MySQL分散式架構——MyCAT
一、MyCAT準備環境
兩臺虛擬機器 db01 db02
每臺建立四個mysql例項:3307 3308 3309 3310
節點主從規劃 箭頭指向誰是主庫 192.168.1.1:3307 <-----> 192.168.1.2:3307 192.168.1.1:3309 ------> 192.168.1.1:3307 192.168.1.2:3309 ------> 192.168.1.2:3307 192.168.1.2:3308 <-----> 192.168.1.1:3308 192.168.1.2:3310 -----> 192.168.1.2:3308 192.168.1.1:3310 -----> 192.168.1.1:3308 分片規劃 shard1: Master:192.168.1.1:3307 slave1:192.168.1.1:3309 Standby Master:192.168.1.2:3307 slave2:192.168.1.2:3309 shard2: Master:192.168.1.2:3308 slave1:192.168.1.2:3310 Standby Master:192.168.1.1:3308 slave2:192.168.1.1:3310
二、MyCAT基礎環境準備
2.1 刪除歷史環境
兩臺db資料庫都需進行以下操作!
pkill mysqld
rm -rf /data/330*
mv /etc/my.cnf /etc/my.cnf.bak
2.2 建立相應目錄、初始化資料
兩臺db資料庫都需進行以下操作!
mkdir /data/33{07..10}/data -p mysqld --initialize-insecure --user=mysql --datadir=/data/3307/data --basedir=/app/database/mysql mysqld --initialize-insecure --user=mysql --datadir=/data/3308/data --basedir=/app/database/mysql mysqld --initialize-insecure --user=mysql --datadir=/data/3309/data --basedir=/app/database/mysql mysqld --initialize-insecure --user=mysql --datadir=/data/3310/data --basedir=/app/database/mysql
2.3 準備MySQL的配置檔案
=====================db01===================== cat >/data/3307/my.cnf<<EOF [mysqld] basedir=/app/database/mysql datadir=/data/3307/data socket=/data/3307/mysql.sock port=3307 log-error=/data/3307/mysql.log log_bin=/data/3307/mysql-bin binlog_format=row skip-name-resolve server-id=7 gtid-mode=on enforce-gtid-consistency=true log-slave-updates=1 EOF cat >/data/3308/my.cnf<<EOF [mysqld] basedir=/app/database/mysql datadir=/data/3308/data port=3308 socket=/data/3308/mysql.sock log-error=/data/3308/mysql.log log_bin=/data/3308/mysql-bin binlog_format=row skip-name-resolve server-id=8 gtid-mode=on enforce-gtid-consistency=true log-slave-updates=1 EOF cat >/data/3309/my.cnf<<EOF [mysqld] basedir=/app/database/mysql datadir=/data/3309/data socket=/data/3309/mysql.sock port=3309 log-error=/data/3309/mysql.log log_bin=/data/3309/mysql-bin binlog_format=row skip-name-resolve server-id=9 gtid-mode=on enforce-gtid-consistency=true log-slave-updates=1 EOF cat >/data/3310/my.cnf<<EOF [mysqld] basedir=/app/database/mysql datadir=/data/3310/data socket=/data/3310/mysql.sock port=3310 log-error=/data/3310/mysql.log log_bin=/data/3310/mysql-bin binlog_format=row skip-name-resolve server-id=10 gtid-mode=on enforce-gtid-consistency=true log-slave-updates=1 EOF =====================db02===================== cat >/data/3307/my.cnf<<EOF [mysqld] basedir=/app/database/mysql datadir=/data/3307/data socket=/data/3307/mysql.sock port=3307 log-error=/data/3307/mysql.log log_bin=/data/3307/mysql-bin binlog_format=row skip-name-resolve server-id=17 gtid-mode=on enforce-gtid-consistency=true log-slave-updates=1 EOF cat >/data/3308/my.cnf<<EOF [mysqld] basedir=/app/database/mysql datadir=/data/3308/data port=3308 socket=/data/3308/mysql.sock log-error=/data/3308/mysql.log log_bin=/data/3308/mysql-bin binlog_format=row skip-name-resolve server-id=18 gtid-mode=on enforce-gtid-consistency=true log-slave-updates=1 EOF cat >/data/3309/my.cnf<<EOF [mysqld] basedir=/app/database/mysql datadir=/data/3309/data socket=/data/3309/mysql.sock port=3309 log-error=/data/3309/mysql.log log_bin=/data/3309/mysql-bin binlog_format=row skip-name-resolve server-id=19 gtid-mode=on enforce-gtid-consistency=true log-slave-updates=1 EOF cat >/data/3310/my.cnf<<EOF [mysqld] basedir=/app/database/mysql datadir=/data/3310/data socket=/data/3310/mysql.sock port=3310 log-error=/data/3310/mysql.log log_bin=/data/3310/mysql-bin binlog_format=row skip-name-resolve server-id=20 gtid-mode=on enforce-gtid-consistency=true log-slave-updates=1 EOF
2.4 準備MySQL的啟動指令碼
=====================db01=====================
cat >/etc/systemd/system/mysqld3307.service<<EOF
[Unit]
Description=MySQL Server
Documentation=man:mysqld(8)
Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
After=network.target
After=syslog.target
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[Service]
User=mysql
Group=mysql
ExecStart=/app/database/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/3307/my.cnf
LimitNOFILE = 5000
EOF
cat >/etc/systemd/system/mysqld3308.service<<EOF
[Unit]
Description=MySQL Server
Documentation=man:mysqld(8)
Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
After=network.target
After=syslog.target
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[Service]
User=mysql
Group=mysql
ExecStart=/app/database/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/3308/my.cnf
LimitNOFILE = 5000
EOF
cat >/etc/systemd/system/mysqld3309.service<<EOF
[Unit]
Description=MySQL Server
Documentation=man:mysqld(8)
Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
After=network.target
After=syslog.target
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[Service]
User=mysql
Group=mysql
ExecStart=/app/database/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/3309/my.cnf
LimitNOFILE = 5000
EOF
cat >/etc/systemd/system/mysqld3310.service<<EOF
[Unit]
Description=MySQL Server
Documentation=man:mysqld(8)
Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
After=network.target
After=syslog.target
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[Service]
User=mysql
Group=mysql
ExecStart=/app/database/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/3310/my.cnf
LimitNOFILE = 5000
EOF
=====================db02=====================
cat >/etc/systemd/system/mysqld3307.service<<EOF
[Unit]
Description=MySQL Server
Documentation=man:mysqld(8)
Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
After=network.target
After=syslog.target
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[Service]
User=mysql
Group=mysql
ExecStart=/app/database/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/3307/my.cnf
LimitNOFILE = 5000
EOF
cat >/etc/systemd/system/mysqld3308.service<<EOF
[Unit]
Description=MySQL Server
Documentation=man:mysqld(8)
Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
After=network.target
After=syslog.target
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[Service]
User=mysql
Group=mysql
ExecStart=/app/database/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/3308/my.cnf
LimitNOFILE = 5000
EOF
cat >/etc/systemd/system/mysqld3309.service<<EOF
[Unit]
Description=MySQL Server
Documentation=man:mysqld(8)
Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
After=network.target
After=syslog.target
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[Service]
User=mysql
Group=mysql
ExecStart=/app/database/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/3309/my.cnf
LimitNOFILE = 5000
EOF
cat >/etc/systemd/system/mysqld3310.service<<EOF
[Unit]
Description=MySQL Server
Documentation=man:mysqld(8)
Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
After=network.target
After=syslog.target
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[Service]
User=mysql
Group=mysql
ExecStart=/app/database/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/3310/my.cnf
LimitNOFILE = 5000
EOF
2.5 修改許可權,啟動多例項
兩臺db伺服器都需進行以下操作:
chown -R mysql.mysql /data/*
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start mysqld3307
systemctl start mysqld3308
systemctl start mysqld3309
systemctl start mysqld3310
確認兩臺db伺服器MySQL例項對應的埠已經啟動!
2.6 配置主從關係
① shard1
192.168.1.1:3307 <-----> 192.168.1.2:3307
db02
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "grant replication slave on *.* to repl@'192.168.1.%' identified by '123';"
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "grant all on *.* to root@'192.168.1.%' identified by '123' with grant option;"
db01
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='192.168.1.2', MASTER_PORT=3307, MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1, MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='123';"
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "start slave;"
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"
db02
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='192.168.1.1', MASTER_PORT=3307, MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1, MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='123';"
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "start slave;"
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"
192.168.1.1:3309 ------> 192.168.1.1:3307
db01
mysql -S /data/3309/mysql.sock -e "CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='192.168.1.1', MASTER_PORT=3307, MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1, MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='123';"
mysql -S /data/3309/mysql.sock -e "start slave;"
mysql -S /data/3309/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"
192.168.1.2:3309 ------> 192.168.1.2:3307
db02
mysql -S /data/3309/mysql.sock -e "CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='192.168.1.2', MASTER_PORT=3307, MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1, MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='123';"
mysql -S /data/3309/mysql.sock -e "start slave;"
mysql -S /data/3309/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"
② shard2
192.168.1.2:3308 <-----> 192.168.1.1:3308
db01
mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "grant replication slave on *.* to repl@'192.168.1.%' identified by '123';"
mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "grant all on *.* to root@'192.168.1.%' identified by '123' with grant option;"
db02
mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='192.168.1.1', MASTER_PORT=3308, MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1, MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='123';"
mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "start slave;"
mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"
db01
mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='192.168.1.2', MASTER_PORT=3308, MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1, MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='123';"
mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "start slave;"
mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"
192.168.1.2:3310 -----> 192.168.1.2:3308
db02
mysql -S /data/3310/mysql.sock -e "CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='192.168.1.2', MASTER_PORT=3308, MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1, MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='123';"
mysql -S /data/3310/mysql.sock -e "start slave;"
mysql -S /data/3310/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"
192.168.1.1:3310 -----> 192.168.1.1:3308
db01
mysql -S /data/3310/mysql.sock -e "CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='192.168.1.1', MASTER_PORT=3308, MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1, MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='123';"
mysql -S /data/3310/mysql.sock -e "start slave;"
mysql -S /data/3310/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"
③ 確認主從關係
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"|grep Yes
mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"|grep Yes
mysql -S /data/3309/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"|grep Yes
mysql -S /data/3310/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"|grep Yes
保證兩條db伺服器可以看到8個Yes輸出!
注:如果中間出現錯誤,在每個節點進行執行以下命令:
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "stop slave; reset slave all;"
mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "stop slave; reset slave all;"
mysql -S /data/3309/mysql.sock -e "stop slave; reset slave all;"
mysql -S /data/3310/mysql.sock -e "stop slave; reset slave all;"
重新部署主從關係!
以上都沒有標註命令提示符,主要是為了測試加快速度,而且,已經指定在規定的節點上執行操作!
三、安裝MyCAT
本次選擇使用一臺單獨的伺服器安裝配置MyCAT!
3.1 安裝MyCAT
[root@mycat ~]# wget http://dl.mycat.io/1.6.5/Mycat-server-1.6.5-release-20180122220033-linux.tar.gz
[root@mycat ~]# yum -y install java mysql
[root@mycat ~]# tar zxf Mycat-server-1.6.5-release-20180122220033-linux.tar.gz
[root@mycat ~]# echo -e "export PATH=/root/mycat/bin:$PATH" >> /etc/profile
[root@mycat ~]# source /etc/profile
[root@mycat ~]# mycat start
[root@mycat ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456 -h 127.0.0.1 -P8066
MySQL [(none)]>
#可以正常訪問即可!
3.2 MyCAT配置檔案介紹
logs目錄:
wrapper.log ---->mycat啟動日誌
mycat.log ---->mycat詳細工作日誌
conf目錄:
schema.xml
主配置檔案(讀寫分離、高可用、分散式策略定製、節點控制)
server.xml
mycat軟體本身相關的配置
rule.xml
分片規則配置檔案,記錄分片規則列表、使用方法等
四、MyCAT實現讀寫分離
[root@mycat ~]# cd mycat/conf/
[root@mycat conf]# mv schema.xml schema.xml.bak
[root@mycat conf]# vim schema.xml
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE mycat:schema SYSTEM "schema.dtd">
<mycat:schema xmlns:mycat="http://io.mycat/">
<schema name="TESTDB" checkSQLschema="false" sqlMaxLimit="100" dataNode="dn1">
</schema>
<dataNode name="dn1" dataHost="localhost1" database= "test" />
<dataHost name="localhost1" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="1" writeType="0" dbType="mysql" dbDriver="native" switchType="1">
<heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat>
<writeHost host="db1" url="192.168.1.1:3307" user="root" password="123">
<readHost host="db2" url="192.168.1.1:3309" user="root" password="123" />
</writeHost>
</dataHost>
</mycat:schema>
配置檔案簡單介紹
邏輯庫:schema
<schema name="TESTDB" checkSQLschema="false" sqlMaxLimit="100" dataNode="dn1">
資料節點(邏輯):datanode
<dataNode name="dn1" dataHost="localhost1" database= "test" />
#DN配置垂直和水平拆分
資料主機(邏輯):datahost(w和r)
<dataHost name="localhost1" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="1" writeType="0" dbType="mysql" dbDriver="native" switchType="1">
<heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat>
<writeHost host="db1" url="192.168.1.1:3307" user="root" password="123">
<readHost host="db2" url="192.168.1.1:3309" user="root" password="123" />
</writeHost>
</dataHost>
#DH主要配置高可用和讀寫分離
測試讀寫分離
[root@mycat conf]# mycat restart
[root@mycat conf]# mysql -uroot -p123456 -h 127.0.0.1 -P8066
MySQL [(none)]> select @@server_id;
+-------------+
| @@server_id |
+-------------+
| 9 |
+-------------+
MySQL [(none)]> begin ; select @@server_id; commit;
+-------------+
| @@server_id |
+-------------+
| 7 |
+-------------+
如果出現錯誤,MyCAT使用使用者連線資料進行測試:
[root@mycat ~]# mysql -uroot -p123 -h 192.168.1.1 -P 3307
[root@mycat ~]# mysql -uroot -p123 -h 192.168.1.1 -P 3309
五、MyCAT配置讀寫分離及高可用
[root@mycat conf]# mv schema.xml schema.xml.rw
[root@mycat conf]# vim schema.xml
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE mycat:schema SYSTEM "schema.dtd">
<mycat:schema xmlns:mycat="http://io.mycat/">
<schema name="TESTDB" checkSQLschema="false" sqlMaxLimit="100" dataNode="sh1">
</schema>
<dataNode name="sh1" dataHost="lzj" database= "test" />
<dataHost name="lzj" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="1" writeType="0" dbType="mysql" dbDriver="native" switchType="1">
<heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat>
<writeHost host="db1" url="192.168.1.1:3307" user="root" password="123">
<readHost host="db2" url="192.168.1.1:3309" user="root" password="123" />
</writeHost>
<writeHost host="db3" url="192.168.1.2:3307" user="root" password="123">
<readHost host="db4" url="192.168.1.2:3309" user="root" password="123" />
</writeHost>
</dataHost>
</mycat:schema>
配置檔案介紹
<writeHost host="db1" url="192.168.1.1:3307" user="root" password="123">
<readHost host="db2" url="192.168.1.1:3309" user="root" password="123" />
</writeHost>
<writeHost host="db3" url="192.168.1.2:3307" user="root" password="123">
<readHost host="db4" url="192.168.1.2:3309" user="root" password="123" />
</writeHost>
#真正的 writehost:負責寫操作的writehost;standby writeHost :和readhost一樣,只提供讀服務(上述配置檔案是一寫三讀)
#當寫節點宕機後,後面跟的readhost也不提供服務,這時候standby的writehost就提供寫服務,後面跟的readhost提供讀服務(一寫一讀)
#故障修復之後,原本的寫庫也就變成了讀庫,依然是一寫三讀的架構
測試
[root@mycat conf]# mycat restart
[root@mycat conf]# mysql -uroot -p123456 -h 127.0.0.1 -P8066
MySQL [(none)]> select @@server_id;
+-------------+
| @@server_id |
+-------------+
| 19 |
+-------------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
MySQL [(none)]> select @@server_id;
+-------------+
| @@server_id |
+-------------+
| 9 |
+-------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
MySQL [(none)]> select @@server_id;
+-------------+
| @@server_id |
+-------------+
| 17 |
+-------------+
MySQL [(none)]> begin ; select @@server_id; commit;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
+-------------+
| @@server_id |
+-------------+
| 7 |
+-------------+
此時將配置檔案中第一個寫節點宕機,模擬故障,進行測試:
[root@db01 ~]# systemctl stop mysqld3307
MySQL [(none)]> begin ; select @@server_id; commit;
+-------------+
| @@server_id |
+-------------+
| 17 |
+-------------+
MySQL [(none)]> select @@server_id;
+-------------+
| @@server_id |
+-------------+
| 19 |
+-------------+
將故障節點恢復再次進行測試:
[root@db01 ~]# systemctl start mysqld3307
MySQL [(none)]> select @@server_id;
+-------------+
| @@server_id |
+-------------+
| 7 |
+-------------+
MySQL [(none)]> select @@server_id;
+-------------+
| @@server_id |
+-------------+
| 19 |
+-------------+
MySQL [(none)]> select @@server_id;
+-------------+
| @@server_id |
+-------------+
| 9 |
+-------------+
MySQL [(none)]> begin ; select @@server_id; commit;
+-------------+
| @@server_id |
+-------------+
| 17 |
+-------------+
六、配置檔案重要屬性介紹
6.1 balance屬性
負載均衡型別,目前的取值有3種:
1. balance="0", 不開啟讀寫分離機制,所有讀寫操作都發送到當前可用的writeHost上。
2. balance="1",全部的readHost與standby writeHost參與select語句的負載均衡,簡單的說: 當雙主雙從模式(M1->S1,M2->S2,並且M1與 M2互為主備),正常情況下,M2,S1,S2都參與select語句的負載均衡。
3. balance="2",所有讀操作都隨機的在writeHost、readhost上分發。
6.2 writeType屬性
負載均衡型別,目前的取值有2種:
1. writeType="0", 所有寫操作傳送到配置的第一個writeHost, 第一個掛了切到還生存的第二個writeHost,重新啟動後已切換後的為主,切換記錄在配置檔案中:dnindex.properties;
2. writeType=“1”,所有寫操作都隨機的傳送到配置的writeHost,但不推薦使用;
6.3 switchType屬性
取值範圍有3種:
-1 表示不自動切換
1 預設值,自動切換
2 基於MySQL主從同步的狀態決定是否切換 ,心跳語句為 show slave status
#雙主雙從建議使用手動切換
6.4 datahost其他配置
<dataHost name="localhost1" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="1" writeType="0" dbType="mysql" dbDriver="native" switchType="1">
maxCon="1000":最大的併發連線數
minCon="10" :mycat在啟動之後,會在後端節點上自動開啟的連線執行緒
tempReadHostAvailable="1"
這個一主一從時(1個writehost,1個readhost時),可以開啟這個引數,如果2個writehost,2個readhost時,如果開啟,故障庫發生故障時,就變成了一寫兩讀
<heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat> 監測心跳
七、MyCAT實現垂直拆分
垂直拆分說白了就是將庫中的表進行拆分!
[root@mycat conf]# mv schema.xml schema.xml.ha
[root@mycat conf]# vim schema.xml
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE mycat:schema SYSTEM "schema.dtd">
<mycat:schema xmlns:mycat="http://io.mycat/">
<schema name="TESTDB" checkSQLschema="false" sqlMaxLimit="100" dataNode="sh1">
<table name="user" dataNode="sh1"/>
<table name="order_t" dataNode="sh2"/>
</schema>
<dataNode name="sh1" dataHost="lzj1" database= "taobao" />
<dataNode name="sh2" dataHost="lzj2" database= "taobao" />
<dataHost name="lzj1" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="1" writeType="0" dbType="mysql" dbDriver="native" switchType="1">
<heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat>
<writeHost host="db1" url="192.168.1.1:3307" user="root" password="123">
<readHost host="db2" url="192.168.1.1:3309" user="root" password="123" />
</writeHost>
<writeHost host="db3" url="192.168.1.2:3307" user="root" password="123">
<readHost host="db4" url="192.168.1.2:3309" user="root" password="123" />
</writeHost>
</dataHost>
<dataHost name="lzj2" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="1" writeType="0" dbType="mysql" dbDriver="native" switchType="1">
<heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat>
<writeHost host="db1" url="192.168.1.1:3308" user="root" password="123">
<readHost host="db2" url="192.168.1.1:3310" user="root" password="123" />
</writeHost>
<writeHost host="db3" url="192.168.1.2:3308" user="root" password="123">
<readHost host="db4" url="192.168.1.2:3310" user="root" password="123" />
</writeHost>
</dataHost>
</mycat:schema>
建立測試庫和表
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "create database taobao charset utf8;"
mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "create database taobao charset utf8;"
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;create table user(id int,name varchar(20))";
mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;create table order_t(id int,name varchar(20))"
生產中需要在配置檔案中新增以下內容:
<schema name="TESTDB" checkSQLschema="false" sqlMaxLimit="100" dataNode="sh3">
dataNode選項表示:如果不是訪問的以下兩個表,所有的表都走sh3
<table name="user" dataNode="sh1"/>
<table name="order_t" dataNode="sh2"/>
<dataNode name="sh3" dataHost="lzj3" database= "taobao" />
測試
[root@mycat conf]# mycat restart
[root@mycat conf]# mysql -u root -p123456 -h 127.0.0.1 -P8066
MySQL [(none)]> use TESTDB;
MySQL [TESTDB]> show tables;
+------------------+
| Tables_in_taobao |
+------------------+
| order_t |
| user |
+------------------+
[root@mycat conf]# mysql -uroot -p123 -h 192.168.1.1 -P 3307 -e 'show tables from taobao;'
+------------------+
| Tables_in_taobao |
+------------------+
| user |
+------------------+
[root@mycat conf]# mysql -uroot -p123 -h 192.168.1.1 -P 3308 -e 'show tables from taobao;'
+------------------+
| Tables_in_taobao |
+------------------+
| order_t |
+------------------+
八、MyCAT實現水平拆分
8.1 範圍分片
[root@mycat conf]# cp schema.xml schema.xml.1
[root@mycat conf]# vim schema.xml
更改為以下內容
<schema name="TESTDB" checkSQLschema="false" sqlMaxLimit="100" dataNode="sh1">
<table name="t3" dataNode="sh1,sh2" rule="auto-sharding-long" />
</schema>
<dataNode name="sh1" dataHost="oldguo1" database= "taobao" />
<dataNode name="sh2" dataHost="oldguo2" database= "taobao" />
如圖:
檢視rule檔案定義的auto-sharding-long:
[root@mycat conf]# vim rule.xml
如果生產中沒有id列,可自行更改rule定義的條件!
這個rule檔案無需修改,主要就是檢視規則是如何定義的!
編輯規則中定義的autopartition-long.txt檔案:
[root@mycat conf]# vim autopartition-long.txt
0-10=0
11-20=1
#這個檔案預設有一些規則,直接將其刪除,編寫自己所需要的即可!
建立測試表:
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;create table t3 (id int not null primary key auto_increment,name varchar(20) not null);"
mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;create table t3 (id int not null primary key auto_increment,name varchar(20) not null);"
測試:
[root@mycat conf]# mycat restart
[root@mycat conf]# mysql -u root -p123456 -h 127.0.0.1 -P8066
MySQL [(none)]> use TESTDB
MySQL [TESTDB]> insert into t3(id,name) values(1,'a');
MySQL [TESTDB]> insert into t3(id,name) values(2,'b');
MySQL [TESTDB]> insert into t3(id,name) values(3,'c');
MySQL [TESTDB]> insert into t3(id,name) values(4,'d');
MySQL [TESTDB]> insert into t3(id,name) values(11,'aa');
MySQL [TESTDB]> insert into t3(id,name) values(12,'bb');
MySQL [TESTDB]> insert into t3(id,name) values(13,'cc');
MySQL [TESTDB]> insert into t3(id,name) values(14,'dd');
MySQL [TESTDB]> select * from t3;
+----+------+
| id | name |
+----+------+
| 1 | a |
| 2 | b |
| 3 | c |
| 4 | d |
| 11 | aa |
| 12 | bb |
| 13 | cc |
| 14 | dd |
+----+------+
[root@mycat conf]# mysql -uroot -p123 -h 192.168.1.1 -P 3307 -e 'select * from taobao.t3;'
+----+------+
| id | name |
+----+------+
| 1 | a |
| 2 | b |
| 3 | c |
| 4 | d |
+----+------+
[root@mycat conf]# mysql -uroot -p123 -h 192.168.1.1 -P 3308 -e 'select * from taobao.t3;'
+----+------+
| id | name |
+----+------+
| 11 | aa |
| 12 | bb |
| 13 | cc |
| 14 | dd |
+----+------+
8.2 取模分片
取餘分片方式:分片鍵(一個列)與節點數量進行取餘,得到餘數,將資料寫入對應節點!
[root@mycat conf]# vim schema.xml
<table name="t4" dataNode="sh1,sh2" rule="mod-long" />
檢視rule檔案定義的mod-long:
建立測試表:
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;create table t4 (id int not null primary key auto_increment,name varchar(20) not null);"
mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;create table t4 (id int not null primary key auto_increment,name varchar(20) not null);"
測試:
[root@mycat conf]# mycat restart
[root@mycat conf]# mysql -u root -p123456 -h 127.0.0.1 -P8066
MySQL [(none)]> use TESTDB
MySQL [TESTDB]> insert into t4(id,name) values(1,'a');
MySQL [TESTDB]> insert into t4(id,name) values(2,'b');
MySQL [TESTDB]> insert into t4(id,name) values(3,'c');
MySQL [TESTDB]> insert into t4(id,name) values(4,'d');
MySQL [TESTDB]> select * from t4;
+----+------+
| id | name |
+----+------+
| 2 | b |
| 4 | d |
| 1 | a |
| 3 | c |
+----+------+
[root@mycat conf]# mysql -uroot -p123 -h 192.168.1.1 -P 3307 -e 'select * from taobao.t4;'
+----+------+
| id | name |
+----+------+
| 2 | b |
| 4 | d |
+----+------+
[root@mycat conf]# mysql -uroot -p123 -h 192.168.1.1 -P 3308 -e 'select * from taobao.t4;'
+----+------+
| id | name |
+----+------+
| 1 | a |
| 3 | c |
+----+------+
8.3 列舉分片
[root@mycat conf]# vim schema.xml
<table name="t5" dataNode="sh1,sh2" rule="sharding-by-intfile" />
檢視rule檔案定義的sharding-by-intfile:
[root@mycat conf]# vim rule.xml
<tableRule name="sharding-by-intfile">
<rule> <columns>name</columns>
<algorithm>hash-int</algorithm>
</rule>
</tableRule>
<function name="hash-int" class="org.opencloudb.route.function.PartitionByFileMap">
<property name="mapFile">partition-hash-int.txt</property>
<property name="type">1</property>
</function>
編輯partition-hash-int.txt檔案:
[root@mycat conf]# vim partition-hash-int.txt
bj=0
sh=1
DEFAULT_NODE=1
#bj存在在0號分片,sh存放在1號分片,剩餘都存放在1號分片
建立測試表:
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;create table t5 (id int not null primary key auto_increment,name varchar(20) not null);"
mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;create table t5 (id int not null primary key auto_increment,name varchar(20) not null);"
測試:
[root@mycat conf]# mycat restart
[root@mycat conf]# mysql -u root -p123456 -h 127.0.0.1 -P8066
MySQL [(none)]> use TESTDB
MySQL [TESTDB]> insert into t5(id,name) values(1,'bj');
MySQL [TESTDB]> insert into t5(id,name) values(2,'sh');
MySQL [TESTDB]> insert into t5(id,name) values(3,'bj');
MySQL [TESTDB]> insert into t5(id,name) values(4,'sh');
MySQL [TESTDB]> insert into t5(id,name) values(5,'tj');
MySQL [TESTDB]> select * from t5;
+----+------+
| id | name |
+----+------+
| 1 | bj |
| 3 | bj |
| 2 | sh |
| 4 | sh |
| 5 | tj |
+----+------+
[root@mycat conf]# mysql -uroot -p123 -h 192.168.1.1 -P 3307 -e 'select * from taobao.t5;'
+----+------+
| id | name |
+----+------+
| 1 | bj |
| 3 | bj |
+----+------+
[root@mycat conf]# mysql -uroot -p123 -h 192.168.1.1 -P 3308 -e 'select * from taobao.t5;'
+----+------+
| id | name |
+----+------+
| 2 | sh |
| 4 | sh |
| 5 | tj |
+----+------+
MyCAT還有很多的分片策略,可參考rule檔案自行測試,也可以檢視MyCAT官方文件!
九、MyCAT全域性表
使用場景:
如果你的業務中有些資料類似於資料字典,比如配置檔案的配置,
常用業務的配置或者資料量不大很少變動的表,這些表往往不是特別大,而且大部分的業務場景都會用到,那麼這種表適合於Mycat全域性表,無須對資料進行切分,要在所有的分片上儲存一份資料即可,Mycat 在Join操作中,業務表與全域性表進行Join聚合會優先選擇相同分片內的全域性表join,避免跨庫Join,在進行資料插入操作時,mycat將把資料分發到全域性表對應的所有分片執行,在進行資料讀取時候將會隨機獲取一個節點讀取資料。
[root@mycat conf]# vim schema.xml
<table name="t_area" primaryKey="id" type="global" dataNode="sh1,sh2" />
建立測試資料:
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e 'use taobao;create table t_area (id int not null primary key auto_increment,name varchar(20) not null);'
mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e 'use taobao;create table t_area (id int not null primary key auto_increment,name varchar(20) not null);'
測試:
[root@mycat conf]# mycat restart
[root@mycat conf]# mysql -u root -p123456 -h 127.0.0.1 -P8066
MySQL [(none)]> use TESTDB
MySQL [TESTDB]> insert into t_area(id,name) values(1,'a');
MySQL [TESTDB]> insert into t_area(id,name) values(2,'b');
MySQL [TESTDB]> insert into t_area(id,name) values(3,'c');
MySQL [TESTDB]> insert into t_area(id,name) values(4,'d');
MySQL [TESTDB]> select * from t_area;
+----+------+
| id | name |
+----+------+
| 1 | a |
| 2 | b |
| 3 | c |
| 4 | d |
+----+------+
[root@mycat conf]# mysql -uroot -p123 -h 192.168.1.1 -P 3307 -e 'select * from taobao.t_area;'
+----+------+
| id | name |
+----+------+
| 1 | a |
| 2 | b |
| 3 | c |
| 4 | d |
+----+------+
[root@mycat conf]# mysql -uroot -p123 -h 192.168.1.1 -P 3308 -e 'select * from taobao.t_area;'
+----+------+
| id | name |
+----+------+
| 1 | a |
| 2 | b |
| 3 | c |
| 4 | d |
+----+------+
如果需要更改MyCAT預設的邏輯庫,賬號密碼等資訊,可修改server.xml這個檔案!