配置Hive元資料資料庫為PostgreSQL
前提環境，在Linux伺服器安裝hadoop叢集
安裝hive
到hive官網下載hive安裝包
解壓及重新命名
tar zxvf apache-hive-2.3.6-bin.tar.gz
mv apache-hive-2.3.6-bin hive
/etc/profile環境變數配置
vim /etc/profile
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk1.8.0_261
PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin
export CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar
export ZOOKEEPER_HOME=/usr/local/zookeeper-3.4.5

export PATH=$ZOOKEEPER_HOME/bin:$PATH
export HADOOP_HOME=/usr/local/hadoop-2.7.3
export JAVA_LIBRARY_PATH=$HADOOP_HOME/lib/native
export HIVE_HOME=/usr/local/hive
export HIVE_CONF_DIR=$HIVE_HOME/conf
export PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin:$ZOOKEEPER_HOME/bin:$PATH:$HADOOP_HOME/bin:$HADOOP_HOME/sbin

source /etc/profile
hive-site.xml配置檔案

/usr/local/hive/conf
[root@DM03 conf]# cat hive-site.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="configuration.xsl"?>
<configuration>
<property>
<name>hive.exec.scratchdir</name>
<value>/tmp/hive2</value> #HDFS DIR
</property>
<property>
<name>hive.metastore.warehouse.dir</name>
<value>/user/hive2/warehouse</value> #HDFS DIR
</property>
<property>
<name>hive.querylog.location</name>
<value>/usr/local/hive/log</value> #LOCAL DIR
</property>
<property>
<name>hive.metastore.local</name>
<value>true</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionURL</name>
<value>jdbc:postgresql://172.25.5.40:5432/metastore_db</value>
<description>JDBC connect string for a JDBC metastore</description>
</property>
<property>
<name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionDriverName</name>
<value>org.postgresql.Driver</value>
<description>Driver class name for a JDBC metastore</description>
</property>
<property>
<name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionUserName</name>
<value>hive_user</value>
<description>Username to use against metastore database</description>
</property>
<property>
<name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionPassword</name>
<value>hive_user</value>
<description>password to use against metastore database</description>
</property>

</configuration>
建立HDFS目錄
<property>
<name>hive.exec.scratchdir</name>
<value>/tmp/hive2</value> #HDFS DIR
</property>
<property>
<name>hive.metastore.warehouse.dir</name>
<value>/user/hive2/warehouse</value> #HDFS DIR
</property>
hdfs dfs -mkdir -p /tmp/hive2
hdfs dfs -chmod -R 777 /tmp/hive2
hdfs dfs -mkdir -p /user/hive2/warehouse
hdfs dfs -chmod -R 777 /user/hive2/warehouse
建立本地臨時目錄
cd /usr/local/hive/
mkdir tmp
chmod -R 777 tmp/
hive 環境變數配置
hive-env.sh
export HADOOP_HOME=/usr/local/hadoop-2.7.3
export HIVE_CONF_DIR=/usr/local/hive/conf
export HIVE_AUX_JARS_PATH=/usr/local/hive/lib

1.在Postgres中為元資料增加使用者及資料庫
首先在PostgreSQL中為HIVE的元資料建立帳號和DB
--以管理員身份登入PG：
psql postgres -U postgres
--建立使用者hive_user:
create user hive_user;
--建立DB metastore_db，owner為hive_user:
create database metastore_db with owner=hive_user;
--設定hive_user的密碼：
\password hive_user
PostgreSQL的pg_hba.conf中的配置允許HIVE所在的機器ip可以訪問PG
/usr/local/pgsql/data/pg_hba.conf
host all all 0.0.0.0/0 trust
下載Postgresql的jdbc驅動
https://jdbc.postgresql.org/download.html
將下載的postgreqljdbc驅動放到hive的lib目錄中
[root@DM03 hive]# pwd
/usr/local/hive
[root@DM03 hive]# ll lib/postgresql-42.2.2.jar
初始化Hive元資料
[root@DM03 bin]# ./schematool -initSchema -dbType postgres
SLF4J: Class path contains multiple SLF4J bindings.
SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/usr/local/hive/lib/log4j-slf4j-impl-2.6.2.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class]
SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/usr/local/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/common/lib/slf4j-log4j12-1.7.10.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class]
SLF4J: See http://www.slf4j.org/codes.html#multiple_bindings for an explanation.
SLF4J: Actual binding is of type [org.apache.logging.slf4j.Log4jLoggerFactory]
Metastore connection URL: jdbc:postgresql://172.25.5.40:5432/metastore_db
Metastore Connection Driver : org.postgresql.Driver
Metastore connection User: hive_user
Starting metastore schema initialization to 2.3.0
Initialization script hive-schema-2.3.0.postgres.sql
Initialization script completed
schemaTool completed
檢視初始化的Hive元資料
[root@DM04 local]# psql -h 172.25.5.40 -Uhive_user -p 5432 -W -d metastore_db
Password for user hive_user:
psql (9.2.24, server 11.8)
WARNING: psql version 9.2, server version 11.0.
Some psql features might not work.
Type "help" for help.

metastore_db=> \d
List of relations
Schema | Name | Type | Owner
--------+---------------------------+----------+-----------
public | BUCKETING_COLS | table | hive_user
public | CDS | table | hive_user
public | COLUMNS_V2 | table | hive_user
public | DATABASE_PARAMS | table | hive_user
public | DBS | table | hive_user
public | DB_PRIVS | table | hive_user
public | DELEGATION_TOKENS | table | hive_user
public | FUNCS | table | hive_user
public | FUNC_RU | table | hive_user
public | GLOBAL_PRIVS | table | hive_user
public | IDXS | table | hive_user
public | INDEX_PARAMS | table | hive_user
public | KEY_CONSTRAINTS | table | hive_user
public | MASTER_KEYS | table | hive_user
public | MASTER_KEYS_KEY_ID_seq | sequence | hive_user
public | NOTIFICATION_LOG | table | hive_user
public | NOTIFICATION_SEQUENCE | table | hive_user
public | NUCLEUS_TABLES | table | hive_user
public | PARTITIONS | table | hive_user
public | PARTITION_EVENTS | table | hive_user
public | PARTITION_KEYS | table | hive_user
public | PARTITION_KEY_VALS | table | hive_user
public | PARTITION_PARAMS | table | hive_user
public | PART_COL_PRIVS | table | hive_user
public | PART_COL_STATS | table | hive_user
public | PART_PRIVS | table | hive_user
public | ROLES | table | hive_user
public | ROLE_MAP | table | hive_user
public | SDS | table | hive_user
public | SD_PARAMS | table | hive_user
public | SEQUENCE_TABLE | table | hive_user
public | SERDES | table | hive_user
public | SERDE_PARAMS | table | hive_user
public | SKEWED_COL_NAMES | table | hive_user
public | SKEWED_COL_VALUE_LOC_MAP | table | hive_user
public | SKEWED_STRING_LIST | table | hive_user
public | SKEWED_STRING_LIST_VALUES | table | hive_user
public | SKEWED_VALUES | table | hive_user
public | SORT_COLS | table | hive_user
public | TABLE_PARAMS | table | hive_user
public | TAB_COL_STATS | table | hive_user
public | TBLS | table | hive_user
public | TBL_COL_PRIVS | table | hive_user
public | TBL_PRIVS | table | hive_user
public | TYPES | table | hive_user
public | TYPE_FIELDS | table | hive_user
public | VERSION | table | hive_user
public | aux_table | table | hive_user
public | compaction_queue | table | hive_user
public | completed_compactions | table | hive_user
public | completed_txn_components | table | hive_user
public | hive_locks | table | hive_user
public | next_compaction_queue_id | table | hive_user
public | next_lock_id | table | hive_user
public | next_txn_id | table | hive_user
public | txn_components | table | hive_user
public | txns | table | hive_user
public | write_set | table | hive_user
(58 rows)
[root@DM03 bin]# ./hive
which: no hbase in (/root/perl5/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/jdk1.8.0_261/bin:/usr/local/hadoop-2.7.3/bin:/usr/local/hadoop-2.7.3/sbin:/usr/local/spark-2.4.3-bin-hadoop2.7/bin:/data1/db/python37/bin:/usr/local/hive/bin:/root/bin)
SLF4J: Class path contains multiple SLF4J bindings.
SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/usr/local/hive/lib/log4j-slf4j-impl-2.6.2.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class]
SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/usr/local/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/common/lib/slf4j-log4j12-1.7.10.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class]
SLF4J: See http://www.slf4j.org/codes.html#multiple_bindings for an explanation.
SLF4J: Actual binding is of type [org.apache.logging.slf4j.Log4jLoggerFactory]

Logging initialized using configuration in file:/usr/local/hive/conf/hive-log4j2.properties Async: true
Hive-on-MR is deprecated in Hive 2 and may not be available in the future versions. Consider using a different execution engine (i.e. spark, tez) or using Hive 1.X releases.
hive> show databases;
OK
default
Time taken: 7.171 seconds, Fetched: 1 row(s)
hive> create database testdb;
OK
Time taken: 0.366 seconds
hive> use testdb;
OK
Time taken: 0.044 seconds
hive>
hive> create table user_sample
> (
> user_num bigint,
> user_name string,
> user_gender string,
> user_age int
> ) row format delimited fields terminated by ',';
OK
Time taken: 0.985 seconds