RabbitMQ 安裝及服務化
阿新 • • 發佈：2020-12-21
一、RabbitMQ執行需要的基礎環境，Erlang安裝
1.從官網（http://erlang.org/download/）下載安裝包，示例版本：otp_src_21.3.tar.gz
2.解壓otp_src_21.3.tar.gz
tar -zvxf opt_src_21.3.tar.gz
3.配置
./configure
或者
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/erlang
4.編譯
make install
或
make && make install
5.環境變數配置
vi /etc/profile
在檔案末尾加一行
PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/erlang/bin
儲存檔案並退出：
Esc
:wq
執行指令，使檔案生效
source /etc/profile
6.驗證安裝是否成功
[root@localhost ~]# erl Erlang/OTP 21 [erts-10.3] [source] [64-bit] [smp:4:4] [ds:4:4:10] [async-threads:1] [hipe] Eshell V10.3 (abort with ^G) 1> exit 1> quit 1> halt() 1> halt(). * 2: syntax error before: quit 1> halt()。 * 1: illegal character 1> halt(). [root@localhost ~]# erl Erlang/OTP 21 [erts-10.3] [source] [64-bit] [smp:4:4] [ds:4:4:10] [async-threads:1] [hipe] Eshell V10.3 (abort with ^G) 1> ssl:versions(). [{ssl_app,"9.2"}, {supported,['tlsv1.2','tlsv1.1',tlsv1]}, {supported_dtls,['dtlsv1.2',dtlsv1]}, {available,['tlsv1.2','tlsv1.1',tlsv1,sslv3]}, {available_dtls,['dtlsv1.2',dtlsv1]}] 2> halt(). [root@localhost ~]#
至此，Erlang安裝成功。
注意：Erlang執行還需要以下基礎環境
yum -y install make gcc gcc-c++ kernel-devel m4 ncurses-devel openssl-devel
二、RabbitMQ安裝
1.從官網（https://www.rabbitmq.com/releases/rabbitmq-server/v3.6.15/）下載安裝包，示例版本：rabbitmq-server-generic-unix-3.7.10.tar.xz
2.解壓rabbitmq-server-generic-unix-3.7.10.tar.xz
xz -d rabbitmq-server-generic-unix-3.7.10.tar.xz tar -xvf rabbitmq-server-generic-unix-3.7.10.tar 或者 tar xvjf rabbitmq-server-generic-unix-3.7.10..tar.xz
3.配置環境變數
vi /etc/profile
在檔案末尾新增一行：
#set rabbitmq enviroment
PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/rabbitmq_server-3.6.15/sbin
Esc
:wq
4.啟動RabbitMQ
[root@localhost rabbitmq_server-3.7.10]# ./sbin/rabbitmq-server
## ##
## ## RabbitMQ 3.7.10. Copyright (C) 2007-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc.
########## Licensed under the MPL. See http://www.rabbitmq.com/
###### ##
########## Logs: /home/h4kit/tools/rabbitmq_server-3.7.10/var/log/rabbitmq/[email protected]
/home/h4kit/tools/rabbitmq_server-3.7.10/var/log/rabbitmq/rabbit@localhost_upgrade.log
Starting broker...
completed with 5 plugins.
5.啟動RabbitMQ管理後臺
[root@localhost rabbitmq_server-3.7.10]# ./sbin/rabbitmq-plugins enable rabbitmq_management
Enabling plugins on node rabbit@localhost:
rabbitmq_management
The following plugins have been configured:
rabbitmq_delayed_message_exchange
rabbitmq_management
rabbitmq_management_agent
rabbitmq_mqtt
rabbitmq_web_dispatch
Applying plugin configuration to rabbit@localhost...
Plugin configuration unchanged.
[root@localhost rabbitmq_server-3.7.10]#
6.後臺啟動rabbitmq
[root@localhost rabbitmq_server-3.7.10]# ./sbin/rabbitmq-server -detach
## ##
## ## RabbitMQ 3.7.10. Copyright (C) 2007-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc.
########## Licensed under the MPL. See http://www.rabbitmq.com/
###### ##
########## Logs: /home/h4kit/tools/rabbitmq_server-3.7.10/var/log/rabbitmq/[email protected]
/home/h4kit/tools/rabbitmq_server-3.7.10/var/log/rabbitmq/rabbit@localhost_upgrade.log
Starting broker...
completed with 5 plugins.
7.訪問管理後臺
http://127.0.0.1:15672/
至此，RabbitMQ安裝完成。但是需要注意的是RabbitMQ預設賬號密碼為guest/guest，只能本機訪問。所以需要建立一個遠端訪問的使用者，並設定管理員許可權。具體如下：
新增使用者:
rabbitmqctl add_user test test
新增許可權：
rabbitmqctl set_permissions -p "/" test ".*" ".*" ".*"
修改使用者角色：
rabbitmqctl set_user_tags test administrator
三、RabbitMQ常用命令列
1.啟動方式
rabbitmq-server -detached 後臺啟動
rabbitmq-server 直接啟動
2.服務管理
rabbitmq-service install 安裝服務
rabbitmq-service start 開始服務
rabbitmq-service stop 停止服務
rabbitmq-service enable 使服務有效
rabbitmq-service disable 使服務無效
rabbitmq-service help 幫助
3.關閉
rabbitmqctl stop
4.rabbitmq管理外掛啟用
rabbitmq-plugins enable rabbitmq_management 啟用後臺管理外掛視覺化介面
rabbitmq-plugins disable rabbitmq_management 關閉後臺管理外掛視覺化介面
5.檢視服務狀態
rabbitmqctl status
[root@localhost rabbitmq_server-3.7.10]# ./sbin/rabbitmqctl status
Status of node rabbit@localhost ...
[{pid,3800},
{running_applications,
[{rabbitmq_management,"RabbitMQ Management Console","3.7.10"},
{rabbitmq_management_agent,"RabbitMQ Management Agent","3.7.10"},
{rabbitmq_delayed_message_exchange,"RabbitMQ Delayed Message Exchange",
"3.8.0"},
{rabbitmq_web_dispatch,"RabbitMQ Web Dispatcher","3.7.10"},
{rabbitmq_mqtt,"RabbitMQ MQTT Adapter","3.7.10"},
{rabbit,"RabbitMQ","3.7.10"},
{os_mon,"CPO CXC 138 46","2.4.7"},
{amqp_client,"RabbitMQ AMQP Client","3.7.10"},
{rabbit_common,
"Modules shared by rabbitmq-server and rabbitmq-erlang-client",
"3.7.10"},
{xmerl,"XML parser","1.3.19"},
{cowboy,"Small, fast, modern HTTP server.","2.6.1"},
{ranch,"Socket acceptor pool for TCP protocols.","1.7.1"},
{ssl,"Erlang/OTP SSL application","9.2"},
{public_key,"Public key infrastructure","1.6.5"},
{asn1,"The Erlang ASN1 compiler version 5.0.8","5.0.8"},
{mnesia,"MNESIA CXC 138 12","4.15.6"},
{jsx,"a streaming, evented json parsing toolkit","2.9.0"},
{cowlib,"Support library for manipulating Web protocols.","2.7.0"},
{crypto,"CRYPTO","4.4.1"},
{inets,"INETS CXC 138 49","7.0.6"},
{recon,"Diagnostic tools for production use","2.3.6"},
{lager,"Erlang logging framework","3.6.5"},
{goldrush,"Erlang event stream processor","0.1.9"},
{compiler,"ERTS CXC 138 10","7.3.2"},
{syntax_tools,"Syntax tools","2.1.7"},
{sasl,"SASL CXC 138 11","3.3"},
{stdlib,"ERTS CXC 138 10","3.8"},
{kernel,"ERTS CXC 138 10","6.3"}]},
{os,{unix,linux}},
{erlang_version,
"Erlang/OTP 21 [erts-10.3] [source] [64-bit] [smp:4:4] [ds:4:4:10] [async-threads:64] [hipe]\n"},
{memory,
[{connection_readers,42644},
{connection_writers,1452},
{connection_channels,5076},
{connection_other,74756},
{queue_procs,881148},
{queue_slave_procs,0},
{plugins,1720784},
{other_proc,22698808},
{metrics,237748},
{mgmt_db,259672},
{mnesia,130264},
{other_ets,2980584},
{binary,153832},
{msg_index,62944},
{code,23731442},
{atom,1172689},
{other_system,11885549},
{allocated_unused,12399008},
{reserved_unallocated,446464},
{strategy,rss},
{total,[{erlang,66039392},{rss,78884864},{allocated,78438400}]}]},
{alarms,[]},
{listeners,
[{clustering,25672,"::"},
{amqp,5672,"::"},
{mqtt,1883,"::"},
{http,15672,"::"}]},
{vm_memory_calculation_strategy,rss},
{vm_memory_high_watermark,0.4},
{vm_memory_limit,11712584089},
{disk_free_limit,50000000},
{disk_free,927859998720},
{file_descriptors,
[{total_limit,924},{total_used,12},{sockets_limit,829},{sockets_used,0}]},
{processes,[{limit,1048576},{used,449}]},
{run_queue,1},
{uptime,1540},
{kernel,{net_ticktime,60}}]
[root@localhost rabbitmq_server-3.7.10]#
四、常見問題總結
問題一：啟動rabbitMQ報錯，具體如下
./rabbitmq-server: line 80: erl: command not found
原因：Erlang和RabbitMQ環境變數沒有配置
問題二：啟動rabbitMQ報錯
Error description : noproc
原因：rabbitmq與erlang版本不一致，前往rabbitMQ官網查詢應下載版本
問題三：本地訪問成功，其他主機訪問失敗
原因：rabbitmq的管理埠15672，防火牆埠未開放
解決過程：
1.檢查防火牆是否啟用
systemctl status firewalld
2.檢查埠15672是否開放
firewall-cmd --query-port=15672/tcp
3.開放15672埠
firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=80/tcp
4. 重啟防火牆
firewall-cmd --reload
5.檢視埠15672是否開放
firewall-cmd --query-port=8080/tcp
問題四：
原因：系統預設的HOME是/root,可能造成erlang語言環境獲取不到HOME引數。
檢視一個erl程序：ps aux | grep beam
可以看出-home引數實在啟動的時候載入進去的，啟動一個erl例項。
解決：
問題五：
原因：erlang環境載入不到
解決：在rabbitmq-server檔案中加入
ERLANG_HOME=/usr/local/lib/erlang/erts-10.3/bin
PATH=$PATH:$ERLANG_HOME
問題六：
原因：erlang環境載入不到
解決：在rabbitmqctl檔案中加入
ERLANG_HOME=/usr/local/lib/erlang/erts-10.3/bin
PATH=$PATH:$ERLANG_HOME
五、系統服務
方式一、service服務
1.建立自動啟動指令碼
vi /etc/init.d/rabbitmq
#
# chkconfig: 2345 90 10
# description: start the RabbitMQ
#
#指令碼名稱
prog=rabbitmq
export HOME=/home/h4kit/tools/rabbitmq_server-3.7.10
PATH=$PATH:$HOME/sbin
#RabbitMQ安裝目錄
RABBITMQ_HOME=/home/h4kit/tools/rabbitmq_server-3.7.10/sbin
export RABBITMQ_HOME
case "$1" in
start)
echo "Starting RabbitMQ ..."
$RABBITMQ_HOME/rabbitmq-server start
;;
stop)
echo "Stopping RabbitMQ ..."
$RABBITMQ_HOME/rabbitmqctl stop
;;
restart)
echo "no restart command"
;;
*)
echo "Usage: $prog {start|stop|restart}"
;;
esac
exit 0
2.修改指令碼為可執行檔案
chmod a+x rabbitmq
3.檢視rabbitmq開機啟動情況
chkconfig --list
4.沒有rabbitmq，則新增到系統啟動佇列中
chkconfig --add rabbitmq
5.檢視rabbitmq開機啟動情況
chkconfig --list
方式二、systemctl服務
1.進入系統服務目錄
cd /usr/lib/systemd/system
2.建立檔案rabbitmq.service
3.編輯rabbitmq.service
vi rabbitmq.service
[Unit]
Description=rabbitmq
[Service]
#Type=forking
User=root
Group=root
KillMode=/home/h4kit/tools/rabbitmq_server-3.7.10/sbin/rabbitmqctl stop
PIDFile=/home/h4kit/tools/rabbitmq_server-3.7.10/rabbitmq.pid
Restart=no
ExecStart=/home/h4kit/tools/rabbitmq_server-3.7.10/sbin/rabbitmq-server start
PrivateTmp=true
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
4.重新載入systemd程式的配置檔案儲存檔案Esc :wq
systemctl start rabbitmq.service
5.檢視rabbitmq是否已啟動
方式一：
ps -ef|grep rabbitmq
[root@localhost ~]# ps -ef|grep rabbitmq
root 724 1 0 10:07 ? 00:00:00 /bin/sh /home/h4kit/tools/rabbitmq_server-3.7.10/sbin/rabbitmq-server start
root 1423 724 0 10:08 ? 00:00:05 /usr/local/lib/erlang/erts-10.3/bin/beam.smp -W w -A 64 -MBas ageffcbf -MHas ageffcbf -MBlmbcs 512 -MHlmbcs 512 -MMmcs 30 -P 1048576 -t 5000000 -stbt db -zdbbl 128000 -K true -B i -- -root /usr/local/lib/erlang -progname erl -- -home /root -- -pa /home/h4kit/tools/rabbitmq_server-3.7.10/ebin -noshell -noinput -s rabbit boot -sname rabbit@localhost -boot start_sasl -kernel inet_default_connect_options [{nodelay,true}] -sasl errlog_type error -sasl sasl_error_logger false -rabbit lager_log_root "/home/h4kit/tools/rabbitmq_server-3.7.10/var/log/rabbitmq" -rabbit lager_default_file "/home/h4kit/tools/rabbitmq_server-3.7.10/var/log/rabbitmq/[email protected]" -rabbit lager_upgrade_file "/home/h4kit/tools/rabbitmq_server-3.7.10/var/log/rabbitmq/rabbit@localhost_upgrade.log" -rabbit enabled_plugins_file "/home/h4kit/tools/rabbitmq_server-3.7.10/etc/rabbitmq/enabled_plugins" -rabbit plugins_dir "/home/h4kit/tools/rabbitmq_server-3.7.10/plugins" -rabbit plugins_expand_dir "/home/h4kit/tools/rabbitmq_server-3.7.10/var/lib/rabbitmq/mnesia/rabbit@localhost-plugins-expand" -os_mon start_cpu_sup false -os_mon start_disksup false -os_mon start_memsup false -mnesia dir "/home/h4kit/tools/rabbitmq_server-3.7.10/var/lib/rabbitmq/mnesia/rabbit@localhost" -kernel inet_dist_listen_min 25672 -kernel inet_dist_listen_max 25672 start
root 4171 3929 0 10:19 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto rabbitmq
[root@localhost ~]#
方式二：
systemctl status rabbitmq.service
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl status rabbitmq.service
● rabbitmq.service - rabbitmq
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/rabbitmq.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since 一 2020-12-21 10:07:52 CST; 13min ago
Main PID: 724 (rabbitmq-server)
CGroup: /system.slice/rabbitmq.service
├─ 724 /bin/sh /home/h4kit/tools/rabbitmq_server-3.7.10/sbin/rabbitmq-server start
├─1288 /usr/local/lib/erlang/erts-10.3/bin/epmd -daemon
├─1423 /usr/local/lib/erlang/erts-10.3/bin/beam.smp -W w -A 64 -MBas ageffcbf -MHas ageffcbf -MBlmbcs 512 -MHlmbcs 512 -MMmcs 30 -P 1048576 -t 5000000 -stbt db -zdbbl 128000 -K true -B i -- -r...
├─1658 erl_child_setup 1024
├─3216 inet_gethost 4
└─3217 inet_gethost 4
12月 21 10:07:52 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started rabbitmq.
12月 21 10:08:07 localhost.localdomain rabbitmq-server[724]: ## ##
12月 21 10:08:07 localhost.localdomain rabbitmq-server[724]: ## ## RabbitMQ 3.7.10. Copyright (C) 2007-2018 Pivotal Software, Inc.
12月 21 10:08:07 localhost.localdomain rabbitmq-server[724]: ########## Licensed under the MPL. See http://www.rabbitmq.com/
12月 21 10:08:07 localhost.localdomain rabbitmq-server[724]: ###### ##
12月 21 10:08:07 localhost.localdomain rabbitmq-server[724]: ########## Logs: /home/h4kit/tools/rabbitmq_server-3.7.10/var/log/rabbitmq/[email protected]
12月 21 10:08:07 localhost.localdomain rabbitmq-server[724]: /home/h4kit/tools/rabbitmq_server-3.7.10/var/log/rabbitmq/rabbit@localhost_upgrade.log
12月 21 10:08:07 localhost.localdomain rabbitmq-server[724]: Starting broker...
12月 21 10:08:09 localhost.localdomain rabbitmq-server[724]: completed with 5 plugins.
[root@localhost ~]#
6.設定開機自啟
systemctl enable rabbitmq
7.伺服器重啟
systemctl reboot
8.檢視rabbitmq是否已啟動，同5
1.建立自動啟動指令碼
vi /etc/init.d/rabbitmq
2.跳轉目錄
cd /etc/init.d
3.修改指令碼為可執行檔案
chmod a+x rabbitmq
4.檢視rabbitmq開機啟動情況
chkconfig --list
5.沒有rabbitmq，則新增到系統啟動佇列中
chkconfig --add rabbitmq
6.檢視rabbitmq開機啟動情況
chkconfig --list