軟RAID搭建-基於linux系統搭建RAID1
阿新 • • 發佈：2020-12-15
實驗二、軟RAID搭建-基於linux系統搭建RAID1
實驗要求：
1)建立RAID1;
2)新增一個熱備盤
3模擬故障，自動頂替故障盤
4從raid1中移除故障盤
- 搭建：【建立-儲存配置資訊-檢視陣列資訊】
1.建立：
mdadm -C -v /dev/md1 -l 1 -n 2 -x 1 /dev/sd[d,e,f]
[[email protected] ~]# mdadm -C -v /dev/md1 -l 1 -n 2 -x 1 /dev/sd[d,e,f]
mdadm: Note: this array has metadata at the start 2.儲存陣列資訊：
mdadm -Dsv > /etc/mdadm.conf
3.檢視陣列資訊：
mdadm -Dsv 或 mdadm -D /dev/md1
可以看到同步進度
[[email protected] ~]# mdadm -Dsv > /etc/mdadm.conf
[[email protected] ~]# mdadm -D /dev/md1
/dev/md1:
Version : 1.2
Creation Time : Tue Dec 15 03:07:16 2020
Raid Level : raid1
Array Size : 20954112 ( 4.檢視
cat /proc/mdstat
[[email protected] ~]# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid0] [raid1]
md1 : active raid1 sdf[2](S) sde[1] sdd[0]
20954112 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU]
[=========>...........] resync = 49.2% (10327424/20954112) finish=2.1min speed=82512K/sec
md0 : active raid0 sdc[1] sdb[0]
41908224 blocks super 1.2 512k chunks
unused devices: <none>
- 使用【格式化陣列-建立掛載點-掛載-寫入資料-檢視檔案系統大小】
5.格式化陣列
mkfs.xfs /dev/md1
[[email protected] ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/md1
meta-data=/dev/md1 isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=1309632 blks
= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=1 finobt=0, sparse=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=5238528, imaxpct=25
= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log =internal log bsize=4096 blocks=2560, version=2
= sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
6.建立掛載目錄並掛載
mkdir /raid1
mount /dev/md1 /raid1
[[email protected] ~]# mkdir /raid1
[[email protected] ~]# mount /dev/md1 /dev/raid1
mount: mount point /dev/raid1 does not exist
[[email protected] ~]# mount /dev/md1 /raid1
[[email protected] ~]#
7.寫入資料測試
cp /etc/passwd /raid1/
cp -r /boot/grub /raid1/
8.檢視檔案系統大小,確認有資料
df -h
[[email protected] ~]# cp /boot/grub/ /raid1/
cp: omitting directory ‘/boot/grub/’
[[email protected] ~]# cp /boot/grub /raid1/
cp: omitting directory ‘/boot/grub’
[[email protected] ~]# cp -r /boot/grub /raid1/
[[email protected] ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs 898M 0 898M 0% /dev
tmpfs 910M 0 910M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 910M 9.6M 901M 2% /run
tmpfs 910M 0 910M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/centos-root 17G 1.3G 16G 8% /
/dev/md0 40G 33M 40G 1% /raid0
/dev/sda1 1014M 151M 864M 15% /boot
tmpfs 182M 0 182M 0% /run/user/0
/dev/md1 20G 33M 20G 1% /raid1
- 模擬故障【模擬故障盤-檢查是否自動切換備用盤-儲存配置資訊】
9.模擬故障盤sde
mdadm /dev/md1 -f /dev/sde
[[email protected] ~]# mdadm /dev/md1 -f /dev/sde
mdadm: set /dev/sde faulty in /dev/md1
[[email protected] ~]#
10.檢視備用盤是否已經自動頂替,自動同步
mddm -D /dev/md1
[[email protected] ~]# mdadm -D /dev/md1
/dev/md1:
Version : 1.2
Creation Time : Tue Dec 15 03:07:16 2020
Raid Level : raid1
Array Size : 20954112 (19.98 GiB 21.46 GB)
Used Dev Size : 20954112 (19.98 GiB 21.46 GB)
Raid Devices : 2
Total Devices : 3
Persistence : Superblock is persistent
Update Time : Tue Dec 15 03:16:45 2020
State : clean, degraded, recovering
Active Devices : 1
Working Devices : 2
Failed Devices : 1
Spare Devices : 1
Consistency Policy : resync
Rebuild Status : 11% complete
Name : 192.168.74.128:1 (local to host 192.168.74.128)
UUID : af8a3ec5:715b9882:5ae40383:db213061
Events : 22
Number Major Minor RaidDevice State
0 8 48 0 active sync /dev/sdd
2 8 80 1 spare rebuilding /dev/sdf
1 8 64 - faulty /dev/sde
11.更改以後需要儲存磁碟資訊
mdadm -Dsv > /etc/mdadm.conf
12.檢視資料是否丟失
ls /raid1/
[[email protected] ~]# ls /raid1/
grub passwd
[[email protected] ~]#
- 移除/新增裝置【移除盤-新增盤】
13.移除損壞裝置sde,並檢視
mdadm -r /dev/md1 /dev/sde
mdadm -D /dev/md1
[[email protected] ~]# mdadm -r /dev/md1 /dev/sde
mdadm: hot removed /dev/sde from /dev/md1
[[email protected] ~]# mdadm -D /dev/md1
/dev/md1:
Version : 1.2
Creation Time : Tue Dec 15 03:07:16 2020
Raid Level : raid1
Array Size : 20954112 (19.98 GiB 21.46 GB)
Used Dev Size : 20954112 (19.98 GiB 21.46 GB)
Raid Devices : 2
Total Devices : 2
Persistence : Superblock is persistent
Update Time : Tue Dec 15 03:17:52 2020
State : clean, degraded, recovering
Active Devices : 1
Working Devices : 2
Failed Devices : 0
Spare Devices : 1
Consistency Policy : resync
Rebuild Status : 36% complete
Name : 192.168.74.128:1 (local to host 192.168.74.128)
UUID : af8a3ec5:715b9882:5ae40383:db213061
Events : 31
Number Major Minor RaidDevice State
0 8 48 0 active sync /dev/sdd
2 8 80 1 spare rebuilding /dev/sdf
14新增裝置sde,並檢視
mdadm -a /dev/md1 /dev/sde
mdadm -D /dev/md1
[[email protected] ~]# mdadm -a /dev/md1 /dev/sde
mdadm: added /dev/sde
[[email protected] ~]# mdadm -D /dev/md1
/dev/md1:
Version : 1.2
Creation Time : Tue Dec 15 03:07:16 2020
Raid Level : raid1
Array Size : 20954112 (19.98 GiB 21.46 GB)
Used Dev Size : 20954112 (19.98 GiB 21.46 GB)
Raid Devices : 2
Total Devices : 3
Persistence : Superblock is persistent
Update Time : Tue Dec 15 03:18:48 2020
State : clean, degraded, recovering
Active Devices : 1
Working Devices : 3
Failed Devices : 0
Spare Devices : 2
Consistency Policy : resync
Rebuild Status : 55% complete
Name : 192.168.74.128:1 (local to host 192.168.74.128)
UUID : af8a3ec5:715b9882:5ae40383:db213061
Events : 36
Number Major Minor RaidDevice State
0 8 48 0 active sync /dev/sdd
2 8 80 1 spare rebuilding /dev/sdf
3 8 64 - spare /dev/sde
實驗結果:
磁碟sde sdd做raid1，命名md1,sdf作為熱備盤，自動頂替
分析：實驗一和實驗二做對比，可看出Raid0磁碟利用率=100%，陣列大小為所有磁碟大小之和。Raid1利用率為50%，稱為映象盤。
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Raid1常用於資料庫、系統盤，保證資料安全性。
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