技術標籤：Djangodjangocss3html5python圖書管理系統

首先，我們建立一個名為bookmanager的專案。命令列如下：

django-admin startproject bookmanager

接著，建立一個名為app01的APP，使用命令如下：

python manage.py startapp app01

然後，修改settings.py檔案如下所示：

"""
Django settings for bookmanager project.

Generated by 'django-admin startproject' using Django 3.1.5.

For more information on this file, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/topics/settings/

For the full list of settings and their values, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/ref/settings/
"""

from pathlib import Path

# Build paths inside the project like this: BASE_DIR / 'subdir'.
BASE_DIR = Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent


# Quick-start development settings - unsuitable for production
# See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/howto/deployment/checklist/

# SECURITY WARNING: keep the secret key used in production secret!
SECRET_KEY = '2a%
 
[email protected](+f3yf)[email protected]_#0+pzur8_)_jsgcru'

# SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production!
DEBUG = True

ALLOWED_HOSTS = []


# Application definition

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'app01.apps.App01Config'            # 加入app01
]

MIDDLEWARE = [
    'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
    # 'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',      # 註釋掉csrf
    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
]

ROOT_URLCONF = 'bookmanager.urls'

TEMPLATES = [
    {
        'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
        'DIRS': [BASE_DIR / 'templates']
        ,
        'APP_DIRS': True,
        'OPTIONS': {
            'context_processors': [
                'django.template.context_processors.debug',
                'django.template.context_processors.request',
                'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
                'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
            ],
        },
    },
]

WSGI_APPLICATION = 'bookmanager.wsgi.application'


# Database
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/ref/settings/#databases

DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
        'NAME': 'bookmanager',
        'HOST': '127.0.0.1',
        'PORT': 3306,
        'USER': 'root',        
        'PASSWORD': '123456'
    }
}


# Password validation
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/ref/settings/#auth-password-validators

AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator',
    },
]


# Internationalization
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/topics/i18n/

LANGUAGE_CODE = 'zh-hans'

TIME_ZONE = 'Asia/Shanghai'

USE_I18N = True

USE_L10N = True

USE_TZ = True


# Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images)
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/howto/static-files/

STATIC_URL = '/static/'
 

當然了，也別忘記在__init__.py檔案中加入下面的程式碼。

import pymysql
pymysql.install_as_MySQLdb()

好了，準備工作做完了。下面開始寫models。

在models.py檔案中新增下面的程式碼。

from django.db import models

# Create your models here.


class Publisher(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=128)     # 出版社名稱

然後遷移資料庫，依舊是下面這兩條命令。

python manage.py makemigrations
>python manage.py migrate
 

向資料庫加入幾條資料，例如：

在views.py檔案中寫API

from django.shortcuts import render
from app01 import models


# Create your views here.


def publisher_list(request):
    obj = models.Publisher.objects.all()  # 獲取所有物件
    return render(request, 'publisher_list.html', {'publisher_list': obj})  # {'publisher_list': obj}是模板，可以傳遞給前端頁面。

然後在urls.py中寫路由

from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path
from app01 import views
urlpatterns = [
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
    path('publisher_list/', views.publisher_list),
]

publisher_list.html檔案內容如下所示：

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>

<table border="1">
    <thead>
        <tr>
            <th>序號</th>
            <th>id</th>
            <th>出版社名稱</th>
        </tr>
    </thead>
    <tbody>
        {% for i in publisher_list %}   <!-- for迴圈來顯示出版社 -->
            <tr>
                <td>{{ forloop.counter }}</td>  <!-- 迴圈計數 -->
                <td>{{ i.id }}</td>     <!-- 取出id -->
                <td>{{ i.name }}</td>   <!-- 取出出版社名字 -->
            </tr>
        {% endfor %}        <!--  結束for迴圈  -->

    </tbody>
</table>
</body>
</html>

寫完這些以後，執行專案。可以得到如下的頁面。