阿里雲Mqtt連線報錯解決
阿新 • • 發佈：2020-12-18
關於The Client identifier is correct UTF-8 but not allowed by the Server連線報錯解決
錯誤原因
如果是使用阿里雲平臺進行mqtt的裝置連線，那麼在匯入PubSubClient庫的時候進行裝置mqtt連線的時候可能會出現如下的錯誤：
The Client identifier is correct UTF-8 but not allowed by the Server
因為在庫裡面預設的mqtt包和keepalive，以及超時的時間都比較小，很可能會還沒連上就報錯了。
阿里雲物聯網平臺要求 CONNECT指令中需包含Keep Alive（保活時間）。保活心跳時間取值範圍為30至1200秒。如果心跳時間不在此區間內，物聯網平臺會拒絕連線。建議取值300秒以上。如果網路不穩定，將心跳時間設定高一些。
解決方法：
進入目錄： C:\Users\admin\Documents\Arduino\libraries\PubSubClient\src
找到下面的.h檔案對其進行引數修改
可修改引數如下：
// MQTT_VERSION : Pick the version
//#define MQTT_VERSION MQTT_VERSION_3_1
#ifndef MQTT_VERSION
#define MQTT_VERSION MQTT_VERSION_3_1_1
#endif
// MQTT_MAX_PACKET_SIZE : Maximum packet size
#ifndef MQTT_MAX_PACKET_SIZE （附）阿里雲裝置連線
下面是可以通過修改三元組資訊進行伺服器連線的程式碼，可以直接通過Arduino進行燒錄，僅做程式碼參考，具體連線教程可以看菜鳥哥的部落格進行同步學習： https://blog.csdn.net/dpjcn1990/article/details/104561464
#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
#include <ArduinoJson.h>
#include <PubSubClient.h>
#include <WiFiClientSecure.h>
const char* WIFI_SSID = "WiFi賬號"; // WiFi賬號
const char* WIFI_PASSWORD = "WiFi密碼"; // WiFi密碼
/******************產品/裝置配置(每個人需要根據自己的產品裝置資訊去動態更換)**********************/
#define PRODUCT_KEY "產品key" //產品key 從產品詳情獲取
#define DEVICE_NAME "裝置deviceName " //裝置deviceName 從裝置詳情獲取
// 服務端相關
#define MQTT_SERVER PRODUCT_KEY ".iot-as-mqtt.cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com" //阿里雲MQTT服務地址
#define MQTT_PORT 1883 //MQTT服務埠
// 校驗三元組
#define MQTT_CLIENT_ID DEVICE_NAME "|securemode=3,signmethod=hmacsha1|" //mqtt clientid
#define MQTT_USERNAME DEVICE_NAME "&" PRODUCT_KEY //mqtt username
#define MQTT_PASSWORD "password" //mqtt password 通過生成工具獲得
// 相關主題 自定義一個主題
#define TOPIC1 "/" PRODUCT_KEY "/" DEVICE_NAME "/user/setledstatus"
/*************************************************************************************************/
void mqtt_callback (char* topic, byte* payload, unsigned int length);
void doWiFiTick();
void connect_wifi();
void connectToMqtt();
const __FlashStringHelper* connectErrorToString(int8_t code);
WiFiClient client;
PubSubClient mqttclient(MQTT_SERVER, MQTT_PORT, &mqtt_callback, client);
bool ICACHE_FLASH_ATTR connectHTTPS() {
Serial.print("connecting to ");
Serial.println(MQTT_SERVER);
if (!client.connect(MQTT_SERVER, MQTT_PORT)) {
Serial.println(F("connection failed"));
return false;
}
else {
Serial.println(F("connection succeed"));
return true;
}
}
void setup() {
// put your setup code here, to run once:
delay(2000);
Serial.begin(115200);
pinMode(LED_BUILTIN, OUTPUT);
Serial.println("");
}
void loop() {
// put your main code here, to run repeatedly:
ESP.wdtFeed();
doWiFiTick();
if (WiFi.status() == WL_CONNECTED) {
connectToMqtt();
mqttclient.loop();
}
delay(2000);
}
/**
* 功能：連線到WiFi熱點
*/
void connect_wifi() {
WiFi.disconnect();
WiFi.mode(WIFI_STA);
WiFi.begin(WIFI_SSID, WIFI_PASSWORD);
while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) {
delay(500);
Serial.print(".");
}
Serial.print(F("\nWiFi connected to "));
Serial.println(WIFI_SSID);
Serial.print(F("IP address: "));
Serial.println(WiFi.localIP());
}
/**
* 功能：連線到Mqtt
*/
void connectToMqtt() {
if (mqttclient.connected()) {
return;
}
Serial.print(F("Connecting to MQTT... "));
int8_t ret;
uint8_t retries = 3;
while (!mqttclient.connect(MQTT_CLIENT_ID, MQTT_USERNAME,MQTT_PASSWORD)) { // connect will return true for connected
Serial.println(connectErrorToString(mqttclient.state()));
Serial.println(F("Retrying MQTT connection in 5 seconds..."));
mqttclient.disconnect();
delay(5000); // wait 5 seconds
retries--;
if (retries == 0) {
// basically die and wait for WDT to reset me
while (1);
}
yield();
}
Serial.println(F("Success!"));
// 訂閱主題
mqttclient.subscribe(TOPIC1);
}
/**
* 功能：連線路由心跳函式
*/
void doWiFiTick() {
static bool taskStarted = false;
static bool startSTAFlag = false;
static uint32_t lastWiFiCheckTick = 0;
if (!startSTAFlag) {
startSTAFlag = true;
Serial.print("connect to ap:");
Serial.println(WIFI_SSID);
WiFi.disconnect();
WiFi.mode(WIFI_STA);
WiFi.begin(WIFI_SSID, WIFI_PASSWORD);
Serial.printf("Heap size:%d\r\n", ESP.getFreeHeap());
}
//未連線1s重連
if ( WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED ) {
if (millis() - lastWiFiCheckTick > 1000) {
lastWiFiCheckTick = millis();
Serial.print(".");
}
}
//連線成功建立
else {
if (taskStarted == false) {
taskStarted = true;
Serial.print("\r\nGet IP Address: ");
Serial.println(WiFi.localIP());
}
}
}
/**
* 功能：MQTT回撥
* 引數：
* 1. topic 主題
* 2. payload 載體
* 3. length 載體長度
*/
void mqtt_callback (char* topic, byte* payload, unsigned int length) {
byte *end = payload + length;
for (byte *p = payload; p < end; ++p) {
Serial.print(*((const char *)p));
}
Serial.println("");
parseMqttResponse((char *)payload);
}
/**
* 解析mqtt資料
*/
void parseMqttResponse(char* payload){
Serial.println("start parseOneNetMqttResponse");
StaticJsonBuffer<100> jsonBuffer;
// StaticJsonBuffer 在棧區分配記憶體 它也可以被 DynamicJsonBuffer（記憶體在堆區分配） 代替
// DynamicJsonBuffer jsonBuffer;
JsonObject& root = jsonBuffer.parseObject(payload);
// Test if parsing succeeds.
if (!root.success()) {
Serial.println("parseObject() failed");
return ;
}
String deviceName = root["dn"];
int status = root["s"];
if(strcmp(DEVICE_NAME,deviceName.c_str())== 0){
if (status == 1) {
digitalWrite(LED_BUILTIN, LOW);
} else {
digitalWrite(LED_BUILTIN, HIGH);
}
}
}
/**
* 功能：列印錯誤
* 引數：
* 1. code 錯誤碼
*/
const __FlashStringHelper* connectErrorToString(int8_t code) {
switch (code) {
case 1: return F("The Server does not support the level of the MQTT protocol requested");
case 2: return F("The Client identifier is correct UTF-8 but not allowed by the Server");
case 3: return F("The MQTT service is unavailable");
case 4: return F("The data in the user name or password is malformed");
case 5: return F("Not authorized to connect");
case 6: return F("Exceeded reconnect rate limit. Please try again later.");
case 7: return F("You have been banned from connecting. Please contact the MQTT server administrator for more details.");
case -1: return F("Connection failed");
case -2: return F("Failed to subscribe");
case -3: return F("Connection Lost");
case -4: return F("Connection Timeout");
default: return F("Unknown error");
}
}