在 QEMU 上執行 RISC-V 32 位版本的 Linux
阿新 • • 發佈：2021-01-07
前言
最近中科院軟體所PLCT實驗室要開始基於 OpenJDK11 進行 RISC-V 32G 的移植工作，需要搭建好 RISC-V 32 位的 Linux 環境，本文就是介紹 RISC-V 32 位 Yocto版本的 Linux 環境的搭建過程。
1. 環境準備
1.1 宿主機
本次部署基於 Ubuntu 18.04.5 LTS 進行操作。
$ lsb_release -a No LSB modules are available. Distributor ID: Ubuntu Description: Ubuntu 18.04.5 LTS Release: 18.04 Codename: bionic
1.2 交叉工具鏈
構建 32-bit RV32GC 的 riscv-gnu-toolchain，以下兩種方法均可以完成構建，本文采用的是第二種。
-
基於官方的指導構建
https://github.com/riscv/riscv-gnu-toolchain
-
直接下載構建好的工具鏈
http://plct.zdlgv5.com/riscv32_extlib.tar.gzplct.zdlgv5.com
$ wget http://plct.zdlgv5.com/riscv32_extlib.tar.gz $ tar -xzvf riscv32_extlib.tar.gz設定環境變數
$ export PATH=$PATH:./riscv32/bin
注：
-
上面的環境變數只在當前終端有效，也可以 ~/.bashrc 檔案中永久生效。
-
測試構建是否成功可以執行：
$ riscv32-unknown-linux-gnu-gcc -v
出現類似輸出即表示安裝成功。
$ riscv32-unknown-linux-gnu-gcc -v Using built-in specs. COLLECT_GCC=riscv32-unknown-linux-gnu-gcc COLLECT_LTO_WRAPPER=/home/jiayou/riscv32/bin/../libexec/gcc/riscv32-unknown-linux-gnu/9.2.0/lto-wrapper Target: riscv32-unknown-linux-gnu Configured with: /home/zhangdingli/toolchain/riscv-gnu-toolchain/riscv-gcc/configure --target=riscv32-unknown-linux-gnu --prefix=/home/zhangdingli/toolchain/riscv32 --with-sysroot=/home/zhangdingli/toolchain/riscv32/sysroot --with-system-zlib --enable-shared --enable-tls --enable-languages=c,c++,fortran --disable-libmudflap --disable-libssp --disable-libquadmath --disable-libsanitizer --disable-nls --disable-bootstrap --src=.././riscv-gcc --disable-multilib --with-abi=ilp32d --with-arch=rv32gc --with-tune=rocket 'CFLAGS_FOR_TARGET=-O2 -mcmodel=medlow' 'CXXFLAGS_FOR_TARGET=-O2 -mcmodel=medlow' Thread model: posix gcc version 9.2.0 (GCC)
2. 部署 Yocto
2.1 Create workspace
$ mkdir riscv-yocto && cd riscv-yocto
$ repo init -u git://github.com/riscv/meta-riscv -b master -m tools/manifests/riscv-yocto.xml
$ repo sync
$ repo start work --all
注：
這裡可能會遇到下面的錯誤：
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/home/jiayou/riscv-sifive/.repo/repo/main.py", line 49, in <module>
import event_log
File "/home/jiayou/riscv-sifive/.repo/repo/event_log.py", line 167, in <module>
_EVENT_ID = multiprocessing.Value('i', 1)
File "/snap/git-repo/18/usr/lib/python2.7/multiprocessing/__init__.py", line 253, in Value
return Value(typecode_or_type, *args, **kwds)
File "/snap/git-repo/18/usr/lib/python2.7/multiprocessing/sharedctypes.py", line 108, in Value
lock = RLock()
File "/snap/git-repo/18/usr/lib/python2.7/multiprocessing/__init__.py", line 183, in RLock
return RLock()
File "/snap/git-repo/18/usr/lib/python2.7/multiprocessing/synchronize.py", line 172, in __init__
SemLock.__init__(self, RECURSIVE_MUTEX, 1, 1)
File "/snap/git-repo/18/usr/lib/python2.7/multiprocessing/synchronize.py", line 75, in __init__
sl = self._semlock = _multiprocessing.SemLock(kind, value, maxvalue)
OSError: [Errno 13] Permission denied
解決方法如下：
$ mkdir -p ~/.bin
$ PATH="${HOME}/.bin:${PATH}"
$ curl https://storage.googleapis.com/git-repo-downloads/repo > ~/.bin/repo
$ chmod a+rx ~/.bin/repo
2.2 Update existing workspace
$ cd riscv-yocto
$ repo sync
$ repo rebase
2.3 Setup Build Environment
. ./meta-riscv/setup.sh
2.4 Build Images
To build a console-only image for the 64-bit QEMU machine
$ MACHINE=qemuriscv32 bitbake core-image-full-cmdline
注：第一次執行這步需要較長的執行過程。
2.5 Running in QEMU
MACHINE=qemuriscv32 runqemu nographic
成功啟動後終端測試如下：
...
OpenEmbedded nodistro.0 qemuriscv32 ttyS0
qemuriscv32 login: root
[email protected]:~# uname -a
Linux qemuriscv32 5.8.18-yocto-standard #1 SMP PREEMPT Tue Jan 5 10:15:33 UTC 2021 riscv32 riscv32 riscv32 GNU/Linux
[email protected]:~# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/root 123M 88M 27M 78% /
devtmpfs 115M 0 115M 0% /dev
tmpfs 115M 0 115M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 46M 8.4M 38M 19% /run
tmpfs 4.0M 0 4.0M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
tmpfs 115M 0 115M 0% /tmp
tmpfs 115M 72K 115M 1% /var/volatile
tmpfs 23M 0 23M 0% /run/user/0
[email protected]:~# cat /proc/cpuinfo
processor : 0
hart : 0
isa : rv32imafdcsu
mmu : sv32
[email protected]:~# free -mh
total used free shared buff/cache available
Mem: 228Mi 28Mi 157Mi 8.0Mi 42Mi 184Mi
Swap: 0B 0B 0B
[email protected]:~#
3. 修改虛機配置
上面啟動的虛機本身儲存空間較小，且不能使用 SSH 和 SCP 功能，以下操作是對應的解決辦法。
3.1 開啟 SSH 和 SCP
-
修改虛機配置檔案
riscv-yocto/openembedded-core/meta/conf/machine/include/riscv/qemuriscv.incQB_TAP_OPT = "-netdev tap,id=net0,[email protected]@,script=no,downscript=no" 為
QB_TAP_OPT = "-netdev tap,id=net0,[email protected]@,script=no,downscript=no,hostfwd=tcp::2222-:22" -
重新編譯映象
$ MACHINE=qemuriscv32 bitbake core-image-full-cmdline -
啟動虛擬機器
$ MACHINE=qemuriscv32 runqemu nographic slirp -
測試
SCP$ scp -P 2222 ./jdk32.tar.gz [email protected]:~/ The authenticity of host '[localhost]:2222 ([127.0.0.1]:2222)' can't be established. ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:qnd5gnS289OoComcMnUqAn/JC24ibc+GUNDiUghshcU. Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes Warning: Permanently added '[localhost]:2222' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts. jdk32.tar.gz 100% 160MB 8.8MB/s 00:18 [email protected]:~$SSH
$ ssh -p 2222 [email protected] Last login: Thu Dec 10 11:45:03 2020 [email protected]:~#
注：
- 啟動 SSH 和 SCP 後啟動虛機命令變為 " MACHINE=qemuriscv32 runqemu nographic
slirp" - 參考： https://github.com/riscv/meta-riscv/issues/195
3.2 修改虛機儲存
編譯的映象儲存在 riscv-yocto/build/tmp-glibc/deploy/images/qemuriscv32 檔案下，可以進去該目錄下進行相關操作
- 進入映象儲存位置
$ cd riscv-yocto/build/tmp-glibc/deploy/images/qemuriscv32
$ ls -lh
total 289M
lrwxrwxrwx 2 jiayou jiayou 74 Jan 5 10:19 Image -> Image--5.8.18+git0+b976de4f41_3c5d210805-r0-qemuriscv32-20210105094513.bin
-rw-r--r-- 2 jiayou jiayou 21M Jan 5 10:19 Image--5.8.18+git0+b976de4f41_3c5d210805-r0-qemuriscv32-20210105094513.bin
lrwxrwxrwx 2 jiayou jiayou 74 Jan 5 10:19 Image-qemuriscv32.bin -> Image--5.8.18+git0+b976de4f41_3c5d210805-r0-qemuriscv32-20210105094513.bin
-rw-rw-r-- 2 jiayou jiayou 1.5K Jan 5 11:18 core-image-full-cmdline-qemuriscv32-20210105094513.qemuboot.conf
-rw-r--r-- 2 jiayou jiayou 132M Jan 5 12:04 core-image-full-cmdline-qemuriscv32-20210105094513.rootfs.ext4
-rw-r--r-- 2 jiayou jiayou 15K Jan 5 11:18 core-image-full-cmdline-qemuriscv32-20210105094513.rootfs.manifest
-rw-rw-r-- 2 jiayou jiayou 29M Jan 5 11:18 core-image-full-cmdline-qemuriscv32-20210105094513.rootfs.tar.bz2
-rw-r--r-- 2 jiayou jiayou 108M Jan 5 11:18 core-image-full-cmdline-qemuriscv32-20210105094513.rootfs.wic.qcow2
-rw-r--r-- 2 jiayou jiayou 214K Jan 5 11:18 core-image-full-cmdline-qemuriscv32-20210105094513.testdata.json
lrwxrwxrwx 2 jiayou jiayou 62 Jan 5 11:18 core-image-full-cmdline-qemuriscv32.ext4 -> core-image-full-cmdline-qemuriscv32-20210105094513.rootfs.ext4
lrwxrwxrwx 2 jiayou jiayou 66 Jan 5 11:18 core-image-full-cmdline-qemuriscv32.manifest -> core-image-full-cmdline-qemuriscv32-20210105094513.rootfs.manifest
lrwxrwxrwx 2 jiayou jiayou 64 Jan 5 11:18 core-image-full-cmdline-qemuriscv32.qemuboot.conf -> core-image-full-cmdline-qemuriscv32-20210105094513.qemuboot.conf
lrwxrwxrwx 2 jiayou jiayou 65 Jan 5 11:18 core-image-full-cmdline-qemuriscv32.tar.bz2 -> core-image-full-cmdline-qemuriscv32-20210105094513.rootfs.tar.bz2
lrwxrwxrwx 2 jiayou jiayou 64 Jan 5 11:18 core-image-full-cmdline-qemuriscv32.testdata.json -> core-image-full-cmdline-qemuriscv32-20210105094513.testdata.json
lrwxrwxrwx 2 jiayou jiayou 67 Jan 5 11:18 core-image-full-cmdline-qemuriscv32.wic.qcow2 -> core-image-full-cmdline-qemuriscv32-20210105094513.rootfs.wic.qcow2
-rw-rw-r-- 2 jiayou jiayou 4.1K Jan 5 11:18 core-image-full-cmdline.env
-rwxr-xr-x 2 jiayou jiayou 61K Jan 5 11:02 fw_dynamic.bin
-rwxr-xr-x 2 jiayou jiayou 555K Jan 5 11:02 fw_dynamic.elf
-rwxr-xr-x 2 jiayou jiayou 61K Jan 5 11:02 fw_jump.bin
-rwxr-xr-x 2 jiayou jiayou 555K Jan 5 11:02 fw_jump.elf
-rwxr-xr-x 2 jiayou jiayou 25M Jan 5 11:02 fw_payload.bin
-rwxr-xr-x 2 jiayou jiayou 22M Jan 5 11:02 fw_payload.elf
-rw-rw-r-- 2 jiayou jiayou 2.4M Jan 5 10:19 modules--5.8.18+git0+b976de4f41_3c5d210805-r0-qemuriscv32-20210105094513.tgz
lrwxrwxrwx 2 jiayou jiayou 76 Jan 5 10:19 modules-qemuriscv32.tgz -> modules--5.8.18+git0+b976de4f41_3c5d210805-r0-qemuriscv32-20210105094513.tgz
lrwxrwxrwx 2 jiayou jiayou 75 Jan 5 10:19 uImage -> uImage--5.8.18+git0+b976de4f41_3c5d210805-r0-qemuriscv32-20210105094513.bin
-rw-r--r-- 2 jiayou jiayou 5.8M Jan 5 10:19 uImage--5.8.18+git0+b976de4f41_3c5d210805-r0-qemuriscv32-20210105094513.bin
lrwxrwxrwx 2 jiayou jiayou 75 Jan 5 10:19 uImage-qemuriscv32.bin -> uImage--5.8.18+git0+b976de4f41_3c5d210805-r0-qemuriscv32-20210105094513.bin
- 修改映象大小
# 建立名字為new_img.img，大小為：10G 的Image
$ dd if=/dev/zero of=new_img.img bs=1G count=10
# 格式化新建的Image ext4
$ mkfs.ext4 new_img.img
# 建立新舊Image的掛在目錄
$ sudo mkdir newImage
$ sudo mkdir oldImage
# 掛載Image
$ sudo mount new_img.img ./newImage/
$ sudo mount core-image-full-cmdline-qemuriscv32-20210105094513.rootfs.ext4 ./oldImage/
# 將舊image對應的目錄頁拷貝到新image對應的目錄
$ sudo cp -r ./oldImage/* ./newImage/
# 解除安裝目錄
sudo umount ./newImage/
sudo umount ./oldImage/
# 將新的image檔案修改為舊image檔名
$ sudo mv core-image-full-cmdline-qemuriscv32-20210105094513.rootfs.ext4 core-image-full-cmdline-qemuriscv32-20210105094513.rootfs.ext4.backup
$ sudo mv new_img.img core-image-full-cmdline-qemuriscv32-20210105094513.rootfs.ext4
再啟動虛機檢視儲存確實變為 10 G
qemuriscv32 login: root
[email protected]:~# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/root 9.8G 144M 9.2G 2% /
devtmpfs 115M 0 115M 0% /dev
tmpfs 115M 0 115M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 46M 8.4M 38M 19% /run
tmpfs 4.0M 0 4.0M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
tmpfs 115M 0 115M 0% /tmp
tmpfs 115M 72K 115M 1% /var/volatile
tmpfs 23M 0 23M 0% /run/user/0
[email protected]:~#
注：
參考：https://www.cnblogs.com/grandblogs/p/12216955.html