pylint是一個不錯的程式碼靜態檢查工具。將其配置在pycharm中，隨時對程式碼進行分析，確保所有程式碼都符合pep8規範，以便於養成良好的習慣，將來受用無窮。

第一步，配置pylint

- program: python安裝目錄下scripts/pylint.exe

- arguments: --output-format=parseable --disable=R -rn --msg-template="{abspath}:{line}: [{msg_id}({symbol}),{obj}] {msg}" $FilePath$

- working firectory: $FileDir$

第二步，使用pylint

第三步，檢視輸出

補充知識：pylint在pycharm的使用及pylint的配置

pylint作為python程式碼風格檢查工具，接近 PEP8風格，在使用此方法的過程中，發現不僅能讓程式碼更加規範，優雅，更能 發現 隱藏的bug。

pylint在Pycharm中的2種安裝方式；

第一種效果展示（優點：通過點選錯誤點，自動定位到檔案位置，省時）：

安裝步驟在：https://github.com/leinardi/pylint-pycharm 中;

我的設定如下：

使用方法：單檔案 檢查：先點選 某個檔案內容，再點選 綠色開始的箭頭 即可；

還可以 整個專案檢查，只檢查改變的檔案 等等；

第二種安裝使用效果展示（缺點：需要手動的找到錯誤檔案位置，耗時）：

安裝步驟在：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/38134086/how-to-run-pylint-with-pycharm

注意點：

使用方法：檔案 或資料夾 右擊 選擇 External Tools => Pylint 即可

2種安裝方式總結：

a.通過pycharm的pylint檢測 對 忽略檢測檔案的的 功能失效，此功能 必須 通過命令列才可使用

b.建議使用第一種方式 安裝及使用，因為 省時省力

pylint 忽略 資料夾的正確配置及使用操作：

示範 專案結構如圖 （忽略檢查app和 venv 資料夾的所有檔案）：

在配置檔案中 的 [MASTER]的ignore 的 新增 app,venv 或者 在命令列 中 如下：pylint --ignore app,venv project_name 即可（注意多個忽略之間用 逗號 隔開）；

通過命令列（不是pycharm的工具） 執行 指令碼即可；命令為 pylint --rcfile=D:\python3.6\pylint_conf\pylint.conf project_name

pylint 禁用某些功能的方法：

在配置檔案中的 [MESSAGES CONTROL] 的 disable 新增 想禁用的功能；

如：報錯如下;

則 在 disable尾部新增 missing-docstring 即可；

pylint在行級別的程式碼中 禁用某些功能（也就是 不對所有程式碼禁用某個檢測，只對某行程式碼禁用某個檢測）：

教程地址：https://pylint.readthedocs.io/en/latest/user_guide/message-control.html

例項：

在一行程式碼的 後面 添加註釋，便只忽略檢查某一行；

在一個檔案的 單獨一行 使用 則 此行以下 被忽略；

pylint的配置：

注意點：pylint預設的配置 無法 滿足實際的開發需求，需要自行調整；如下程式碼 為 自行調整的結果；

[MASTER]

# A comma-separated list of package or module names from where C extensions may
# be loaded. Extensions are loading into the active Python interpreter and may
# run arbitrary code.
extension-pkg-whitelist=

# Add files or directories to the blacklist. They should be base names,not
# paths. 選擇需要忽略檢查的資料夾（在pycharm中使用pylint工具忽略資料夾無效，只能在命令列中生效:pylint --ignore weixin,lib project_name）
ignore=app,venv,install_file,libs

# Add files or directories matching the regex patterns to the blacklist. The
# regex matches against base names,not paths.
ignore-patterns=

# Python code to execute,usually for sys.path manipulation such as
# pygtk.require().
#init-hook=

# Use multiple processes to speed up Pylint. Specifying 0 will auto-detect the
# number of processors available to use.
jobs=1

# Control the amount of potential inferred values when inferring a single
# object. This can help the performance when dealing with large functions or
# complex,nested conditions.
limit-inference-results=100

# List of plugins (as comma separated values of python modules names) to load,# usually to register additional checkers.
load-plugins=

# Pickle collected data for later comparisons.
persistent=no

# Specify a configuration file.
#rcfile=

# When enabled,pylint would attempt to guess common misconfiguration and emit
# user-friendly hints instead of false-positive error messages.
suggestion-mode=yes

# Allow loading of arbitrary C extensions. Extensions are imported into the
# active Python interpreter and may run arbitrary code.
unsafe-load-any-extension=no

[MESSAGES CONTROL]

# Only show warnings with the listed confidence levels. Leave empty to show
# all. Valid levels: HIGH,INFERENCE,INFERENCE_FAILURE,UNDEFINED.
confidence=

# Disable the message,report,category or checker with the given id(s). You
# can either give multiple identifiers separated by comma (,) or put this
# option multiple times (only on the command line,not in the configuration
# file where it should appear only once). You can also use "--disable=all" to
# disable everything first and then reenable specific checks. For example,if
# you want to run only the similarities checker,you can use "--disable=all
# --enable=similarities". If you want to run only the classes checker,but have
# no Warning level messages displayed,use "--disable=all --enable=classes
# --disable=W". 禁用pylint的某些模組 如 顯示： Missing class docstring (missing-docstring) 則 新增 括號中的 missing-docstring 到變數中
disable=print-statement,parameter-unpacking,unpacking-in-except,old-raise-syntax,backtick,long-suffix,old-ne-operator,old-octal-literal,import-star-module-level,non-ascii-bytes-literal,raw-checker-failed,bad-inline-option,locally-disabled,file-ignored,suppressed-message,useless-suppression,deprecated-pragma,use-symbolic-message-instead,apply-builtin,basestring-builtin,buffer-builtin,cmp-builtin,coerce-builtin,execfile-builtin,file-builtin,long-builtin,raw_input-builtin,reduce-builtin,standarderror-builtin,unicode-builtin,xrange-builtin,coerce-method,delslice-method,getslice-method,setslice-method,no-absolute-import,old-division,dict-iter-method,dict-view-method,next-method-called,metaclass-assignment,indexing-exception,raising-string,reload-builtin,oct-method,hex-method,nonzero-method,cmp-method,input-builtin,round-builtin,intern-builtin,unichr-builtin,map-builtin-not-iterating,zip-builtin-not-iterating,range-builtin-not-iterating,filter-builtin-not-iterating,using-cmp-argument,eq-without-hash,div-method,idiv-method,rdiv-method,exception-message-attribute,invalid-str-codec,sys-max-int,bad-python3-import,deprecated-string-function,deprecated-str-translate-call,deprecated-itertools-function,deprecated-types-field,next-method-defined,dict-items-not-iterating,dict-keys-not-iterating,dict-values-not-iterating,deprecated-operator-function,deprecated-urllib-function,xreadlines-attribute,deprecated-sys-function,exception-escape,comprehension-escape,wrong-import-position,# 去掉 檔案匯入位置,不符合實際需求
  logging-not-lazy,# 去掉 日誌列印相關
  missing-docstring,unnecessary-pass,# 去掉 判斷 空函式 不能加pass的校驗
  redefined-builtin,# 去掉 命名和 python內建函式名或類名衝突 的校驗，如 python的next()函式，則變數不能命名為next
  no-self-use,# 去掉 類中沒有自己呼叫的 檢測
  too-few-public-methods,# 去掉 檢測 類中方法太少 的功能
  no-else-return,# 去掉 if中有return,else中不能有return的 校驗
  no-else-raise,# 去掉 if中有raise,else中不能有raise的 校驗



# Enable the message,category or checker with the given id(s). You can
# either give multiple identifier separated by comma (,) or put this option
# multiple time (only on the command line,not in the configuration file where
# it should appear only once). See also the "--disable" option for examples.
enable=c-extension-no-member

[REPORTS]

# Python expression which should return a note less than 10 (10 is the highest
# note). You have access to the variables errors warning,statement which
# respectively contain the number of errors / warnings messages and the total
# number of statements analyzed. This is used by the global evaluation report
# (RP0004).
evaluation=10.0 - ((float(5 * error + warning + refactor + convention) / statement) * 10)

# Template used to display messages. This is a python new-style format string
# used to format the message information. See doc for all details.
#msg-template=

# Set the output format. Available formats are text,parseable,colorized,json
# and msvs (visual studio). You can also give a reporter class,e.g.
# mypackage.mymodule.MyReporterClass.
output-format=colorized

# Tells whether to display a full report or only the messages.
reports=yes

# Activate the evaluation score.
score=yes

[REFACTORING]

# Maximum number of nested blocks for function / method body;函式或方法的最大巢狀塊數
max-nested-blocks=5

# Complete name of functions that never returns. When checking for
# inconsistent-return-statements if a never returning function is called then
# it will be considered as an explicit return statement and no message will be
# printed.
never-returning-functions=sys.exit

[BASIC]
# 基礎設定
# Naming style matching correct argument names. 引數命名風格
argument-naming-style=snake_case

# Regular expression matching correct argument names. Overrides argument-
# naming-style. 不能有大寫字母
argument-rgx=([^A-Z]+$)

# Naming style matching correct attribute names.屬性命名風格
attr-naming-style=snake_case

# Regular expression matching correct attribute names. Overrides attr-naming-
# style.不能有大寫字母
attr-rgx=([^A-Z]+$)

# Bad variable names which should always be refused,separated by a comma. 應該被拒絕的變數命名 窮舉，用逗號隔開
bad-names=foo,bar,baz,toto,tutu,tata

# Naming style matching correct class attribute names.類屬性命名風格
class-attribute-naming-style=any

# Regular expression matching correct class attribute names. Overrides class-
# attribute-naming-style.
#class-attribute-rgx=

# Naming style matching correct class names.類命名風格
class-naming-style=PascalCase

# Regular expression matching correct class names. Overrides class-naming-
# style.
#class-rgx=

# Naming style matching correct constant names.常量命名風格
const-naming-style=any

# Regular expression matching correct constant names. Overrides const-naming-
# style.
#const-rgx=

# Minimum line length for functions/classes that require docstrings,shorter
# ones are exempt. 函式或類 的文件註釋的最短長度
docstring-min-length=-1

# Naming style matching correct function names. 函式命名風格
function-naming-style=snake_case

# Regular expression matching correct function names. Overrides function-
# naming-style.
#function-rgx=

# Good variable names which should always be accepted,separated by a comma.好的 變數命名 窮舉，用逗號隔開
good-names=i,j,k,ex,Run,_

# Include a hint for the correct naming format with invalid-name.
include-naming-hint=no

# Naming style matching correct inline iteration names.
inlinevar-naming-style=any

# Regular expression matching correct inline iteration names. Overrides
# inlinevar-naming-style.
#inlinevar-rgx=

# Naming style matching correct method names.
method-naming-style=snake_case

# Regular expression matching correct method names. Overrides method-naming-
# style.
#method-rgx=

# Naming style matching correct module names.
module-naming-style=snake_case

# Regular expression matching correct module names. Overrides module-naming-
# style.
#module-rgx=

# Colon-delimited sets of names that determine each other's naming style when
# the name regexes allow several styles.
name-group=

# Regular expression which should only match function or class names that do
# not require a docstring. 不需要文件註釋的函式或類 的 匹配的正則；如下為 匹配除了以_開頭 的 其他函式或類
no-docstring-rgx=^_

# List of decorators that produce properties,such as abc.abstractproperty. Add
# to this list to register other decorators that produce valid properties.
# These decorators are taken in consideration only for invalid-name. 不理解
property-classes=abc.abstractproperty

# Naming style matching correct variable names. 變數命名風格
variable-naming-style=snake_case

# Regular expression matching correct variable names. Overrides variable-
# naming-style. 變數命名風格 正則匹配 覆蓋上面的 本規則：不能有大寫字母
variable-rgx=([^A-Z]+$)

[FORMAT]
# 格式的設定
# Expected format of line ending,e.g. empty (空字元),LF(換行) or CRLF(回車並換行). 行結束的預期格式;
expected-line-ending-format=

# Regexp for a line that is allowed to be longer than the limit. 執行超過行長度的 符合正則的 字元；如下為：註釋的http或https請求
ignore-long-lines=^\s*(# )?<?https?://\S+>?$

# Number of spaces of indent required inside a hanging or continued line. 行縮排數
indent-after-paren=4

# String used as indentation unit. This is usually " " (4 spaces) or "\t" (1
# tab). 字串縮排
indent-string=' '

# Maximum number of characters on a single line. 最大行字元長度
max-line-length=125

# Maximum number of lines in a module. 一個檔案最大行數
max-module-lines=1000

# List of optional constructs for which whitespace checking is disabled. `dict-
# separator` is used to allow tabulation in dicts,etc.: {1 : 1,\n222: 2}.
# `trailing-comma` allows a space between comma and closing bracket: (a,).
# `empty-line` allows space-only lines. 沒有空格的檢查
no-space-check=trailing-comma,dict-separator

# Allow the body of a class to be on the same line as the declaration if body
# contains single statement. 允許類的主體與宣告在同一行
single-line-class-stmt=no

# Allow the body of an if to be on the same line as the test if there is no
# else. 不理解
single-line-if-stmt=no

[LOGGING]

# Format style used to check logging format string. `old` means using %
# formatting,while `new` is for `{}` formatting. 日誌程式碼風格 old:'%s' % ('日誌內容'); new: '{}'.format('日誌內容')
# 此方法 目前不支援 new的方式，禁用可在 disable 中 新增 logging-format-interpolation
logging-format-style=new

# Logging modules to check that the string format arguments are in logging
# function parameter format.
logging-modules=logging

[MISCELLANEOUS]

# List of note tags to take in consideration,separated by a comma.註釋標籤列表
notes=FIXME,XXX,TODO

[SIMILARITIES]
# 相似性
# Ignore comments when computing similarities.
ignore-comments=yes

# Ignore docstrings when computing similarities.
ignore-docstrings=yes

# Ignore imports when computing similarities.
ignore-imports=no

# Minimum lines number of a similarity.
min-similarity-lines=4

[SPELLING]

# Limits count of emitted suggestions for spelling mistakes.不理解
max-spelling-suggestions=4

# Spelling dictionary name. Available dictionaries: none. To make it working
# install python-enchant package.. 拼寫詞典名字
spelling-dict=

# List of comma separated words that should not be checked.拼寫忽略的單詞
spelling-ignore-words=

# A path to a file that contains private dictionary; one word per line.
spelling-private-dict-file=

# Tells whether to store unknown words to indicated private dictionary in
# --spelling-private-dict-file option instead of raising a message.
spelling-store-unknown-words=no

[STRING]

# This flag controls whether the implicit-str-concat-in-sequence should
# generate a warning on implicit string concatenation in sequences defined over
# several lines.不理解
check-str-concat-over-line-jumps=no

[TYPECHECK]

# List of decorators that produce context managers,such as
# contextlib.contextmanager. Add to this list to register other decorators that
# produce valid context managers.
contextmanager-decorators=contextlib.contextmanager

# List of members which are set dynamically and missed by pylint inference
# system,and so shouldn't trigger E1101 when accessed. Python regular
# expressions are accepted.
generated-members=

# Tells whether missing members accessed in mixin class should be ignored. A
# mixin class is detected if its name ends with "mixin" (case insensitive).
ignore-mixin-members=yes

# Tells whether to warn about missing members when the owner of the attribute
# is inferred to be None.
ignore-none=yes

# This flag controls whether pylint should warn about no-member and similar
# checks whenever an opaque object is returned when inferring. The inference
# can return multiple potential results while evaluating a Python object,but
# some branches might not be evaluated,which results in partial inference. In
# that case,it might be useful to still emit no-member and other checks for
# the rest of the inferred objects.
ignore-on-opaque-inference=yes

# List of class names for which member attributes should not be checked (useful
# for classes with dynamically set attributes). This supports the use of
# qualified names.
ignored-classes=optparse.Values,thread._local,_thread._local

# List of module names for which member attributes should not be checked
# (useful for modules/projects where namespaces are manipulated during runtime
# and thus existing member attributes cannot be deduced by static analysis. It
# supports qualified module names,as well as Unix pattern matching.
ignored-modules=

# Show a hint with possible names when a member name was not found. The aspect
# of finding the hint is based on edit distance.
missing-member-hint=yes

# The minimum edit distance a name should have in order to be considered a
# similar match for a missing member name.
missing-member-hint-distance=1

# The total number of similar names that should be taken in consideration when
# showing a hint for a missing member.
missing-member-max-choices=1

[VARIABLES]

# List of additional names supposed to be defined in builtins. Remember that
# you should avoid defining new builtins when possible.
additional-builtins=

# Tells whether unused global variables should be treated as a violation.
allow-global-unused-variables=yes

# List of strings which can identify a callback function by name. A callback
# name must start or end with one of those strings.
callbacks=cb_,_cb

# A regular expression matching the name of dummy variables (i.e. expected to
# not be used).
dummy-variables-rgx=_+$|(_[a-zA-Z0-9_]*[a-zA-Z0-9]+?$)|dummy|^ignored_|^unused_

# Argument names that match this expression will be ignored. Default to name
# with leading underscore.
ignored-argument-names=_.*|^ignored_|^unused_

# Tells whether we should check for unused import in __init__ files.對於__init__檔案的 匯入不用檢查是否被使用
init-import=no

# List of qualified module names which can have objects that can redefine
# builtins.
redefining-builtins-modules=six.moves,past.builtins,future.builtins,builtins,io

[CLASSES]

# List of method names used to declare (i.e. assign) instance attributes.
defining-attr-methods=__init__,__new__,setUp

# List of member names,which should be excluded from the protected access
# warning.
exclude-protected=_asdict,_fields,_replace,_source,_make

# List of valid names for the first argument in a class method.
valid-classmethod-first-arg=cls

# List of valid names for the first argument in a metaclass class method.
valid-metaclass-classmethod-first-arg=cls

[DESIGN]

# Maximum number of arguments for function / method.一個函式或方法的最大引數個數
max-args=8

# Maximum number of attributes for a class (see R0902).一個類最多的屬性個數
max-attributes=15

# Maximum number of boolean expressions in an if statement.if語句中的最大布爾表示式個數
max-bool-expr=5

# Maximum number of branch for function / method body.一個函式或方法最大的分支個數（if else 個數）
max-branches=15

# Maximum number of locals for function / method body. 最大區域性變數個數
max-locals=30

# Maximum number of parents for a class (see R0901).類的最大父類個數
max-parents=7

# Maximum number of public methods for a class (see R0904).類中公共方法個數
max-public-methods=50

# Maximum number of return / yield for function / method body.一個函式最大return個數
max-returns=10

# Maximum number of statements in function / method body.
max-statements=100

# Minimum number of public methods for a class (see R0903).
min-public-methods=2

[IMPORTS]

# Allow wildcard imports from modules that define __all__.
allow-wildcard-with-all=no

# Analyse import fallback blocks. This can be used to support both Python 2 and
# 3 compatible code,which means that the block might have code that exists
# only in one or another interpreter,leading to false positives when analysed.
analyse-fallback-blocks=no

# Deprecated modules which should not be used,separated by a comma.不該被使用的廢棄模組
deprecated-modules=optparse,tkinter.tix

# Create a graph of external dependencies in the given file (report RP0402 must
# not be disabled).
ext-import-graph=

# Create a graph of every (i.e. internal and external) dependencies in the
# given file (report RP0402 must not be disabled).
import-graph=

# Create a graph of internal dependencies in the given file (report RP0402 must
# not be disabled).
int-import-graph=

# Force import order to recognize a module as part of the standard
# compatibility libraries.
known-standard-library=

# Force import order to recognize a module as part of a third party library.
known-third-party=enchant


[EXCEPTIONS]

# Exceptions that will emit a warning when being caught. Defaults to
# "BaseException,Exception". 捕獲的異常包含 Exception,BaseException會被 警告顯示，這裡 去掉了 Exception(因為程式碼裡基本都是這種異常)
overgeneral-exceptions=BaseException,# 其他註釋
#報錯 詳解 http://pylint.pycqa.org/en/latest/technical_reference/features.html
# inconsistent-return-statements 當函式中 if 有return else 沒有resturn

以上這篇使用pycharm和pylint檢查python程式碼規範操作就是小編分享給大家的全部內容了，希望能給大家一個參考，也希望大家多多支援我們。