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Linux——磁碟以及邏輯卷的介紹


磁碟以及邏輯卷的介紹

一:磁碟的介紹

1:磁碟的分割槽:

磁碟分割槽的型別:
主分割槽
擴充套件分割槽
邏輯分割槽
其中主分割槽加擴充套件分割槽最多有4個,擴充套件分割槽不能存資料,擴充套件分割槽只能有一個對一個磁碟來說;但是有一個
缺陷:只能存資料,不能安裝系統,即便是安裝了,也不能啟動。

特殊:把一個磁碟可以直接做成一個擴充套件分割槽,在擴充套件分割槽上,建立邏輯分割槽,

2:格式化:

分割槽完成之後,格式化(建立檔案系統)
Linux上的檔案系統(單機檔案系統)
ext3,ext4,xfs(centos7上有)

3:掛載(凡是塊裝置,想要使用必須掛載),掛載到一個目錄上,這個目錄叫做掛載點;

例項:
首先新增一塊硬碟

檢視是否存在這塊硬碟:

[root@node03 ~]# lsblk
NAME            MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda               8:0    0   20G  0 disk 
├─sda1            8:1    0  500M  0 part /boot
└─sda2            8:2    0 19.5G  0 part 
  ├─centos-root 253:0    0 17.5G  0 lvm  /
  └─centos-swap 253:1    0    2G  0 lvm  [SWAP]
sdb               8:16   0    8G  0 disk 
sr0              11:0    1    4G  0 rom  
[root@node03 ~]# 

開始分割槽:

磁碟存放在/dev/下

[root@node03 ~]# lsblk
NAME            MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda               8:0    0   20G  0 disk 
├─sda1            8:1    0  500M  0 part /boot
└─sda2            8:2    0 19.5G  0 part 
  ├─centos-root 253:0    0 17.5G  0 lvm  /
  └─centos-swap 253:1    0    2G  0 lvm  [SWAP]
sdb               8:16   0    8G  0 disk 
sr0              11:0    1    4G  0 rom  
[root@node03 ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).

Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.

Device does not contain a recognized partition table
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x9e93954e.

Command (m for help): 
Command (m for help): m
Command action
   a   toggle a bootable flag
   b   edit bsd disklabel
   c   toggle the dos compatibility flag
   d   delete a partition
   g   create a new empty GPT partition table
   G   create an IRIX (SGI) partition table
   l   list known partition types
   m   print this menu
   n   add a new partition
   o   create a new empty DOS partition table
   p   print the partition table
   q   quit without saving changes
   s   create a new empty Sun disklabel
   t   change a partition's system id
   u   change display/entry units
   v   verify the partition table
   w   write table to disk and exit
   x   extra functionality (experts only)


其中常用的指令:
n:add新增一個分割槽
d:delete刪除
w:儲存退出
q:退出不儲存
t:修改分割槽的id
p:顯示分割槽的結果


Partition type:
   p   primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)    代表主分割槽
   e   extended													代表擴充套件分割槽

建立500M的分割槽:+500M


建立檔案系統:

mkfs -t 檔案系統  磁碟分割槽名稱
或者

mkfs.檔案系統  磁碟分割槽名稱
[root@node03 ~]# mkfs.
mkfs.btrfs   mkfs.cramfs  mkfs.ext2    mkfs.ext3    mkfs.ext4    mkfs.minix   mkfs.xfs 

例項2:
主分割槽1 ,為500M,掛載到 /bj
主分割槽2,為500M,掛載到/sh
邏輯分割槽5:為500M,掛載到/tj
邏輯分割槽6:為500M,掛載到/wh
建立ext4的檔案系統;

1.建立分割槽
[root@node03 ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb 
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).

Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.

Device does not contain a recognized partition table
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x52e91368.

Command (m for help): m
Command action
   a   toggle a bootable flag
   b   edit bsd disklabel
   c   toggle the dos compatibility flag
   d   delete a partition
   g   create a new empty GPT partition table
   G   create an IRIX (SGI) partition table
   l   list known partition types
   m   print this menu
   n   add a new partition
   o   create a new empty DOS partition table
   p   print the partition table
   q   quit without saving changes
   s   create a new empty Sun disklabel
   t   change a partition's system id
   u   change display/entry units
   v   verify the partition table
   w   write table to disk and exit
   x   extra functionality (experts only)

Command (m for help): 


建立主分割槽1
Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
   p   primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
   e   extended
Select (default p): p
Partition number (1-4, default 1): 
First sector (2048-16777215, default 2048): 
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-16777215, default 16777215): +500M
Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 500 MiB is set

建立主分割槽2
Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
   p   primary (1 primary, 0 extended, 3 free)
   e   extended
Select (default p): p
Partition number (2-4, default 2): 
First sector (1026048-16777215, default 1026048): 
Using default value 1026048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (1026048-16777215, default 16777215): +500M
Partition 2 of type Linux and of size 500 MiB is set

建立擴充套件分割槽,把剩餘的空間都給,擴充套件分割槽
Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
   p   primary (2 primary, 0 extended, 2 free)
   e   extended
Select (default p): e
Partition number (3,4, default 3): 
First sector (2050048-16777215, default 2050048): 
Using default value 2050048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2050048-16777215, default 16777215): 
Using default value 16777215
Partition 3 of type Extended and of size 7 GiB is set


建立邏輯分割槽:5
Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
   p   primary (2 primary, 1 extended, 1 free)
   l   logical (numbered from 5)
Select (default p): l
Adding logical partition 5
First sector (2052096-16777215, default 2052096): 
Using default value 2052096
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2052096-16777215, default 16777215): +500M 
Partition 5 of type Linux and of size 500 MiB is set

建立邏輯分割槽6
Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
   p   primary (2 primary, 1 extended, 1 free)
   l   logical (numbered from 5)
Select (default p): l
Adding logical partition 6
First sector (3078144-16777215, default 3078144): 
Using default value 3078144
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (3078144-16777215, default 16777215): +500M
Partition 6 of type Linux and of size 500 MiB is set

最後輸入:w代表儲存退出;

檢視創建出來的分割槽:

[root@node03 ~]# lsblk|grep sdb
sdb               8:16   0    8G  0 disk 
├─sdb1            8:17   0  500M  0 part 
├─sdb2            8:18   0  500M  0 part 
├─sdb3            8:19   0    1K  0 part 
├─sdb5            8:21   0  500M  0 part 
└─sdb6            8:22   0  500M  0 part 

分割槽創建出來,想要這個分割槽能正常使用,確保核心能識別到;

[root@node03 ~]# cat /proc/partitions 
major minor  #blocks  name

   8       16    8388608 sdb
   8       17     512000 sdb1
   8       18     512000 sdb2
   8       19          1 sdb3
   8       21     512000 sdb5
   8       22     512000 sdb6
   8        0   20971520 sda
   8        1     512000 sda1
   8        2   20458496 sda2
  11        0    4228096 sr0
 253        0   18317312 dm-0
 253        1    2097152 dm-1

為了避免不生效

partprobe /dev/sdb    磁碟名稱

建立檔案系統:

mkfs -t ext4 /dev/sdb1 
mkfs -t ext4 /dev/sdb2
mkfs -t ext4 /dev/sdb5
mkfs -t ext4 /dev/sdb6

建立掛載點

mkdir /{bj,sh,tj,wh}

掛載:(實現開機自動掛載)

[root@node03 ~]# cat /etc/fstab 

#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Sat Nov 28 23:28:09 2020
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
/dev/mapper/centos-root /                       xfs     defaults        0 0
UUID=77d39fde-4252-4586-a797-0cf0566a3e5c /boot                   xfs     defaults        0 0
/dev/mapper/centos-swap swap                    swap    defaults        0 0


/dev/sdb1       /bj    ext4     defaults 0 0
/dev/sdb2       /tj    ext4     defaults 0 0
/dev/sdb5       /wh    ext4     defaults 0 0 
/dev/sdb6       /sh    ext4     defaults 0 0

讓系統重新讀取以下/etc/fstab mount -a


[root@node03 ~]# mount -a

檢視:

[root@node03 ~]# df -Th
Filesystem              Type      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/centos-root xfs        18G  930M   17G   6% /
devtmpfs                devtmpfs  479M     0  479M   0% /dev
tmpfs                   tmpfs     489M     0  489M   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                   tmpfs     489M  6.7M  483M   2% /run
tmpfs                   tmpfs     489M     0  489M   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1               xfs       497M  125M  373M  25% /boot
tmpfs                   tmpfs      98M     0   98M   0% /run/user/0
/dev/sdb1               ext4      477M  2.3M  445M   1% /bj
/dev/sdb2               ext4      477M  2.3M  445M   1% /tj
/dev/sdb5               ext4      477M  2.3M  445M   1% /wh
/dev/sdb6               ext4      477M  2.3M  445M   1% /sh

取消掛載:

[root@node03 ~]# umount /dev/sdb6
[root@node03 ~]# df -Th
Filesystem              Type      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/centos-root xfs        18G  930M   17G   6% /
devtmpfs                devtmpfs  479M     0  479M   0% /dev
tmpfs                   tmpfs     489M     0  489M   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                   tmpfs     489M  6.7M  483M   2% /run
tmpfs                   tmpfs     489M     0  489M   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1               xfs       497M  125M  373M  25% /boot
tmpfs                   tmpfs      98M     0   98M   0% /run/user/0
/dev/sdb1               ext4      477M  2.3M  445M   1% /bj
/dev/sdb2               ext4      477M  2.3M  445M   1% /tj
/dev/sdb5               ext4      477M  2.3M  445M   1% /wh

檢視某一個裝置的id(檢視uuid的目的是,在掛載時可以用uuid)


[root@node03 ~]# blkid /dev/sdb6
/dev/sdb6: UUID="a0e776f0-e638-4efd-b2dd-2d95f7cc2c72" TYPE="ext4" 

二:邏輯卷的介紹

優勢:在常規使用磁碟時它有一個缺陷,比如我伺服器上有500G的磁碟,我要對其經行分割槽,格式化掛載,在磁碟中存放資料,當我的資料量大於磁碟的容量時,怎麼辦?
可以把這個磁碟擴容成一個較大容量,使用lvm方式管理磁碟;
lvm管理磁碟的過程:
它利用物理磁碟或分割槽虛擬出一個邏輯磁碟出來,將來儲存資料在這個虛擬的磁碟上;

1:首先把物理磁碟轉換成lvm管理的最基本的單位,pv(物理卷),物理卷的名字和磁碟的名字相同
2:拿一個或多個pv組成一個虛擬的磁碟池,這個磁碟池叫做VG(卷組),卷組叫什麼名自己起;
3:在卷組的基礎上建立邏輯卷(LV)

假設現在建立了一個lv,規劃的時候沒有規劃好,隨著資料越來越多,磁碟空間不夠大,可以擴充套件;而在擴充套件的時候原有的資料不會發生改變;
組成lv的底層裝置必須是裸裝置,裸裝置代表:沒有檔案系統。

工作流程:
磁碟/分割槽——》PV——》VG——》LV——》格式化——》掛載使用
建立PV:

pvcreate 磁碟/分割槽

檢視PV:

pvscan

建立VG

vgcreate  卷組名稱 物理卷名稱

檢視VG

vgscan 或vgdispaly 【卷組名稱】

LV的建立:


lvcreate -L 容量 -n 邏輯卷名稱 卷組名稱

檢視LV

lvscan 
當用lvscan檢視時,有塊裝置檔案來標識它結構如下:
/dev/卷組名稱/邏輯卷名稱

例項1:

建立邏輯卷     /dev/data/webdata,大小為2G,為其建立ext4檔案系統,並將其掛載到/web/htdocs目錄

分析:

其中:data為卷組名,webdata為邏輯卷名

1:首先建立pv

pvcreate 硬碟名稱

[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME            MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda               8:0    0   20G  0 disk 
├─sda1            8:1    0  500M  0 part /boot
└─sda2            8:2    0 19.5G  0 part 
  ├─centos-root 253:0    0 17.5G  0 lvm  /
  └─centos-swap 253:1    0    2G  0 lvm  [SWAP]
sdb               8:16   0   10G  0 disk 
sr0              11:0    1    4G  0 rom  
[root@localhost ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdb 
  Physical volume "/dev/sdb" successfully created
  
檢視pv
[root@localhost ~]# pvscan
  PV /dev/sda2   VG centos   lvm2 [19.51 GiB / 40.00 MiB free]
  PV /dev/sdb                lvm2 [10.00 GiB]
  Total: 2 [29.51 GiB] / in use: 1 [19.51 GiB] / in no VG: 1 [10.00 GiB]

2:建立vg

vgcreate 卷組名稱 物理卷名稱


[root@localhost ~]# vgcreate data /dev/sdb 
  Volume group "data" successfully created


檢視:
[root@localhost ~]# vgdisplay data
  --- Volume group ---
  VG Name               data
  System ID             
  Format                lvm2
  Metadata Areas        1
  Metadata Sequence No  1
  VG Access             read/write
  VG Status             resizable
  MAX LV                0
  Cur LV                0
  Open LV               0
  Max PV                0
  Cur PV                1
  Act PV                1
  VG Size               10.00 GiB
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              2559
  Alloc PE / Size       0 / 0   
  Free  PE / Size       2559 / 10.00 GiB
  VG UUID               BHCNFG-9j0i-gFSx-qVAi-DIPj-Nbfv-U0LAMH

3:建立lv

lvcreate -L 大小 -n 邏輯卷名稱  卷組名稱


[root@localhost ~]# lvcreate -L 2G -n webdata data
  Logical volume "webdata" created.
[root@localhost ~]# lvscan
  ACTIVE            '/dev/data/webdata' [2.00 GiB] inherit
  ACTIVE            '/dev/centos/swap' [2.00 GiB] inherit
  ACTIVE            '/dev/centos/root' [17.47 GiB] inherit

4:格式化(建立檔案系統)

mkfs.ext4 邏輯卷所對應的軟連線

[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/data/webdata 
mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
131072 inodes, 524288 blocks
26214 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=536870912
16 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks: 
        32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912

Allocating group tables: done                            
Writing inode tables: done                            
Creating journal (16384 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done 

5:掛載
建立掛載點目錄:

mkdir -pv /web/htdocs

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -pv /web/htdocs
mkdir: created directory ‘/web’
mkdir: created directory ‘/web/htdocs’

自動掛載:

編輯/etc/fstab

[root@localhost ~]# echo "/dev/data/webdata /web/htdocs ext4 defaults 0 0" >>/etc/fstab 
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/fstab 

#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Thu Dec 24 17:02:01 2020
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
/dev/mapper/centos-root /                       xfs     defaults        0 0
UUID=c8c10022-ef8a-4f97-b5d2-a4899084f396 /boot                   xfs     defaults        0 0
/dev/mapper/centos-swap swap                    swap    defaults        0 0
/dev/data/webdata /web/htdocs ext4 defaults 0 0


mount -a (其目的是讓系統重新讀取以下/etc/fstab裡面的檔案)

6:驗證是否掛載成功:

[root@localhost ~]# df -Th
Filesystem               Type      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/centos-root  xfs        18G  856M   17G   5% /
devtmpfs                 devtmpfs  479M     0  479M   0% /dev
tmpfs                    tmpfs     489M     0  489M   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                    tmpfs     489M  6.7M  483M   2% /run
tmpfs                    tmpfs     489M     0  489M   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1                xfs       497M  125M  373M  25% /boot
tmpfs                    tmpfs      98M     0   98M   0% /run/user/0
/dev/mapper/data-webdata ext4      2.0G  6.0M  1.8G   1% /web/htdocs
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk 
NAME            MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda               8:0    0   20G  0 disk 
├─sda1            8:1    0  500M  0 part /boot
└─sda2            8:2    0 19.5G  0 part 
  ├─centos-root 253:0    0 17.5G  0 lvm  /
  └─centos-swap 253:1    0    2G  0 lvm  [SWAP]
sdb               8:16   0   10G  0 disk 
└─data-webdata  253:2    0    2G  0 lvm  /web/htdocs
sr0              11:0    1    4G  0 rom 


例項2:擴充套件邏輯卷

擴充套件邏輯卷,首先擴充套件邏輯卷的物理邊界,延長的這部分空間預設存不了資料,因為擴大的這部分沒有檔案系統。

步驟:
1:擴充套件物理空間邊界
2:擴充套件檔案系統
需求:擴充套件邏輯卷/dev/data/webdata到4G
其中LV是基於VG創建出來的,首先檢視VG,確保VG的剩餘空間夠不夠,
1:首先檢視卷組的剩餘空間夠不夠;

1:檢視是那個卷組
[root@localhost ~]# lvscan
  ACTIVE            '/dev/data/webdata' [2.00 GiB] inherit
  ACTIVE            '/dev/centos/swap' [2.00 GiB] inherit
  ACTIVE            '/dev/centos/root' [17.47 GiB] inherit
2:檢視卷組的容量是否夠用
[root@localhost ~]# vgdisplay data
  --- Volume group ---
  VG Name               data
  System ID             
  Format                lvm2
  Metadata Areas        1
  Metadata Sequence No  2
  VG Access             read/write
  VG Status             resizable
  MAX LV                0
  Cur LV                1
  Open LV               1
  Max PV                0
  Cur PV                1
  Act PV                1
  VG Size               10.00 GiB
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              2559
  Alloc PE / Size       512 / 2.00 GiB
  Free  PE / Size       2047 / 8.00 GiB
  VG UUID               BHCNFG-9j0i-gFSx-qVAi-DIPj-Nbfv-U0LAMH  
其中VG總大小:VG Size     10.00 GiB
剩餘的大小為:Free  PE / Size   2047 / 8.00 GiB
也就是說確保了卷組的剩餘空間是足夠的;
如果不夠先擴展卷組,然後再擴充套件邏輯卷

2:擴充套件邏輯卷的物理空間

用到的命令是:lvextend,現在是2G再加2G,就到4G了;

[root@localhost ~]# lvextend -L +2G /dev/data/webdata 
  Size of logical volume data/webdata changed from 2.00 GiB (512 extents) to 4.00 GiB (1024 extents).
  Logical volume webdata successfully resized.

檢視大小:
[root@localhost ~]# lvscan 
  ACTIVE            '/dev/data/webdata' [4.00 GiB] inherit
  ACTIVE            '/dev/centos/swap' [2.00 GiB] inherit
  ACTIVE            '/dev/centos/root' [17.47 GiB] inherit
這個是它物理邊界的大小,已經擴充套件到了4G

[root@localhost ~]# df -Th
Filesystem               Type      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/centos-root  xfs        18G  856M   17G   5% /
devtmpfs                 devtmpfs  479M     0  479M   0% /dev
tmpfs                    tmpfs     489M     0  489M   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                    tmpfs     489M  6.7M  483M   2% /run
tmpfs                    tmpfs     489M     0  489M   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1                xfs       497M  125M  373M  25% /boot
tmpfs                    tmpfs      98M     0   98M   0% /run/user/0
/dev/mapper/data-webdata ext4      2.0G  6.0M  1.8G   1% /web/htdocs
  
它的檔案系統還是2G,因此需要擴充套件檔案系統;

3:擴充套件檔案系統

resize2fs  邏輯卷名稱    
注意:
1:resize2fs只適用於ext3/ext4這樣的檔案系統
2:如果是xfs檔案系統,那麼用:xfs_growfs

/dev/mapper/data-webdata ext4      2.0G  6.0M  1.8G   1% /web/htdocs
[root@localhost ~]# resize2fs /dev/data/webdata 
resize2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem at /dev/data/webdata is mounted on /web/htdocs; on-line resizing required
old_desc_blocks = 1, new_desc_blocks = 1
The filesystem on /dev/data/webdata is now 1048576 blocks long.

檢視大小

[root@localhost ~]# df -Th
Filesystem               Type      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/centos-root  xfs        18G  856M   17G   5% /
devtmpfs                 devtmpfs  479M     0  479M   0% /dev
tmpfs                    tmpfs     489M     0  489M   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                    tmpfs     489M  6.7M  483M   2% /run
tmpfs                    tmpfs     489M     0  489M   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1                xfs       497M  125M  373M  25% /boot
tmpfs                    tmpfs      98M     0   98M   0% /run/user/0
/dev/mapper/data-webdata ext4      3.9G  8.0M  3.7G   1% /web/htdocs

例項3:擴充套件邏輯捲到10G

首先檢視lv的大小:
[root@localhost ~]# lvscan 
  ACTIVE            '/dev/data/webdata' [4.00 GiB] inherit
  ACTIVE            '/dev/centos/swap' [2.00 GiB] inherit
  ACTIVE            '/dev/centos/root' [17.47 GiB] inherit
為4G,還需要16G

檢視vg

[root@localhost ~]# vgdisplay data
  --- Volume group ---
  VG Name               data
  System ID             
  Format                lvm2
  Metadata Areas        1
  Metadata Sequence No  3
  VG Access             read/write
  VG Status             resizable
  MAX LV                0
  Cur LV                1
  Open LV               1
  Max PV                0
  Cur PV                1
  Act PV                1
  VG Size               10.00 GiB
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              2559
  Alloc PE / Size       1024 / 4.00 GiB
  Free  PE / Size       1535 / 6.00 GiB
  VG UUID               BHCNFG-9j0i-gFSx-qVAi-DIPj-Nbfv-U0LAMH
現在卷組的剩餘空間不夠;所以需要擴展卷組

現在卷組的剩餘空間不夠;所以需要擴展卷組
即再加一塊盤,轉化成pv物理卷,然後把物理卷卷加到卷組裡面來

轉換成物理卷

[root@localhost ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdc
  Physical volume "/dev/sdc" successfully created
[root@localhost ~]# pvscan 
  PV /dev/sda2   VG centos   lvm2 [19.51 GiB / 40.00 MiB free]
  PV /dev/sdb    VG data     lvm2 [10.00 GiB / 6.00 GiB free]
  PV /dev/sdc                lvm2 [15.00 GiB]
  Total: 3 [44.50 GiB] / in use: 2 [29.50 GiB] / in no VG: 1 [15.00 GiB]

擴展卷組:

vgextend   卷組名 物理卷名
[root@localhost ~]# vgextend data /dev/sdc 
  Volume group "data" successfully extended

檢視vg的大小:
[root@localhost ~]# vgdisplay data
  --- Volume group ---
  VG Name               data
  System ID             
  Format                lvm2
  Metadata Areas        2
  Metadata Sequence No  4
  VG Access             read/write
  VG Status             resizable
  MAX LV                0
  Cur LV                1
  Open LV               1
  Max PV                0
  Cur PV                2
  Act PV                2
  VG Size               24.99 GiB
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              6398
  Alloc PE / Size       1024 / 4.00 GiB
  Free  PE / Size       5374 / 20.99 GiB
  VG UUID               BHCNFG-9j0i-gFSx-qVAi-DIPj-Nbfv-U0LAMH


即卷組總大小:  VG Size      24.99 GiB
剩餘大小 : Free  PE / Size       5374 / 20.99 GiB

擴充套件lv

[root@localhost ~]# lvextend -L +16G -n /dev/data/webdata 
  Size of logical volume data/webdata changed from 4.00 GiB (1024 extents) to 20.00 GiB (5120 extents).
  Logical volume webdata successfully resized.

檢視lv的大小:
[root@localhost ~]# lvscan 
  ACTIVE            '/dev/data/webdata' [20.00 GiB] inherit
  ACTIVE            '/dev/centos/swap' [2.00 GiB] inherit
  ACTIVE            '/dev/centos/root' [17.47 GiB] inherit

擴充套件檔案系統:

[root@localhost ~]# resize2fs /dev/data/webdata 
resize2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem at /dev/data/webdata is mounted on /web/htdocs; on-line resizing required
old_desc_blocks = 1, new_desc_blocks = 3
The filesystem on /dev/data/webdata is now 5242880 blocks long.

檢視:

[root@localhost ~]# lvscan 
  ACTIVE            '/dev/data/webdata' [20.00 GiB] inherit
  ACTIVE            '/dev/centos/swap' [2.00 GiB] inherit
  ACTIVE            '/dev/centos/root' [17.47 GiB] inherit



[root@localhost ~]# df -Th
Filesystem               Type      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/centos-root  xfs        18G  856M   17G   5% /
devtmpfs                 devtmpfs  479M     0  479M   0% /dev
tmpfs                    tmpfs     489M     0  489M   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                    tmpfs     489M  6.7M  483M   2% /run
tmpfs                    tmpfs     489M     0  489M   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1                xfs       497M  125M  373M  25% /boot
/dev/mapper/data-webdata ext4       20G   11M   19G   1% /web/htdocs
tmpfs                    tmpfs      98M     0   98M   0% /run/user/0