ORACLE_OCP多租戶之12C手工建立CDB PDB版本
ORACLE_OCP多租戶之12C手工建立CDB PDB版本
一、手工建立CDB
第一步:首先修改oracle環境變數為cdb1:
- 可以使用以下命令進行修改:
- 切換到oracle使用者中: 後續步驟都在oracle使用者中操作。
su - oracle
[oracle@oracle12-cdb ~]$ vim .bash_profile [oracle@oracle12-cdb ~]$ cat .bash_profile # .bash_profile # Get the aliases and functions if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then . ~/.bashrc fi # User specific environment and startup programs PATH=$PATH:$HOME/.local/bin:$HOME/bin export PATH export TMP=/tmp export TMPDIR=$TMP export ORACLE_SID=cdb1 export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/12.2.0/db_1 export INVENTORY_LOCATION=/u01/oraInventory export TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib export NLS_LANG="AMERICAN_AMERICA.AL32UTF8" export NLS_DATE_FORMAT="YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS" export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/X11R6/bin:$PATH:$HOME/bin umask 022 alias sqlplus='rlwrap sqlplus' alias rman='rlwrap rman' [oracle@oracle12-cdb ~]$
- 生成環境變數
[oracle@oracle12-cdb ~]$ source .bash_profile
第二步:建立密碼檔案
[oracle@oracle12-cdb dbs]$ orapwd file=$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapwcdb1 password=oracle force=y format=12
第三步:建立pfile。使用下面的命令和引數去建立pfile
- 請確定你已經建立好了一個監聽。
- cd /home/oracle --注意這是LINUX作業系統命令不能在sqlplus下執行。
- mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/admin/cdb1/adump --建立cdb1的審計目錄
- mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdb1 --建立cdb1的資料檔案存放目錄
- mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdb1/pdbseed --建立pdbseed目錄
[oracle@oracle12-cdb ~]$ mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/admin/cdb1/adump [oracle@oracle12-cdb ~]$ mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdb1 [oracle@oracle12-cdb ~]$ mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdb1/pdbseed [oracle@oracle12-cdb ~]$ vim /home/oracle/init_cdb1.ora [oracle@oracle12-cdb ~]$ cat /home/oracle/init_cdb1.ora *.audit_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/cdb1/adump' *.audit_trail='db' *.control_files='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdb1/control01.ctl','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdb1/control02.ctl' *.db_block_size=8192 *.db_name='cdb1' *.diagnostic_dest='/u01/app/oracle' *.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=cdb1XDB)' *.enable_pluggable_database=true *.open_cursors=300 *.pga_aggregate_target=200m *.processes=300 *.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE' *.sga_target=800m *.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'
第四步:使用pfile建立spfile
- 使用sqlplus / as sysdba進入到oracle資料庫,使用我們創建出來的pfile啟動資料庫到nomount狀態,並建立spfile然後重新把資料庫啟動到startup nomount
[oracle@oracle12-cdb ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba SQL*Plus: Release 12.2.0.1.0 Production on Sat Jan 9 14:26:57 2021 Copyright (c) 1982, 2016, Oracle. All rights reserved. Connected to an idle instance. SQL> startup pfile='/home/oracle/init_cdb1.ora' nomount ORACLE instance started. Total System Global Area 838860800 bytes Fixed Size 8798312 bytes Variable Size 343936920 bytes Database Buffers 478150656 bytes Redo Buffers 7974912 bytes SQL> create spfile from pfile='/home/oracle/init_cdb1.ora'; File created. SQL> shutdown abort; ORACLE instance shut down. SQL> startup nomount; ORACLE instance started. Total System Global Area 838860800 bytes Fixed Size 8798312 bytes Variable Size 343936920 bytes Database Buffers 478150656 bytes Redo Buffers 7974912 bytes SQL>
第五步:建立一個CDB的建庫指令碼
- cd /home/oracle --不是重複了,是我要一直提醒大家,所有的相關檔案都必須放到這裡。
vim /home/oracle/create_cdb1.sql
CREATE DATABASE cdb1
USER SYS IDENTIFIED BY oracle
USER SYSTEM IDENTIFIED BY oracle
LOGFILE GROUP 1 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdb1/redo01a.log','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdb1/redo01b.log')
SIZE 100M BLOCKSIZE 512,
GROUP 2 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdb1/redo02a.log','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdb1/redo02b.log')
SIZE 100M BLOCKSIZE 512,
GROUP 3 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdb1/redo03a.log','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdb1/redo03b.log')
SIZE 100M BLOCKSIZE 512
MAXLOGHISTORY 1
MAXLOGFILES 16
MAXLOGMEMBERS 3
MAXDATAFILES 1024
CHARACTER SET AL32UTF8
NATIONAL CHARACTER SET AL16UTF16
EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL
DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdb1/system01.dbf'
SIZE 700M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 10240K MAXSIZE UNLIMITED
SYSAUX DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdb1/sysaux01.dbf'
SIZE 550M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 10240K MAXSIZE UNLIMITED
DEFAULT TABLESPACE deftbs
DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdb1/deftbs01.dbf'
SIZE 500M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED
DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE tempts1
TEMPFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdb1/temp01.dbf'
SIZE 20M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 640K MAXSIZE UNLIMITED
UNDO TABLESPACE undotbs1
DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdb1/undotbs01.dbf'
SIZE 200M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 5120K MAXSIZE UNLIMITED
USER_DATA TABLESPACE usertbs
DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdb1/pdbseed/usertbs01.dbf'
SIZE 50M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED
ENABLE PLUGGABLE DATABASE
SEED
FILE_NAME_CONVERT = ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdb1/', '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdb1/pdbseed/')
SYSTEM DATAFILES SIZE 125M AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 10M MAXSIZE UNLIMITED
SYSAUX DATAFILES SIZE 100M
LOCAL UNDO ON;
-
在已經啟動到nomount狀態下的資料庫sqlplus工具中執行該指令碼。
SQL> @/home/oracle/create_cdb1.sql
Database created.
SQL> -
成功了!下一步我們執行一個指令碼。不過我們在執行下一個指令碼之前,我們需要執行點其他的東西,不然會出現錯誤。
export PERL5LIB=$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin:$PERL5LIB
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/perl/bin:$PATH
cd $ORACLE_HOME/perl/lib/5.22.0/x86_64-linux-thread-multi/Hash
ln -s Util.pm util.pm -
執行完成後,我們現在去執行下面的指令碼
@?/rdbms/admin/catcdb.sql
-
如果遇到讓你輸入引數的時候 ,輸入下面的引數:
Enter value for 1: /home/oracle
Enter value for 2: /home/oracle/cdb.log
Enter new password for SYS: oracle
Enter new password for SYSTEM: oracle
Enter temporary tablespace name: temp -
當最後輸出這些時候代表指令碼執行成功:
catcon: ALL catcon-related output will be written to [/home/oracle/catclust_catcon_39700.lst]
catcon: See [/home/oracle/catclust*.log] files for output generated by scripts
catcon: See [/home/oracle/catclust_.lst] files for spool files, if any
catcon.pl: completed successfully
catcon: ALL catcon-related output will be written to [/home/oracle/catfinal_catcon_40093.lst]
catcon: See [/home/oracle/catfinal.log] files for output generated by scripts
catcon: See [/home/oracle/catfinal_.lst] files for spool files, if any
catcon.pl: completed successfully
catcon: ALL catcon-related output will be written to [/home/oracle/catbundleapply_catcon_40180.lst]
catcon: See [/home/oracle/catbundleapply.log] files for output generated by scripts
catcon: See [/home/oracle/catbundleapply_.lst] files for spool files, if any
catcon.pl: completed successfully
catcon: ALL catcon-related output will be written to [/home/oracle/utlrp_catcon_40266.lst]
catcon: See [/home/oracle/utlrp.log] files for output generated by scripts
catcon: See [/home/oracle/utlrp_*.lst] files for spool files, if any
catcon.pl: completed successfully
第六步:例項的關閉和開啟實驗
```
SQL> show user;
USER is "SYS"
SQL> shutdown immediate;
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 838860800 bytes
Fixed Size 8798312 bytes
Variable Size 343936920 bytes
Database Buffers 478150656 bytes
Redo Buffers 7974912 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SQL> select * from dual;
D
-
X
SQL> set lines 300
SQL> col NAME for a40
SQL> select con_id, dbid, NAME, OPEN_MODE from v$pdbs;
CON_ID DBID NAME OPEN_MODE
---------- ---------- ---------------------------------------- ----------
2 3014806594 PDB$SEED READ ONLY
SQL> show pdbs;
CON_ID CON_NAME OPEN MODE RESTRICTED
---------- ------------------------------ ---------- ----------
2 PDB$SEED READ ONLY NO
SQL>
```
可以看到沒問題,至此手工建立CDB的所有步驟完成了。
二、手工建立PDB
第一步:利用PDB$SEED建立PDB
-
在SQLPLUS中執行以下的SQL語句
CREATE PLUGGABLE DATABASE pdb1 ADMIN USER pdb1admin IDENTIFIED BY oracle
FILE_NAME_CONVERT=(
‘/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdb1/pdbseed/system01.dbf’, ‘/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdb1/pdb1/system01.dbf’,
‘/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdb1/pdbseed/sysaux01.dbf’, ‘/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdb1/pdb1/sysaux01.dbf’,
‘/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdb1/pdbseed/undotbs01.dbf’, ‘/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdb1/pdb1/undotbs01.dbf’,
‘/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdb1/pdbseed/deftbs01.dbf’, ‘/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdb1/pdb1/deftbs01.dbf’,
‘/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdb1/pdbseed/usertbs01.dbf’, ‘/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdb1/pdb1/usertbs01.dbf’,
‘/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdb1/pdbseed/temp01.dbf’, ‘/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdb1/pdb1/temp01.dbf’
)
STORAGE UNLIMITED TEMPFILE REUSE; -
如果你想對新建成的pdb1進行使用空間限制的話,可以寫成以下格式。
CREATE PLUGGABLE DATABASE pdb1 ADMIN USER pdbadmin IDENTIFIED BY oracle
FILE_NAME_CONVERT=(
‘/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdb1/pdbseed/system01.dbf’, ‘/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdb1/pdb1/system01.dbf’,
‘/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdb1/pdbseed/sysaux01.dbf’, ‘/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdb1/pdb1/sysaux01.dbf’,
‘/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdb1/pdbseed/undotbs01.dbf’, ‘/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdb1/pdb1/undotbs01.dbf’,
‘/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdb1/pdbseed/deftbs01.dbf’, ‘/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdb1/pdb1/deftbs01.dbf’,
‘/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdb1/pdbseed/usertbs01.dbf’, ‘/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdb1/pdb1/usertbs01.dbf’,
‘/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdb1/pdbseed/temp01.dbf’, ‘/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdb1/pdb1/temp01.dbf’
)
STORAGE (
MAXSIZE 2G
MAX_SHARED_TEMP_SIZE 200M
)
TEMPFILE REUSE; -
結果:
SQL> show pdbs;
CON_ID CON_NAME OPEN MODE RESTRICTED
---------- ------------------------------ ---------- ----------
2 PDB$SEED READ ONLY NO
3 PDB1 MOUNTED
SQL> alter pluggable database pdb1 open;
Pluggable database altered.
SQL> show pdbs;
CON_ID CON_NAME OPEN MODE RESTRICTED
---------- ------------------------------ ---------- ----------
2 PDB$SEED READ ONLY NO
3 PDB1 READ WRITE NO
SQL>
三、使用已有的PDB去建立新的PDB
- 我們需要注意幾點:
- 使用的使用者必須擁有’CREATE PLUGGABLE DATABASE’的許可權(測試裡使用sys使用者)
- 源PDB不可以是關閉狀態或者是mount狀態的
- 如果CDB為shared undo,PDB必須為READ-ONLY狀態。才能進行相關複製,不然丟失事務。
- 如果CDB不是歸檔模式,那麼PDB必須為READ-ONLY狀態。才能進行相關複製
第一步:建立測試PDB:pdbt
SQL> show con_name;
CON_NAME
------------------------------
CDB$ROOT
SQL> set lines 300
SQL> col NAME for a40
SQL> select con_id,dbid,NAME,OPEN_MODE from v$pdbs;
CON_ID DBID NAME OPEN_MODE
---------- ---------- ---------------------------------------- ----------
2 3014806594 PDB$SEED READ ONLY
3 2518959561 PDB1 READ WRITE
SQL>
CREATE PLUGGABLE DATABASE pdbt ADMIN USER pdbtadmin IDENTIFIED BY oracle
FILE_NAME_CONVERT=(
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdb1/pdbseed/system01.dbf', '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdb1/pdbt/system01.dbf',
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdb1/pdbseed/sysaux01.dbf', '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdb1/pdbt/sysaux01.dbf',
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdb1/pdbseed/undotbs01.dbf', '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdb1/pdbt/undotbs01.dbf',
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdb1/pdbseed/deftbs01.dbf', '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdb1/pdbt/deftbs01.dbf',
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdb1/pdbseed/usertbs01.dbf', '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdb1/pdbt/usertbs01.dbf',
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdb1/pdbseed/temp01.dbf', '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdb1/pdbt/temp01.dbf'
)
STORAGE UNLIMITED TEMPFILE REUSE;
-
嘗試把pdbt以READ ONLY方式開啟:
SQL> ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE PDBt OPEN READ ONLY;
ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE PDBt OPEN READ ONLY
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-65085: cannot open pluggable database in read-only mode- 這裡會報錯,原因是:新的PDB一定要先啟動到READ WRITE模式,因為新的PDB狀態是NEW,而在NEW的這個模式下時,是不能啟動到READ ONLY的,第一次啟動到READ WRITE後,將PDB關掉,下次就能啟動到READ ONLY狀態了。
-
PDB狀態檢查語句:
set lines 500
col pdb_name for a10
col db_name for a10
col db_unique_name for a10
SQL> col db_version_string for a20
//查詢PDB的詳細資訊:
SQL> select pdb_name,pdb_id,pdb_dbid,pdb_guid,OP_TIMESTAMP,operation,db_version,db_name,db_unique_name,db_dbid,db_version_string from dba_pdb_history order by OP_TIMESTAMP;
PDB_NAME PDB_ID PDB_DBID PDB_GUID OP_TIMESTAMP OPERATION DB_VERSION DB_NAME DB_UNIQUE_ DB_DBID DB_VERSION_STRING
---------- ---------- ---------- -------------------------------- ------------------- ---------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- --------------------
PDB1 3 2518959561 B87ED8793A3F9EEBE0538CBEA8C0C689 2021-01-09 15:52:05 CREATE 203424000 CDB1 cdb1 1035107902 12.2.0.1.0
PDBT 4 2174543479 B87F08D83EACA512E0538CBEA8C0D193 2021-01-09 16:05:37 CREATE 203424000 CDB1 cdb1 1035107902 12.2.0.1.0
//查詢PDB的狀態
SQL> select pdb_name, status from cdb_pdbs;
PDB_NAME STATUS
---------- ----------
PDB$SEED NORMAL
PDB1 NORMAL
PDBT NEW
- pdb的status有 NEW、NORMAL、UNPLUGGED、NEEDS UPGRADE、CONVERTING、UNUSABLE 幾種狀態,對這幾種狀態的解釋如下:(文件的最後有英文原版內容)
- NEW -自建立以來,從未開啟過PDB。 必須以READ WRITE模式開啟該檔案,Oracle才能執行將PDB整合到CDB中並將其標記為NORMAL所需的處理。 如果嘗試以只讀方式開啟PDB,將引發錯誤。
- NORMAL -準備使用(准許使用)的PDB。
- UNPLUGGED -PDB已拔出。可以對其執行的唯一操作是DROP PLUGGABLE DATABASE。
- NEEDS UPGRADE -PDB需要升級到已插入的CDB的版本。
- CONVERTING -非CDB已插入CDB,並且正在進行轉換,以使其表現得像真實的PDB。
- UNUSABLE -正在建立PDB或在建立PDB時遇到不可恢復的錯誤。 當狀態設定為“不可用”時,無法開啟PDB。 如果PDB在建立過程中由於遇到錯誤而保持此狀態,則只能將其刪除。 可以檢查告警日誌以確定是否存在錯誤.
第二步:PDB改到READ ONLY狀態
- 首先:啟動PDB到READ WRITE狀態
SQL> ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE PDBt OPEN READ WRITE;
Pluggable database altered.
SQL>
- 關閉:
SQL> ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE PDBt close;
Pluggable database altered.
SQL>
- 然後啟動到READ ONLY狀態
SQL> ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE PDBt OPEN READ ONLY;
Pluggable database altered.
SQL>
第三步:執行PDB的克隆語句
CREATE PLUGGABLE DATABASE pdb2 FROM pdbt
STORAGE UNLIMITED TEMPFILE REUSE
FILE_NAME_CONVERT=(
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdb1/pdbt/system01.dbf', '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdb1/pdb2/system01.dbf',
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdb1/pdbt/sysaux01.dbf', '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdb1/pdb2/sysaux01.dbf',
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdb1/pdbt/undotbs01.dbf', '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdb1/pdb2/undotbs01.dbf',
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdb1/pdbt/deftbs01.dbf', '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdb1/pdb2/deftbs01.dbf',
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdb1/pdbt/usertbs01.dbf', '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdb1/pdb2/usertbs01.dbf',
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdb1/pdbt/temp01.dbf', '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/cdb1/pdb2/temp01.dbf'
)
PARALLEL 2;
四、把已拔出的PDB再插回到CDB中
-
首先關掉PDB
alter pluggable database pdb2 close;
Pluggable database altered.
SQL> alter pluggable database pdb2 unplug into ‘/home/oracle/pdb2.xml’;
Pluggable database altered.
SQL> -
刪除PDB有兩種方式 第一個是保留檔案第二個是不保留檔案
drop pluggable database pdb2 including datafiles; #刪除資料庫和檔案
drop pluggable database pdb2 keep datafiles; #刪除資料庫並儲存檔案
#預設狀態下是保留檔案的。
drop pluggable database pdb2; -
建立PDB
create pluggable database pdb2 using ‘/home/oracle/pdb2.xml’ nocopy;
alter pluggable database pdb2 open read wirte ;
#或
alter pluggable database pdb2 open; -
結果:
SQL> select pdb_name, status from cdb_pdbs;
PDB_NAME STATUS
---------- ----------
PDB$SEED NORMAL
PDB1 NORMAL
PDBT NORMAL
PDB2 NEW
SQL> alter pluggable database pdb2 open;
Pluggable database altered.
SQL> select pdb_name, status from cdb_pdbs;
PDB_NAME STATUS
---------- ----------
PDB$SEED NORMAL
PDB1 NORMAL
PDBT NORMAL
PDB2 NORMAL
SQL>