Oracle SQL語句練習題
阿新 • • 發佈：2020-12-30
文章目錄
一、表的介紹
Oracle中有幾個原始的表，我們可以以其中的三個表為例，來學習一下Oracle中中SQL語句的使用。先看下這幾個表的結構：
- 僱員表（emp）
假設該表中的資料為：
- 部門表（dept）
假設該表中的資料為：
- 工資等級表（salgrade）
假設該表中的資料為：
二、SQL語句
1、查詢20號部門的所有員工資訊
select * from emp where deptno = 20;
2、查詢所有工種為CLERK的員工的工號、員工名和部門名
select empno,ename,deptno from emp where job like 'CLERK';
3、查詢獎金（COMM）高於工資（SAL）的員工資訊
select * from emp where comm > sal;
4、 查詢獎金高於工資的20%的員工資訊
select * from emp where comm > (sal*0.2);
5、查詢10號部門中工種為MANAGER和20號部門中工種為CLERK的員工的資訊
select * from emp
where (deptno = 10 and job like 'MANAGER') or (deptno = 20 and job like 'CLERK');
6、查詢所有工種不是MANAGER和CLERK，且工資大於或等於2000的員工的詳細資訊
select * from emp
where job not in ('MANAGER','CLERK') and sal >= 2000 ;
7、查詢有獎金的員工的不同工種。
select distinct job from emp where comm is not null;
8、查詢所有員工工資和獎金的和。
select ename,(sal+nvl(comm,0)) salcomm from emp;
9、查詢沒有獎金或獎金低於100的員工資訊。
select * from emp where (comm is null or comm < 100) ;
10、查詢各月倒數第2天入職的員工資訊。
select * from emp where hiredate in (select (last_day(hiredate)-1) from emp);
11、 查詢員工工齡大於或等於10年的員工資訊。
select * from emp where (sysdate - hiredate)/365 >= 10 ;
12、查詢員工資訊，要求以首字母大寫的方式顯示所有員工的姓名。
select upper(substr(ename,1,1)) || lower(substr(ename,2,length(ename)-1)) from emp;
13、查詢員工名正好為6個字元的員工的資訊。
select * from emp where length（ename）= 6 ;
14、查詢員工名字中不包含字母“S”員工。
select * from emp where ename not in (select ename from emp where ename like '%S%') ;
select * from emp where ename not like ‘%S%’;
15、查詢員工姓名的第2個字母為“M”的員工資訊。
select * from emp where ename like '_M%';
16、查詢所有員工姓名的前3個字元。
select substr(ename,1,3) from emp ;
17、查詢所有員工的姓名，如果包含字母“s”，則用“S”替換。
select replace(ename,'s','S') from emp ;
18、查詢員工的姓名和入職日期，並按入職日期從先到後進行排列。
select ename,hiredate from emp order by hiredate asc ;
19、顯示所有的姓名、工種、工資和獎金，按工種降序排列，若工種相同則按工資升序排列。
select ename,job,sal,comm from emp order by job desc,sal asc ;
20、顯示所有員工的姓名、入職的年份和月份，若入職日期所在的月份排序，若月份相同則按入職的年份排序。
select ename,to_char(hiredate,'yyyy')||'-'||to_char(hiredate,'mm') from emp order by to_char(hiredate,'mm'),to_char(hiredate,'yyyy');
21、 查詢在2月份入職的所有員工資訊。
select * from emp where to_char(hiredate,'mm') = 2 ;
22、查詢所有員工入職以來的工作期限，用“年月日”的形式表示。
select ename,floor((sysdate-hiredate)/365)||'年'||floor(mod((sysdate-hiredate),365)/30)||'月'||cell(mod(mod((sysdate-hiredate),365),30))||'天' from emp ;
23、查詢至少有一個員工的部門資訊。
select * from dept where deptno in (select distinct deptno from emp where mgr is not null) ;
24、查詢工資比SMITH員工工資高的所有員工資訊。
select * from emp where sal > (select sal from emp where ename like 'SMITH') ;
25、查詢所有員工的姓名及其直接上級的姓名。
select staname,ename supname from (select ename staname,mgr from emp) t join emp on t.mgr=emp.empno ;
26、查詢入職日期早於其直接上級領導的所有員工資訊。
select * from emp where empno in (select staempno from (select empno staempno,hiredate stahiredate,mgr from emp) t join emp on t.mgr=emp.empno and stahiredate < hiredate) ;
27、查詢所有部門及其員工資訊，包括那些沒有員工的部門。
select * from dept left join emp on emp.deptno=dept.deptno order by dept.deptno ;
28、查詢所有工種為CLERK的員工的姓名及其部門名稱。
select ename,dname from emp join dept on job like 'CLERK' and emp.deptno=dept.deptno ;
29、查詢最低工資大於2500的各種工作。
select job from (select min(sal) min_sal,job from emp group by job) where min_sal > 2500 ;
30、查詢最低工資低於2000的部門及其員工資訊。
select * from emp where deptno in (select deptno from (select min(sal) min_sal,deptno from emp group by deptno) where min_sal < '2000') ;
31、查詢在SALES部門工作的員工的姓名資訊。
select ename from emp where deptno = (select deptno from dept where dname like 'SALES');
32、查詢工資高於公司平均工資的所有員工資訊。
select * from emp where sal > (select avg(sal) from emp) ;
33、 查詢與SMITH員工從事相同工作的所有員工資訊。
select * from emp where job in (select job from emp where ename like 'SMITH') and ename not like 'SMITH' ;
34、列出工資等於30號部門中某個員工工資的所有員工的姓名和工資。
select ename,sal from emp where sal =any (select sal from emp where deptno = 30) ;
35、查詢工資高於30號部門中工作的所有員工的工資的員工姓名和工資。
select ename,sal from emp where sal >all (select sal from emp where deptno = 30) ;
36、查詢每個部門中的員工數量、平均工資和平均工作年限。
select dname,count,avg_sal,avg_date from dept join (select count(*) count,avg(sal) avg_sal,avg((sysdate-hiredate)/365) avg_date,deptno from emp group by deptno) t on dept.deptno = t.deptno ;
37、 查詢從事同一種工作但不屬於同一部門的員工資訊。
select distinct t1.empno,t1.ename,t1.deptno from emp t1 join emp t2 on t1.job like t2.job and t1.deptno <> t2.deptno ;
38、 查詢各個部門的詳細資訊以及部門人數、部門平均工資。
Select dept.*,person_num,avg_sal from dept,(select count(*) person_num,avg(sal) avg_sal,deptno from emp group by deptno) t where dept.deptno = t.deptno ;
39、查詢各種工作的最低工資。
select job,min(sal) from emp group by job ;
40、查詢各個部門中的不同工種的最高工資。
select max(sal),job,deptno from emp group by deptno,job order by deptno,job ；
41、 查詢10號部門員工以及領導的資訊。
select * from emp where empno in (select mgr from emp where deptno=10) or deptno = 10 ；
42、查詢各個部門的人數及平均工資。
select deptno,count(*),avg(sal) from emp group by deptno ；
43、 查詢工資為某個部門平均工資的員工資訊。
select * from emp where sal in (select avg(sal) avg_sal from emp group by deptno) ;
44、查詢工資高於本部門平均工資的員工的資訊。
select emp.* from emp join (select deptno,avg(sal) avg_sal from emp group by deptno) t on emp.deptno=t.deptno and sal>avg_sal ;
45、查詢工資高於本部門平均工資的員工的資訊及其部門的平均工資。
select emp.*,avg_sal from emp join (select deptno,avg(sal) avg_sal from emp group by deptno) t on emp.deptno=t.deptno and sal>avg_sal ;
46、查詢工資高於20號部門某個員工工資的員工的資訊。
select * from emp where sal >any(select sal from emp where deptno=20);
47、 統計各個工種的人數與平均工資。
select job,count(*),avg(sal) from emp group by job ;
48、統計每個部門中各個工種的人數與平均工資。
select deptno,job,count(*),avg(sal) from emp group by deptno,job order by deptno,job;
49、查詢工資、獎金與10 號部門某個員工工資、獎金都相同的員工的資訊。
select emp.* from emp join (select sal,comm from emp where deptno = 10) t on emp.sal=t.sal and nvl(emp.comm,0)=nvl(t.comm,0) and emp.deptno != 10;
50、查詢部門人數大於5的部門的員工的資訊。
select * from emp where deptno in (select deptno from emp group by deptno having count(*)>5);
51、 查詢所有員工工資都大於1000的部門的資訊。
select * from dept where deptno in (select distinct deptno from emp where deptno not in (select distinct deptno from emp where sal < 1000)) ;
52、查詢所有員工工資都大於1000的部門的資訊及其員工資訊。
select * from emp join dept on dept.deptno in (select distinct deptno from emp where deptno not in (select distinct deptno from emp where sal < 1000)) and dept.deptno=emp.deptno;
53、查詢所有員工工資都在900~3000之間的部門的資訊。
select * from dept where deptno in (select distinct deptno from emp where deptno not in (select distinct deptno from emp where sal not between 900 and 3000)) ;
54、查詢所有工資都在900~3000之間的員工所在部門的員工資訊。
select * from emp where deptno in (select distinct deptno from emp where deptno not in (select distinct deptno from emp where sal not between 900 and 3000)) ;
55、 查詢每個員工的領導所在部門的資訊。
select * from (select e1.empno,e1.ename,e1.mgr mno,e2.ename mname,e2.deptno from emp e1 join emp e2 on e1.mgr=e2.empno) t join dept on t.deptno=dept.deptno ;
56、查詢人數最多的部門資訊。
select * from dept where deptno in (select deptno from (select count(*) count,deptno from emp group by deptno) where count in (select max(count) from (select count(*) count,deptno from emp group by deptno)));
57、 查詢30號部門中工資排序前3名的員工資訊。
select * from emp where empno in (select empno from (select empno,sal from emp where deptno=30 order by sal desc) where rownum < 4) ;
58、查詢所有員工中工資排在5~10名之間的員工資訊。
select * from emp where empno in (select empno from (select empno,rownum num from (select empno,sal from emp order by sal desc)) where num between 5 and 10 ) ;
select empno from (select empno,sal from emp order by sal desc) where rownum <= 10 minus select empno from (select empno,sal from emp order by sal desc) where rownum < 5 ;
59、 向emp表中插入一條記錄，員工號為1357，員工名字為oracle，工資為2050元，部門號為20，入職日期為2002年5月10日。
insertinto emp(empno,ename,sal,deptno,hiredate) values (1357,'oracle',2050,20,to_date('2002年5月10日','yyyy"年"mm"月"dd"日"')) ;
60、將各部門員工的工資修改為該員工所在部門平均工資加1000。
update emp t1 set sal = (select new_sal from (select avg(sal)+1000 new_sal,deptno from emp group by deptno) t2 wher e t1.deptno = t2.deptno ) ;
61、查詢82年員工
select e.* from emp e where to_char(e.hiredate, 'yy') like '82';
select e.* from emp e where to_char(e.hiredate,'yyyy')='1982';
62、查詢32年工齡的人員
```java
select round(sysdate-e.hiredate)/365, e.ename,e.hiredate from emp e where round((sysdate-e.hiredate)/365)=32;
63、顯示員工僱傭期 6 個月後下一個星期一的日期
select next_day(add_months(e.hiredate,6),2) from emp e ;
64、找沒有上級的員工，把mgr的欄位資訊輸出為 “boss”
select decode(e.mgr,null,'boss','中國好聲音') from emp e;
65、為所有人長工資，標準是：10部門長10%；20部門長15%；30部門長20%其他部門長18%
select decode(e.deptno,10,e.sal*1.1,20,e.sal*1.15, e.sal*1.18) 漲工資 ,e.deptno, e.sal from emp e ;
66、求部門中薪水最高的人
select ename,sal,emp.deptno from emp
join (select deptno,max(sal) max_sal from emp group by deptno) t
on (emp.deptno = t.deptno and emp.sal = t.max_sal);
select ename, sal, deptno
from emp
where sal in (select max(sal) from emp group by deptno);
67、求部門平均薪水的等級
select deptno, avg_sal, grade from
(select deptno,avg(sal) avg_sal from emp group by deptno) t
join salgrade
on (t.avg_sal between salgrade.losal and salgrade.hisal);
68、求部門平均的薪水等級
select deptno, avg(grade) avg_sal_grade from (select deptno, grade from emp
join salgrade on emp.sal between salgrade.losal and salgrade.hisal) group by deptno;
69、僱員中有哪些人是經理人
select distinct e2.ename manager from emp e1 join emp e2 on e1.mgr = e2.empno;
select ename from emp where empno in (select mgr from emp);
70、不準用組函式，求薪水的最高值
select distinct sal max_sal from emp where sal not in
(select e1.sal e1_sal from emp e1 join emp e2 on e1.sal < e2.sal);
select * from (select * from emp order by sal desc) t where rownum <2
71、求平均薪水最高的部門的部門編號
select deptno, avg_sal from (select deptno, avg(sal) avg_sal from emp group by deptno)
where avg_sal = (select max(avg_sal) from (select avg(sal) avg_sal from emp group by
deptno) );
組函式巢狀寫法(對多可以巢狀一次，group by 只對內層函式有效)
select deptno, avg_sal from
(select deptno, avg(sal) avg_sal from emp group by deptno) where avg_sal =
(select max(avg(sal)) from emp group by deptno);
72、求平均薪水最高的部門的部門名稱
select t1.deptno, dname, avg_sal from (select deptno,avg(sal) avg_sal from emp group by deptno) t1 join dept on t1.deptno = dept.deptno where avg_sal = (select max(avg_sal) from
(select deptno,avg(sal) avg_sal from emp group by deptno) );
select dname from dept where deptno = (select deptno from
(select deptno,avg(sal) avg_sal from emp group by deptno) where avg_sal =
(select max(avg_sal) from
(select deptno,avg(sal) avg_sal from emp group by deptno) ) );
73、求平均薪水的等級最低的部門的部門名稱
select dname from dept join (select deptno, grade from
(select deptno, avg(sal) avg_sal from emp group by deptno) t join salgrade
on (t.avg_sal between salgrade.losal and salgrade.hisal) ) t
on dept.deptno = t.deptno where t.grade = (select min(grade) from
(select avg(sal) avg_sal from emp group by deptno) t join salgrade
on (t.avg_sal between salgrade.losal and salgrade.hisal) );
74、求部門經理人中平均薪水最低的部門名稱
```java
select dname from (select deptno, avg(sal) avg_sal from emp where empno in (select mgr from emp)group by deptno)t join dept on t.deptno = dept.deptno where avg_sal = (select min(avg_sal) from (select avg(sal) avg_sal from emp where empno in
(select mgr from emp) group by deptno) t );
75、求比普通員工的最高薪水還要高的經理人名稱(not in)
select ename from emp where empno in (select mgr from emp) and sal > (select max(sal) from (select e2.sal from emp e1 right join emp e2 on e1.mgr = e2.empno where e1.ename is null) t );
select ename from emp where empno in (select mgr from emp) and sal >
(select max(sal) from emp where empno not in (select distinct mgr from emp where mgr is not null) );
//NOT IN遇到NULL則返回NULL，必須排除NULL值
76、求薪水最高的前5名僱員
select empno,ename from (select * from emp order by sal desc) where rownum<=5;
77、求薪水最高的第6到第10名僱員
select ename,sal from (select t.*,rownum r from (select * from emp order by sal desc) t
) where r>=6 and r<=10;
78、求最後入職的5名員工
select ename, to_char(hiredate,'YYYY"年"MM"月"DD"日"') hiredate from (select t.*,rownum r from (select * from emp order by hiredate desc)t )
where r<=5;
select ename, to_char(hiredate,'YYYY"年"MM"月"DD""') hiredate from (select t.*,rownum r from
(select * from emp order by hiredate)t
)where r>(select count(*)-5 from emp);