self.write("haha")'''
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print("hahaaa")
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-
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settings = dict(
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template_path=os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), "templates"),
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static_path=os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), "statics"),
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debug=True,
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)
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if __name__ == "__main__":
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tornado.options.parse_command_line()
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app = Application([
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#(r"/", IndexHandler),
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(r"/house", HouseHandler,dict(db=db)),
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],**settings)
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http_server = tornado.httpserver.HTTPServer(app)
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http_server.listen(options.port)
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tornado.ioloop.IOLoop.current().start()
二:pymysql的簡單操作
(1)網上有個模擬注入攻擊的例子
在這個例項中不是建立一個全域性的連線,而是在post方法中建立一個連線,這種做法不提倡。
一、搭建環境
1、服務端的tornado主程式app.py如下:
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#!/usr/bin/env python3
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# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
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import tornado.ioloop
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import tornado.web
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import pymysql
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class LoginHandler(tornado.web.RequestHandler):
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def get(self):
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self.render('login.html')
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def post(self, *args, **kwargs):
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username = self.get_argument('username',None)
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pwd = self.get_argument('pwd', None)
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# 建立資料庫連線
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conn = pymysql.connect(host='127.0.0.1', port=3306, user='root', passwd='123456', db='shop')
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cursor = conn.cursor()
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# %s 要加上'' 否則會出現KeyboardInterrupt的錯誤
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temp = "select name from userinfo where name='%s' and password='%s'" % (username, pwd)
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effect_row = cursor.execute(temp)
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result = cursor.fetchone()
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conn.commit()
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cursor.close()
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conn.close()
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if result:
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self.write('登入成功!')
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else:
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self.write('登入失敗!')
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settings = {
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'template_path':'template',
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}
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application = tornado.web.Application([
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(r"/login", LoginHandler),
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],**settings)
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if __name__ == "__main__":
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application.listen(8000)
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tornado.ioloop.IOLoop.instance().start()
2、在template資料夾下,放入login.html檔案:
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<!DOCTYPE html>
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<html lang="en">
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<head>
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<meta charset="UTF-8">
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<title>Title</title>
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</head>
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<body>
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<form method="post" action="/login">
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<input type="text" name="username" placeholder="使用者名稱"/>
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<input type="text" name="pwd" placeholder="密碼"/>
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<input type="submit" value="提交" />
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</form>
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</body>
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</html>
3、在shop資料庫中建立userinfo資料表,並填入資料:

隨便新增兩條就好,明文就明文吧:

二、模擬登入
1、正常登入




以上都是“好使用者”的正常登入,我們看一下“壞傢伙”怎麼做。
2、非法登入
密碼不對也能登入:


看一下服務端執行的SQL語句,就不難理解了,密碼部分被註釋掉了:
select name from userinfo where name='dyan' -- n' and password='000'
賬戶密碼都不對照樣登入成功:


看執行的SQL語句:
select name from userinfo where name='badguy' or 1=1 -- y' and password='000'
三、使用cursor.execute方式防止注入
使用字串拼接的方式會導致SQL注入。在cursor.execute方法中對'
導致注入的符號做了轉義。
將app.py中下面兩行程式碼改為:
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# 導致SQL注入
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temp = "select name from userinfo where name='%s' and password='%s'" % (username, pwd)
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effect_row = cursor.execute(temp)
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# 防止SQL注入
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effect_row = cursor.execute("select name from userinfo where name='%s' and password='%s'",(username, pwd,))
再次嘗試注入:


錯誤原因,巴拉巴拉就是語法不對:
ymysql.err.ProgrammingError: (1064, "You have an error in your SQL syntax;
看看內部執行的語句,主要是對'
符號做了轉義防止注入:
select name from userinfo where name=''dyan\' -- n'' and password=''123''
二、使用操作
1. 執行SQL
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#!/usr/bin/env python
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# _*_ coding:utf-8 _*_
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__author__ = 'junxi'
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import pymysql
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# 建立連線
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conn = pymysql.connect(host='127.0.0.1', port=3306, user='blog', passwd='123456', db='blog', charset='utf8')
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# 建立遊標, 查詢資料預設為元組型別
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cursor = conn.cursor()
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# 執行SQL,並返回收影響行數
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row1 = cursor.execute("update users set password = '123'")
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print(row1)
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# 執行SQL,並返回受影響行數
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row2 = cursor.execute("update users set password = '456' where id > %s", (1,))
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print(row2)
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# 執行SQL,並返回受影響行數(使用pymysql的引數化語句防止SQL注入)
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row3 = cursor.executemany("insert into users(username, password, email)values(%s, %s, %s)", [("ceshi3", '333', '[email protected]'), ("ceshi4", '444', '[email protected]')])
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print(row3)
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# 提交,不然無法儲存新建或者修改的資料
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conn.commit()
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# 關閉遊標
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cursor.close()
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# 關閉連線
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conn.close()
提示:存在中文的時候,連線需要新增charset='utf8',否則中文顯示亂碼。
2、獲取查詢資料
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#!/usr/bin/env python
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# _*_ coding:utf-8 _*_
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__author__ = 'junxi'
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import pymysql
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# 建立連線
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conn = pymysql.connect(host='127.0.0.1', port=3306, user='blog', passwd='123456', db='blog', charset='utf8')
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# 建立遊標, 查詢資料預設為元組型別
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cursor = conn.cursor()
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cursor.execute("select * from users")
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# 獲取第一行資料
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row_1 = cursor.fetchone()
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print(row_1)
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# 獲取前n行資料
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row_n = cursor.fetchmany(3)
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print(row_n)
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# 獲取所有資料
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row_3 = cursor.fetchall()
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print(row_3)
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# 提交,不然無法儲存新建或者修改的資料
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conn.commit()
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# 關閉遊標
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cursor.close()
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# 關閉連線
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conn.close()
3、獲取新建立資料自增ID
可以獲取到最新自增的ID,也就是最後插入的一條資料ID
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#!/usr/bin/env python
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# _*_ coding:utf-8 _*_
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__author__ = 'junxi'
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import pymysql
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# 建立連線
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conn = pymysql.connect(host='127.0.0.1', port=3306, user='blog', passwd='123456', db='blog', charset='utf8')
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# 建立遊標, 查詢資料預設為元組型別
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cursor = conn.cursor()
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cursor.executemany("insert into users(username, password, email)values(%s, %s, %s)", [("ceshi3", '333', '[email protected]'), ("ceshi4", '444', '[email protected]')])
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new_id = cursor.lastrowid
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print(new_id)
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# 提交,不然無法儲存新建或者修改的資料
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conn.commit()
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# 關閉遊標
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cursor.close()
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# 關閉連線
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conn.close()
4、移動遊標
操作都是靠遊標,那對遊標的控制也是必須的
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注:在fetch資料時按照順序進行,可以使用cursor.scroll(num,mode)來移動遊標位置,如:
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cursor.scroll(1,mode='relative') # 相對當前位置移動
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cursor.scroll(2,mode='absolute') # 相對絕對位置移動
5、fetch資料型別
關於預設獲取的資料是元組型別,如果想要或者字典型別的資料,即:
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import pymysql
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# 建立連線
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conn = pymysql.connect(host='127.0.0.1', port=3306, user='blog', passwd='123456', db='blog', charset='utf8')
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# 遊標設定為字典型別
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cursor = conn.cursor(cursor=pymysql.cursors.DictCursor)
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# 左連線查詢
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r = cursor.execute("select * from users as u left join articles as a on u.id = a.user_id where a.user_id = 2")
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result = cursor.fetchall()
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print(result)
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# 查詢一個表的所有欄位名
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c = cursor.execute("SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM users FROM blog")
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cc = cursor.fetchall()
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# 提交,不然無法儲存新建或者修改的資料
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conn.commit()
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# 關閉遊標
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cursor.close()
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# 關閉連線
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conn.close()
檢視執行結果:
[{'user_id': 2, 'id': 2, 'password': '456', 'email': '[email protected]', 'a.id': 2, 'content': '成名之路', 'title': '星光大道', 'username': 'tangtang'}]
6、呼叫儲存過程
a、呼叫無參儲存過程
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#! /usr/bin/env python
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# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
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import pymysql
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conn = pymysql.connect(host='127.0.0.1', port=3306, user='blog', passwd='123456', db='blog', charset='utf8')
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#遊標設定為字典型別
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cursor = conn.cursor(cursor=pymysql.cursors.DictCursor)
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#無引數儲存過程
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cursor.callproc('p2') #等價於cursor.execute("call p2()")
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row_1 = cursor.fetchone()
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print row_1
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conn.commit()
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cursor.close()
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conn.close()
b、呼叫有參儲存過程
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#! /usr/bin/env python
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# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
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import pymysql
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conn = pymysql.connect(host='127.0.0.1', port=3306, user='blog', passwd='123456', db='blog', charset='utf8')
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cursor = conn.cursor(cursor=pymysql.cursors.DictCursor)
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cursor.callproc('p1', args=(1, 22, 3, 4))
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#獲取執行完儲存的引數,引數@開頭
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cursor.execute("select @p1,@_p1_1,@_p1_2,@_p1_3")
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# {u'@_p1_1': 22, u'@p1': None, u'@_p1_2': 103, u'@_p1_3': 24}
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row_1 = cursor.fetchone()
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print row_1
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conn.commit()
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cursor.close()
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conn.close()
三、關於pymysql防注入
1、字串拼接查詢,造成注入
正常查詢語句:
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#! /usr/bin/env python
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# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
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import pymysql
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conn = pymysql.connect(host='127.0.0.1', port=3306, user='blog', passwd='123456', db='blog', charset='utf8')
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cursor = conn.cursor()
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username = "ceshi1"
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password = "ceshi1passwd"
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# 正常構造語句的情況
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sql = "select username, password from users where user='%s' and pass='%s'" % (username, password)
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# sql = select username, password from users where user='ceshi1' and pass='ceshi1passwd'
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row_count = cursor.execute(sql)
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row_1 = cursor.fetchone()
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print row_count, row_1
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conn.commit()
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cursor.close()
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conn.close()
構造注入語句:
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#! /usr/bin/env python
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# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
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import pymysql
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conn = pymysql.connect(host='127.0.0.1', port=3306, user='blog', passwd='123456', db='blog', charset='utf8')
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cursor = conn.cursor()
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username = "u1' or '1'-- "
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password = "u1pass"
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sql="select username, password from users where username='%s' and password='%s'" % (username, password)
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# 拼接語句被構造成下面這樣,永真條件,此時就注入成功了。因此要避免這種情況需使用pymysql提供的引數化查詢。
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# select user,pass from tb7 where user='u1' or '1'-- ' and pass='u1pass'
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row_count = cursor.execute(sql)
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row_1 = cursor.fetchone()
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print row_count,row_1
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conn.commit()
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cursor.close()
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conn.close()
2、避免注入,使用pymysql提供的引數化語句
正常引數化查詢
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#! /usr/bin/env python
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# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
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import pymysql
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conn = pymysql.connect(host='127.0.0.1', port=3306, user='blog', passwd='123456', db='blog', charset='utf8')
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cursor = conn.cursor()
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username="u1"
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password="u1pass"
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#執行引數化查詢
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row_count=cursor.execute("select username,password from tb7 where username=%s and password=%s",(username,password))
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row_1 = cursor.fetchone()
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print row_count,row_1
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conn.commit()
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cursor.close()
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conn.close()
構造注入,引數化查詢注入失敗。
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#! /usr/bin/env python
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# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
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import pymysql
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conn = pymysql.connect(host='127.0.0.1', port=3306, user='blog', passwd='123456', db='blog', charset='utf8')
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cursor = conn.cursor()
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username="u1' or '1'-- "
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password="u1pass"
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#執行引數化查詢
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row_count=cursor.execute("select username,password from users where username=%s and password=%s",(username,password))
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#內部執行引數化生成的SQL語句,對特殊字元進行了加\轉義,避免注入語句生成。
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# sql=cursor.mogrify("select username,password from users where username=%s and password=%s",(username,password))
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# print sql
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#select username,password from users where username='u1\' or \'1\'-- ' and password='u1pass'被轉義的語句。
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row_1 = cursor.fetchone()
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print row_count,row_1
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conn.commit()
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cursor.close()
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conn.close()
結論:excute執行SQL語句的時候,必須使用引數化的方式,否則必然產生SQL注入漏洞。
3、使用存mysql儲過程動態執行SQL防注入
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使用MYSQL儲存過程自動提供防注入,動態傳入SQL到儲存過程執行語句。
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delimiter \\
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DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS proc_sql \\
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CREATE PROCEDURE proc_sql (
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in nid1 INT,
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in nid2 INT,
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in callsql VARCHAR(255)
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)
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BEGIN
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set @nid1 = nid1;
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set @nid2 = nid2;
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set @callsql = callsql;
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PREPARE myprod FROM @callsql;
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-- PREPARE prod FROM 'select * from users where nid>? and nid<?'; 傳入的值為字串,?為佔位符
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-- 用@p1,和@p2填充佔位符
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EXECUTE myprod USING @nid1,@nid2;
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DEALLOCATE prepare myprod;
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END\\
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delimiter ;
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set @nid1=12;
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set @nid2=15;
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set @callsql = 'select * from users where nid>? and nid<?';
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CALL proc_sql(@nid1,@nid2,@callsql)
pymsql中呼叫
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#! /usr/bin/env python
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# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
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import pymysql
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conn = pymysql.connect(host='127.0.0.1', port=3306, user='blog', passwd='123456', db='blog', charset='utf8')
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cursor = conn.cursor()
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sql1="select * from users where nid>? and nid<?"
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cursor.callproc('proc_sql', args=(11, 15, sql1))
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rows = cursor.fetchall()
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print rows
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conn.commit()
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cursor.close()
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conn.close()
四、使用with簡化連線過程
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# 使用with簡化連線過程,每次都連線關閉很麻煩,使用上下文管理,簡化連線過程
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import pymysql
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import contextlib
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# 定義上下文管理器,連線後自動關閉連線
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@contextlib.contextmanager
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def mysql(host='127.0.0.1', port=3306, user='blog', passwd='123456', db='blog', charset='utf8'):
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conn = pymysql.connect(host=host, port=port, user=user, passwd=passwd, db=db, charset=charset)
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cursor = conn.cursor(cursor=pymysql.cursors.DictCursor)
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try:
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yield cursor
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finally:
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conn.commit()
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cursor.close()
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conn.close()
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# 執行sql
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with mysql() as cursor:
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# 左連線查詢
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r = cursor.execute("select * from users as u left join articles as a on u.id = a.user_id where a.user_id = 2")
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result = cursor.fetchall()
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print(result)
檢視執行結果:
[{'title': '星光大道', 'username': 'tangtang', 'user_id': 2, 'email': '[email protected]', 'a.id': 2, 'content': '成名之路', 'password': '456', 'id': 2}]