高階前端進階,用Gulp提升你的開發效率
技術標籤:高階前端進階javascript
前言:
這兩天動手配置了一下gulp
,發現gulp
配置簡單,構建速度快,在某些使用場景下還是個不錯的選擇,本文從零開始構建,到最後打包釋出到生成環境。通過本文可以快速上手gulp
,文末附送github原始碼,需要的可以點選下載。
gulp介紹:
gulp
是一個基於流的前端自動化構建工具,與grunt
、webpack
為前端三大自動構建工具。
1.安裝
//1.安裝gulp腳手架 npm install --global gulp-cli //2.建立資料夾gulp-demo mkdir gulp-demo //3.進入資料夾 cd gulp-demo //4.初始化專案 npm init
2.gulpfile.js介紹
在專案根目錄建立個gulpfile.js
檔案,執行gulp
命令後,gulp
會去讀取gulpfile.js
檔案,這是gulp的入口檔案,所有的指令邏輯處理都在此檔案中進行。
當專案體量過大時,可以在根目錄內建立個gulpfile.js
資料夾,資料夾內部建立index.js
,可以在index.js
中引入不同的處理模組.
在以前的版本中都是通過gulp.task
來建立不同的任務,新版本主要通過exports.xxx
來匯出任務
例:
function test(cb) {
cb()
}
exports.test = test;
在控制檯輸入指令gulp test
[16:41:29] Using gulpfile F:\gulp\gulpfile.js
[16:41:29] Starting 'test'...
[16:41:29] Finished 'test' after 1.95 ms
如果將exports.test = test
改為exports.default=test
,在控制檯直接輸入gulp
就可以直接構建了。
1.處理js
壓縮js、建立sourcemap、重新命名js
const { src, //gulp的內建方法 dest } = require('gulp'); //重新命名js檔案 const rename = require('gulp-rename'); const uglify = require('gulp-uglify'); const sourcemaps = require('gulp-sourcemaps'); function javascript() { return src(['src/js/*.js', '!src/js/*.min.js']) //1.建立一個流,從src讀取 //2.建立sourcemap .pipe(sourcemaps.init()) //pipe為gulp內的一個方法 //用於流之間的連結 // 3. 壓縮檔案 .pipe(uglify()) //4.重新命名,名稱後加min.js .pipe(rename({ extname: '.min.js' })) //5.將sourcemap寫入 .pipe(sourcemaps.write('./')) // 6.將檔案寫入build/js目錄下 .pipe(dest('build/js')) } exports.javascript = javascript;
控制檯輸入指令gulp javascript
在build/js下會生成兩個檔案index.min.js
以及index.min.js.map
2.處理css
壓縮css、建立sourcemap、重新命名css
const {
src,
dest
} = require('gulp');
const minifyCSS = require('gulp-clean-css');
const sourcemaps = require('gulp-sourcemaps');
const autoprefixer = require('gulp-autoprefixer');
function css() {
return src('src/css/*.css') //1.流入口檔案
//2.建立sourcemap
.pipe(sourcemaps.init())
//3.自動新增瀏覽器字首
.pipe(autoprefixer())
// 4.壓縮css
.pipe(minifyCSS())
//5.寫入sourcemap
.pipe(sourcemaps.write('./'))
//6.寫入檔案
.pipe(dest('build/css'))
}
exports.css = css;
控制檯輸入指令gulp css
在build/js下會生成兩個檔案index.min.css
以及index.min.css.map
3.處理圖片
const {
src,
dest
} = require('gulp');
const imagemin = require('gulp-imagemin')
function image() {
return src('src/images/*.*') // 1. 建立輸入流
// 2. 壓縮圖片
.pipe(imagemin({
progressive: true
}))
// 3. 寫入檔案
.pipe(dest('build/images'))
}
exports.image = image;
控制檯輸入指令gulp image
[17:00:07] Using gulpfile F:\gulp-demo\gulpfile.js
[17:00:07] Starting 'image'...
[17:00:19] gulp-imagemin: Minified 3 images (saved 449 kB - 35.5%)
[17:00:19] Finished 'image' after 12 s
可以看到圖片的壓縮比例
4.處理less
const {
src,
dest
} = require('gulp');
const gulpLess = require('gulp-less');
const minifyCss = require('gulp-clean-css')
const sourcemaps = require('gulp-sourcemaps');
const rename = require('gulp-rename');
function less() {
return src('src/less/**.less') //1.建立輸入流
//2.建立sourcemap
.pipe(sourcemaps.init())
//3.less轉為css
.pipe(gulpLess())
//4.壓縮css
.pipe(minifyCss())
//5.修改名稱
.pipe(rename({extname: '.min.css'}))
//6.寫入sourcemap
.pipe(sourcemaps.write('./'))
//7.寫入檔案
.pipe(dest('build/less'))
}
exports.less = less;
控制檯輸入指令gulp less
在build/less
下會生成兩個檔案index.min.css
以及index.min.css.map
基本使用介紹完畢,接下來咱們分別通過開發環境跟正式環境來配置gulp
開發環境:
開發環境需要:
- css瀏覽器字首新增
- 熱更新
- 靜態伺服器啟動
相關配置:
const gulp = require('gulp');
//內建方法
const {
series,
parallel,
watch,
src,
dest
} = require('gulp');
//工具
const autoprefixer = require('gulp-autoprefixer');
const include = require('gulp-file-include');
const clean = require('gulp-clean');
//轉碼
const less = require('gulp-less');
//瀏覽器
const browserSync = require('browser-sync').create();
const reload = browserSync.reload;
//原始檔路徑
const srcPath = {
root: 'src',
html: ['src/**/*.html', '!src/include/**/*.html'],
images: 'src/images/*',
css: 'src/css/*.css',
less: 'src/less/*.less',
js: 'src/js/*.js',
library: 'src/library/*.js'
};
//開發生成路徑
const distPath = {
root: 'dist',
html: 'dist',
images: 'dist/images',
css: 'dist/css',
less: 'dist/less',
js: 'dist/js',
library: 'dist/library',
manifest: 'dist/**/*.json',
};
//開發環境
//css處理
function cssDev() {
return src(srcPath.css)
.pipe(autoprefixer({
browsers: ['last 2 versions'],
cascade: false,
}))
.pipe(dest(distPath.css))
.pipe(reload({
stream: true
}))
}
//less處理
function lessDev() {
return src(srcPath.less)
.pipe(less())
.pipe(autoprefixer({
browsers: ['last 2 versions'],
cascade: false,
}))
.pipe(dest(distPath.less))
.pipe(reload({
stream: true
}))
}
//js處理
function jsDev() {
return gulp.src(srcPath.js)
.pipe(dest(distPath.js))
.pipe(reload({
stream: true
}))
}
//library 處理
function libraryDev() {
return src(srcPath.library)
.pipe(dest(distPath.library))
.pipe(reload({
stream: true
}))
}
//image 處理
function imagesDev() {
return src(srcPath.images)
.pipe(dest(distPath.images))
.pipe(reload({
stream: true
}))
}
//html 處理
function htmlDev() {
return src(srcPath.html)
.pipe(include({}))
.pipe(dest(distPath.html))
.pipe(reload({
stream: true
}))
}
//清除dist目錄
function cleanDir() {
return src('dist/*')
.pipe(clean({
read: false
}))
}
//靜態伺服器
function browser() {
browserSync.init({
server: {
baseDir: './dist',
}
})
watchDev();
}
function watchDev() {
console.log("開始監控")
watch(srcPath.css, function(cb) {
cssDev()
});
watch(srcPath.less, function(cb) {
lessDev()
});
watch(srcPath.html, function(cb) {
htmlDev()
});
watch(srcPath.js, function(cb) {
jsDev()
});
watch(srcPath.library, function(cb) {
libraryDev()
});
watch(srcPath.images, function(cb) {
imagesDev()
});
}
exports.dev = series(cleanDir, parallel(libraryDev, cssDev, lessDev, imagesDev, jsDev, htmlDev), browser)
在控制檯輸入gulp dev
,瀏覽器會啟動,預設埠號:3000,檔案更新後會監聽到並更新。
生產環境
生產環境需要:
- 程式碼壓縮
- js、css生成hash名稱
- css新增字首
- 圖片壓縮
const gulp = require('gulp');
const {
series,
parallel,
watch,
src,
dest
} = require('gulp');
//工具
const autoprefixer = require('gulp-autoprefixer');
const include = require('gulp-file-include');
const clean = require('gulp-clean');
//轉碼
const less = require('gulp-less');
const babel = require('gulp-babel');
const css_base64 = require('gulp-css-base64');
//壓縮優化
const minifyHtml = require('gulp-htmlmin');
const minifyImage = require('gulp-imagemin');
const minifyJs = require('gulp-uglify');
const minifyCss = require('gulp-clean-css');
//版本控制
const rev = require('gulp-rev');
const revCollector = require('gulp-rev-collector');
const delOriginal = require('gulp-rev-delete-original');
//瀏覽器
const browserSync = require('browser-sync').create();
const reload = browserSync.reload;
//原始檔路徑
const srcPath = {
root: 'src',
html: ['src/**/*.html', '!src/include/**/*.html'],
images: 'src/images/*',
css: 'src/css/*.css',
less: 'src/less/*.less',
js: 'src/js/*.js',
library: 'src/library/*.js'
};
//生產生成路徑
const buildPath = {
root: 'build',
html: 'build',
images: 'build/images',
css: 'build/css',
less: 'build/less',
js: 'build/js',
library: 'build/library',
manifest: 'build/**/*.json',
};
//生產環境
//第三方庫
function libraryBuild() {
return src(srcPath.library)
.pipe(minifyJs())
.pipe(dest(buildPath.library));
}
//css處理
function cssBuild() {
return src([buildPath.manifest, buildPath.css + '/*.css'])
.pipe(revCollector())
.pipe(rev())
.pipe(delOriginal())
.pipe(dest(buildPath.css))
.pipe(rev.manifest())
.pipe(dest(buildPath.css))
}
function cssCompile() {
return src([srcPath.css])
.pipe(css_base64({
maxWeightResource: 8 * 1024,
}))
.pipe(autoprefixer())
.pipe(minifyCss())
.pipe(dest(buildPath.css))
}
//less處理
function lessBuild() {
return src([buildPath.manifest, buildPath.less + '/*.css'])
.pipe(revCollector())
.pipe(rev())
.pipe(delOriginal())
.pipe(dest(buildPath.less))
.pipe(rev.manifest())
.pipe(dest(buildPath.less))
}
function lessCompile() {
return src([srcPath.less])
.pipe(css_base64({
maxWeightResource: 8 * 1024,
}))
.pipe(less())
.pipe(autoprefixer())
.pipe(minifyCss())
.pipe(dest(buildPath.less))
}
//js處理
function jsBuild() {
return src(srcPath.js)
.pipe(babel({
presets: ['env'],
}))
.pipe(minifyJs())
.pipe(rev())
.pipe(dest(buildPath.js))
.pipe(rev.manifest())
.pipe(dest(buildPath.js))
}
//image 處理
function imagesBuild() {
return src(srcPath.images)
.pipe(minifyImage())
.pipe(rev())
.pipe(dest(buildPath.images))
.pipe(rev.manifest())
.pipe(dest(buildPath.images))
}
//html 處理
function htmlBuild() {
return src([buildPath.manifest, ...srcPath.html])
.pipe(include({}))
.pipe(revCollector({
replaceReved: true,
}))
.pipe(minifyHtml({
collapseWhitespace: true,
}))
.pipe(dest(buildPath.html))
}
//清除build目錄
function cleanBuild() {
return src('build/*')
.pipe(clean({
read: false
}))
}
//清除manifest
function cleanManifest() {
return src('build/**/*.json')
.pipe(clean({
read: false
}))
}
exports.build = series(cleanBuild, imagesBuild, jsBuild, libraryBuild, lessCompile, lessBuild, cssCompile, cssBuild, htmlBuild,
cleanManifest)
控制檯輸入gulp build
就會生成build
目錄,將生成後的目錄上傳至伺服器即可
[20:27:33] Using gulpfile F:\gulp-demo\gulpfile.js
[20:27:33] Starting 'build'...
[20:27:33] Starting 'cleanBuild'...
[20:27:33] Finished 'cleanBuild' after 37 ms
[20:27:33] Starting 'imagesBuild'...
[20:27:45] gulp-imagemin: Minified 2 images (saved 174 kB - 21.5%)
[20:27:45] Finished 'imagesBuild' after 12 s
[20:27:45] Starting 'jsBuild'...
[20:27:46] Finished 'jsBuild' after 832 ms
[20:27:46] Starting 'libraryBuild'...
[20:27:46] Finished 'libraryBuild' after 3.77 ms
[20:27:46] Starting 'lessCompile'...
[20:27:46] Finished 'lessCompile' after 66 ms
[20:27:46] Starting 'lessBuild'...
[20:27:46] Finished 'lessBuild' after 18 ms
[20:27:46] Starting 'cssCompile'...
[20:27:46] Finished 'cssCompile' after 8.67 ms
[20:27:46] Starting 'cssBuild'...
[20:27:46] Finished 'cssBuild' after 13 ms
[20:27:46] Starting 'htmlBuild'...
[20:27:46] Finished 'htmlBuild' after 23 ms
[20:27:46] Finished 'build' after 13 s
最後附上github地址:demo下載
如果想獲取更多內容,可以掃描下方二維碼,一起學習,一起進步。