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部署一套完整的Kubernetes高可用叢集(上)

目錄[-]

一、前置知識點

1.1 生產環境可部署Kubernetes叢集的兩種方式

目前生產部署Kubernetes叢集主要有兩種方式:

  • kubeadm

Kubeadm是一個K8s部署工具,提供kubeadm init和kubeadm join,用於快速部署Kubernetes叢集。

官方地址:https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/kubeadm/

  • 二進位制包

從github下載發行版的二進位制包,手動部署每個元件,組成Kubernetes叢集。

Kubeadm降低部署門檻,但遮蔽了很多細節,遇到問題很難排查。如果想更容易可控,推薦使用二進位制包部署Kubernetes叢集,雖然手動部署麻煩點,期間可以學習很多工作原理,也利於後期維護。

1.2 安裝要求

在開始之前,部署Kubernetes叢集機器需要滿足以下幾個條件:

  • 一臺或多臺機器,作業系統 CentOS7.x-86_x64

  • 硬體配置:2GB或更多RAM,2個CPU或更多CPU,硬碟30GB或更多

  • 叢集中所有機器之間網路互通

  • 可以訪問外網,需要拉取映象,如果伺服器不能上網,需要提前下載映象並匯入節點

  • 禁止swap分割槽

1.3 準備環境

軟體環境:

軟體版本
作業系統 CentOS7.8_x64 (mini)
Docker 19-ce
Kubernetes 1.18

伺服器整體規劃:

角色IP元件
k8s-master1 192.168.31.71 kube-apiserver,kube-controller-manager,kube-scheduler,etcd
k8s-master2 192.168.31.74 kube-apiserver,kube-controller-manager,kube-scheduler
k8s-node1 192.168.31.72 kubelet,kube-proxy,docker etcd
k8s-node2 192.168.31.73 kubelet,kube-proxy,docker,etcd
Load Balancer(Master) 192.168.31.81 ,192.168.31.88 (VIP) Nginx L4
Load Balancer(Backup) 192.168.31. 82 Nginx L4

須知:考慮到有些朋友電腦配置較低,這麼多虛擬機器跑不動,所以這一套高可用叢集分兩部分實施,先部署一套單Master架構(192.168.31.71/72/73),再擴容為多Master架構(上述規劃),順便熟悉下Master擴容流程。

單Master架構圖:

單Master伺服器規劃:

角色IP元件
k8s-master 192.168.31.71 kube-apiserver,kube-controller-manager,kube-scheduler,etcd
k8s-node1 192.168.31.72 kubelet,kube-proxy,docker etcd
k8s-node2 192.168.31.73 kubelet,kube-proxy,docker,etcd

1.4 作業系統初始化配置

# 關閉防火牆
systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl disable firewalld

# 關閉selinux
sed -i 's/enforcing/disabled/' /etc/selinux/config # 永久
setenforce 0 # 臨時

# 關閉swap
swapoff -a # 臨時
sed -ri 's/.*swap.*/#&/' /etc/fstab # 永久

# 根據規劃設定主機名
hostnamectl set-hostname <hostname>

# 在master新增hosts
cat >> /etc/hosts << EOF
192.168.31.71 k8s-master
192.168.31.72 k8s-node1
192.168.31.73 k8s-node2
EOF

# 將橋接的IPv4流量傳遞到iptables的鏈
cat > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf << EOF
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
EOF
sysctl --system # 生效

# 時間同步
yum install ntpdate -y
ntpdate time.windows.com

二、部署Etcd叢集

Etcd 是一個分散式鍵值儲存系統,Kubernetes使用Etcd進行資料儲存,所以先準備一個Etcd資料庫,為解決Etcd單點故障,應採用叢集方式部署,這裡使用3臺組建叢集,可容忍1臺機器故障,當然,你也可以使用5臺組建叢集,可容忍2臺機器故障。

節點名稱IP
etcd-1 192.168.31.71
etcd-2 192.168.31.72
etcd-3 192.168.31.73

注:為了節省機器,這裡與K8s節點機器複用。也可以獨立於k8s叢集之外部署,只要apiserver能連線到就行。

2.1 準備cfssl證書生成工具

cfssl是一個開源的證書管理工具,使用json檔案生成證書,相比openssl更方便使用。

找任意一臺伺服器操作,這裡用Master節點。

wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl_linux-amd64
wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssljson_linux-amd64
wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64
chmod +x cfssl_linux-amd64 cfssljson_linux-amd64 cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64
mv cfssl_linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/cfssl
mv cfssljson_linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/cfssljson
mv cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64 /usr/bin/cfssl-certinfo

2.2 生成Etcd證書

1. 自簽證書頒發機構(CA)

建立工作目錄:

mkdir -p ~/TLS/{etcd,k8s}

cd TLS/etcd

自籤CA:

cat > ca-config.json << EOF
{
"signing": {
"default": {
"expiry": "87600h"
},
"profiles": {
"www": {
"expiry": "87600h",
"usages": [
"signing",
"key encipherment",
"server auth",
"client auth"
]
}
}
}
}
EOF

cat > ca-csr.json << EOF
{
"CN": "etcd CA",
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"L": "Beijing",
"ST": "Beijing"
}
]
}
EOF

生成證書:

cfssl gencert -initca ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare ca -

ls *pem
ca-key.pem ca.pem

2. 使用自籤CA簽發Etcd HTTPS證書

建立證書申請檔案:

cat > server-csr.json << EOF
{
"CN": "etcd",
"hosts": [
"192.168.31.71",
"192.168.31.72",
"192.168.31.73"
],
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"L": "BeiJing",
"ST": "BeiJing"
}
]
}
EOF

注:上述檔案hosts欄位中IP為所有etcd節點的叢集內部通訊IP,一個都不能少!為了方便後期擴容可以多寫幾個預留的IP。

生成證書:

cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=www server-csr.json | cfssljson -bare server

ls server*pem
server-key.pem server.pem

2.3 從Github下載二進位制檔案

下載地址:https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd/releases/download/v3.4.9/etcd-v3.4.9-linux-amd64.tar.gz

2.4 部署Etcd叢集

以下在節點1上操作,為簡化操作,待會將節點1生成的所有檔案拷貝到節點2和節點3.

1. 建立工作目錄並解壓二進位制包

mkdir /opt/etcd/{bin,cfg,ssl} -p
tar zxvf etcd-v3.4.9-linux-amd64.tar.gz
mv etcd-v3.4.9-linux-amd64/{etcd,etcdctl} /opt/etcd/bin/

2. 建立etcd配置檔案

cat > /opt/etcd/cfg/etcd.conf << EOF
#[Member]
ETCD_NAME="etcd-1"
ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd"
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.31.71:2380"
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.31.71:2379"
#[Clustering]
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.31.71:2380"
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.31.71:2379"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd-1=https://192.168.31.71:2380,etcd-2=https://192.168.31.72:2380,etcd-3=https://192.168.31.73:2380"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new"
EOF
  • ETCD_NAME:節點名稱,叢集中唯一

  • ETCD_DATA_DIR:資料目錄

  • ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS:叢集通訊監聽地址

  • ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS:客戶端訪問監聽地址

  • ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS:叢集通告地址

  • ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS:客戶端通告地址

  • ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER:叢集節點地址

  • ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN:叢集Token

  • ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE:加入叢集的當前狀態,new是新叢集,existing表示加入已有叢集

3. systemd管理etcd

cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Etcd Server
After=network.target
After=network-online.target
Wants=network-online.target
[Service]
Type=notify
EnvironmentFile=/opt/etcd/cfg/etcd.conf
ExecStart=/opt/etcd/bin/etcd \
--cert-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem \
--key-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem \
--peer-cert-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem \
--peer-key-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem \
--trusted-ca-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \
--peer-trusted-ca-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \
--logger=zap
Restart=on-failure
LimitNOFILE=65536
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

4. 拷貝剛才生成的證書

把剛才生成的證書拷貝到配置檔案中的路徑:

cp ~/TLS/etcd/ca*pem ~/TLS/etcd/server*pem /opt/etcd/ssl/

5. 啟動並設定開機啟動

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start etcd
systemctl enable etcd

6. 將上面節點1所有生成的檔案拷貝到節點2和節點3

scp -r /opt/etcd/ [email protected]:/opt/
scp /usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service [email protected]:/usr/lib/systemd/system/
scp -r /opt/etcd/ [email protected]:/opt/
scp /usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service [email protected]:/usr/lib/systemd/system/

然後在節點2和節點3分別修改etcd.conf配置檔案中的節點名稱和當前伺服器IP:

vi /opt/etcd/cfg/etcd.conf
#[Member]
ETCD_NAME="etcd-1" # 修改此處,節點2改為etcd-2,節點3改為etcd-3
ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd"
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.31.71:2380" # 修改此處為當前伺服器IP
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.31.71:2379" # 修改此處為當前伺服器IP

#[Clustering]
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.31.71:2380" # 修改此處為當前伺服器IP
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.31.71:2379" # 修改此處為當前伺服器IP
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd-1=https://192.168.31.71:2380,etcd-2=https://192.168.31.72:2380,etcd-3=https://192.168.31.73:2380"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new"

最後啟動etcd並設定開機啟動,同上。

7. 檢視叢集狀態

ETCDCTL_API=3 /opt/etcd/bin/etcdctl --cacert=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem --cert=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem --key=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem --endpoints="https://192.168.31.71:2379,https://192.168.31.72:2379,https://192.168.31.73:2379" endpoint health

https://192.168.31.71:2379 is healthy: successfully committed proposal: took = 8.154404ms
https://192.168.31.73:2379 is healthy: successfully committed proposal: took = 9.044117ms
https://192.168.31.72:2379 is healthy: successfully committed proposal: took = 10.000825ms

如果輸出上面資訊,就說明叢集部署成功。如果有問題第一步先看日誌:/var/log/message 或 journalctl -u etcd

三、安裝Docker

下載地址:https://download.docker.com/linux/static/stable/x86_64/docker-19.03.9.tgz

以下在所有節點操作。這裡採用二進位制安裝,用yum安裝也一樣。

3.1 解壓二進位制包

tar zxvf docker-19.03.9.tgz
mv docker/* /usr/bin

3.2 systemd管理docker

cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Docker Application Container Engine
Documentation=https://docs.docker.com
After=network-online.target firewalld.service
Wants=network-online.target
[Service]
Type=notify
ExecStart=/usr/bin/dockerd
ExecReload=/bin/kill -s HUP $MAINPID
LimitNOFILE=infinity
LimitNPROC=infinity
LimitCORE=infinity
TimeoutStartSec=0
Delegate=yes
KillMode=process
Restart=on-failure
StartLimitBurst=3
StartLimitInterval=60s
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

3.3 建立配置檔案

mkdir /etc/docker
cat > /etc/docker/daemon.json << EOF
{
"registry-mirrors": ["https://b9pmyelo.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
}
EOF
  • registry-mirrors 阿里雲映象加速器

3.4 啟動並設定開機啟動

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start docker
systemctl enable docker

四、部署Master Node

如果你在學習中遇到問題或者文件有誤可聯絡阿良~ 微信: init1024

4.1 生成kube-apiserver證書

1. 自簽證書頒發機構(CA)

cat > ca-config.json << EOF
{
"signing": {
"default": {
"expiry": "87600h"
},
"profiles": {
"kubernetes": {
"expiry": "87600h",
"usages": [
"signing",
"key encipherment",
"server auth",
"client auth"
]
}
}
}
}
EOF
cat > ca-csr.json << EOF
{
"CN": "kubernetes",
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"L": "Beijing",
"ST": "Beijing",
"O": "k8s",
"OU": "System"
}
]
}
EOF

生成證書:

cfssl gencert -initca ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare ca -

ls *pem
ca-key.pem ca.pem

2. 使用自籤CA簽發kube-apiserver HTTPS證書

建立證書申請檔案:

cd TLS/k8s
cat > server-csr.json << EOF
{
"CN": "kubernetes",
"hosts": [
"10.0.0.1",
"127.0.0.1",
"192.168.31.71",
"192.168.31.72",
"192.168.31.73",
"192.168.31.74",
"192.168.31.81",
"192.168.31.82",
"192.168.31.88",
"kubernetes",
"kubernetes.default",
"kubernetes.default.svc",
"kubernetes.default.svc.cluster",
"kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local"
],
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"L": "BeiJing",
"ST": "BeiJing",
"O": "k8s",
"OU": "System"
}
]
}
EOF

注:上述檔案hosts欄位中IP為所有Master/LB/VIP IP,一個都不能少!為了方便後期擴容可以多寫幾個預留的IP。

生成證書:

cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes server-csr.json | cfssljson -bare server

ls server*pem
server-key.pem server.pem

4.2 從Github下載二進位制檔案

下載地址:https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/master/CHANGELOG/CHANGELOG-1.18.md#v1183

注:開啟連結你會發現裡面有很多包,下載一個server包就夠了,包含了Master和Worker Node二進位制檔案。

4.3 解壓二進位制包

mkdir -p /opt/kubernetes/{bin,cfg,ssl,logs} 
tar zxvf kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz
cd kubernetes/server/bin
cp kube-apiserver kube-scheduler kube-controller-manager /opt/kubernetes/bin
cp kubectl /usr/bin/

4.4 部署kube-apiserver

1. 建立配置檔案

cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-apiserver.conf << EOF
KUBE_APISERVER_OPTS="--logtostderr=false \\
--v=2 \\
--log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/logs \\
--etcd-servers=https://192.168.31.71:2379,https://192.168.31.72:2379,https://192.168.31.73:2379 \\
--bind-address=192.168.31.71 \\
--secure-port=6443 \\
--advertise-address=192.168.31.71 \\
--allow-privileged=true \\
--service-cluster-ip-range=10.0.0.0/24 \\
--enable-admission-plugins=NamespaceLifecycle,LimitRanger,ServiceAccount,ResourceQuota,NodeRestriction \\
--authorization-mode=RBAC,Node \\
--enable-bootstrap-token-auth=true \\
--token-auth-file=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/token.csv \\
--service-node-port-range=30000-32767 \\
--kubelet-client-certificate=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server.pem \\
--kubelet-client-key=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server-key.pem \\
--tls-cert-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server.pem \\
--tls-private-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server-key.pem \\
--client-ca-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \\
--service-account-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \\
--etcd-cafile=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \\
--etcd-certfile=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem \\
--etcd-keyfile=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem \\
--audit-log-maxage=30 \\
--audit-log-maxbackup=3 \\
--audit-log-maxsize=100 \\
--audit-log-path=/opt/kubernetes/logs/k8s-audit.log"
EOF

注:上面兩個\ \ 第一個是轉義符,第二個是換行符,使用轉義符是為了使用EOF保留換行符。

  • –logtostderr:啟用日誌

  • —v:日誌等級

  • –log-dir:日誌目錄

  • –etcd-servers:etcd叢集地址

  • –bind-address:監聽地址

  • –secure-port:https安全埠

  • –advertise-address:叢集通告地址

  • –allow-privileged:啟用授權

  • –service-cluster-ip-range:Service虛擬IP地址段

  • –enable-admission-plugins:准入控制模組

  • –authorization-mode:認證授權,啟用RBAC授權和節點自管理

  • –enable-bootstrap-token-auth:啟用TLS bootstrap機制

  • –token-auth-file:bootstrap token檔案

  • –service-node-port-range:Service nodeport型別預設分配埠範圍

  • –kubelet-client-xxx:apiserver訪問kubelet客戶端證書

  • –tls-xxx-file:apiserver https證書

  • –etcd-xxxfile:連線Etcd叢集證書

  • –audit-log-xxx:審計日誌

2. 拷貝剛才生成的證書

把剛才生成的證書拷貝到配置檔案中的路徑:

cp ~/TLS/k8s/ca*pem ~/TLS/k8s/server*pem /opt/kubernetes/ssl/

3. 啟用 TLS Bootstrapping 機制

TLS Bootstraping:Master apiserver啟用TLS認證後,Node節點kubelet和kube-proxy要與kube-apiserver進行通訊,必須使用CA簽發的有效證書才可以,當Node節點很多時,這種客戶端證書頒發需要大量工作,同樣也會增加叢集擴充套件複雜度。為了簡化流程,Kubernetes引入了TLS bootstraping機制來自動頒發客戶端證書,kubelet會以一個低許可權使用者自動向apiserver申請證書,kubelet的證書由apiserver動態簽署。所以強烈建議在Node上使用這種方式,目前主要用於kubelet,kube-proxy還是由我們統一頒發一個證書。

TLS bootstraping 工作流程:

建立上述配置檔案中token檔案:

cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/token.csv << EOF
c47ffb939f5ca36231d9e3121a252940,kubelet-bootstrap,10001,"system:node-bootstrapper"
EOF

格式:token,使用者名稱,UID,使用者組

token也可自行生成替換:

head -c 16 /dev/urandom | od -An -t x | tr -d ' '

4. systemd管理apiserver

cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-apiserver.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes API Server
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-apiserver.conf
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-apiserver \$KUBE_APISERVER_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

5. 啟動並設定開機啟動

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start kube-apiserver
systemctl enable kube-apiserver

6. 授權kubelet-bootstrap使用者允許請求證書

kubectl create clusterrolebinding kubelet-bootstrap \
--clusterrole=system:node-bootstrapper \
--user=kubelet-bootstrap

4.5 部署kube-controller-manager

1. 建立配置檔案

cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-controller-manager.conf << EOF
KUBE_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_OPTS="--logtostderr=false \\
--v=2 \\
--log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/logs \\
--leader-elect=true \\
--master=127.0.0.1:8080 \\
--bind-address=127.0.0.1 \\
--allocate-node-cidrs=true \\
--cluster-cidr=10.244.0.0/16 \\
--service-cluster-ip-range=10.0.0.0/24 \\
--cluster-signing-cert-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \\
--cluster-signing-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \\
--root-ca-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \\
--service-account-private-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \\
--experimental-cluster-signing-duration=87600h0m0s"
EOF
  • –master:通過本地非安全本地埠8080連線apiserver。

  • –leader-elect:當該元件啟動多個時,自動選舉(HA)

  • –cluster-signing-cert-file/–cluster-signing-key-file:自動為kubelet頒發證書的CA,與apiserver保持一致

2. systemd管理controller-manager

cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-controller-manager.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Controller Manager
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-controller-manager.conf
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-controller-manager \$KUBE_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

3. 啟動並設定開機啟動

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start kube-controller-manager
systemctl enable kube-controller-manager

4.6 部署kube-scheduler

1. 建立配置檔案

cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-scheduler.conf << EOF
KUBE_SCHEDULER_OPTS="--logtostderr=false \
--v=2 \
--log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/logs \
--leader-elect \
--master=127.0.0.1:8080 \
--bind-address=127.0.0.1"
EOF
  • –master:通過本地非安全本地埠8080連線apiserver。

  • –leader-elect:當該元件啟動多個時,自動選舉(HA)

2. systemd管理scheduler

cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-scheduler.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Scheduler
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-scheduler.conf
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-scheduler \$KUBE_SCHEDULER_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

3. 啟動並設定開機啟動

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start kube-scheduler
systemctl enable kube-scheduler

4. 檢視叢集狀態

所有元件都已經啟動成功,通過kubectl工具檢視當前叢集元件狀態:

kubectl get cs
NAME STATUS MESSAGE ERROR
scheduler Healthy ok
controller-manager Healthy ok
etcd-2 Healthy {"health":"true"}
etcd-1 Healthy {"health":"true"}
etcd-0 Healthy {"health":"true"}

如上輸出說明Master節點元件執行正常。

五、部署Worker Node

如果你在學習中遇到問題或者文件有誤可聯絡阿良~ 微信: init1024

下面還是在Master Node上操作,即同時作為Worker Node

5.1 建立工作目錄並拷貝二進位制檔案

在所有worker node建立工作目錄:

mkdir -p /opt/kubernetes/{bin,cfg,ssl,logs} 

從master節點拷貝:

cd kubernetes/server/bin
cp kubelet kube-proxy /opt/kubernetes/bin # 本地拷貝

5.2 部署kubelet

1. 建立配置檔案

cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.conf << EOF
KUBELET_OPTS="--logtostderr=false \\
--v=2 \\
--log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/logs \\
--hostname-override=k8s-master \\
--network-plugin=cni \\
--kubeconfig=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.kubeconfig \\
--bootstrap-kubeconfig=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/bootstrap.kubeconfig \\
--config=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet-config.yml \\
--cert-dir=/opt/kubernetes/ssl \\
--pod-infra-container-image=lizhenliang/pause-amd64:3.0"
EOF
  • –hostname-override:顯示名稱,叢集中唯一

  • –network-plugin:啟用CNI

  • –kubeconfig:空路徑,會自動生成,後面用於連線apiserver

  • –bootstrap-kubeconfig:首次啟動向apiserver申請證書

  • –config:配置引數檔案

  • –cert-dir:kubelet證書生成目錄

  • –pod-infra-container-image:管理Pod網路容器的映象

2. 配置引數檔案

cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet-config.yml << EOF
kind: KubeletConfiguration
apiVersion: kubelet.config.k8s.io/v1beta1
address: 0.0.0.0
port: 10250
readOnlyPort: 10255
cgroupDriver: cgroupfs
clusterDNS:
- 10.0.0.2
clusterDomain: cluster.local
failSwapOn: false
authentication:
anonymous:
enabled: false
webhook:
cacheTTL: 2m0s
enabled: true
x509:
clientCAFile: /opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem
authorization:
mode: Webhook
webhook:
cacheAuthorizedTTL: 5m0s
cacheUnauthorizedTTL: 30s
evictionHard:
imagefs.available: 15%
memory.available: 100Mi
nodefs.available: 10%
nodefs.inodesFree: 5%
maxOpenFiles: 1000000
maxPods: 110
EOF

3. 生成bootstrap.kubeconfig檔案

KUBE_APISERVER="https://192.168.31.71:6443" # apiserver IP:PORT
TOKEN="c47ffb939f5ca36231d9e3121a252940" # 與token.csv裡保持一致

# 生成 kubelet bootstrap kubeconfig 配置檔案
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
--certificate-authority=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
--embed-certs=true \
--server=${KUBE_APISERVER} \
--kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig
kubectl config set-credentials "kubelet-bootstrap" \
--token=${TOKEN} \
--kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig
kubectl config set-context default \
--cluster=kubernetes \
--user="kubelet-bootstrap" \
--kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig
kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig

拷貝到配置檔案路徑:

cp bootstrap.kubeconfig /opt/kubernetes/cfg

4. systemd管理kubelet

cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kubelet.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Kubelet
After=docker.service
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.conf
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kubelet \$KUBELET_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
LimitNOFILE=65536
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

5. 啟動並設定開機啟動

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start kubelet
systemctl enable kubelet

5.3 批准kubelet證書申請並加入叢集

# 檢視kubelet證書請求
kubectl get csr
NAME AGE SIGNERNAME REQUESTOR CONDITION
node-csr-uCEGPOIiDdlLODKts8J658HrFq9CZ--K6M4G7bjhk8A 6m3s kubernetes.io/kube-apiserver-client-kubelet kubelet-bootstrap Pending

# 批准申請
kubectl certificate approve node-csr-uCEGPOIiDdlLODKts8J658HrFq9CZ--K6M4G7bjhk8A

# 檢視節點
kubectl get node
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
k8s-master NotReady <none> 7s v1.18.3

注:由於網路外掛還沒有部署,節點會沒有準備就緒 NotReady

5.4 部署kube-proxy

1. 建立配置檔案

cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy.conf << EOF
KUBE_PROXY_OPTS="--logtostderr=false \\
--v=2 \\
--log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/logs \\
--config=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy-config.yml"
EOF

2. 配置引數檔案

cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy-config.yml << EOF
kind: KubeProxyConfiguration
apiVersion: kubeproxy.config.k8s.io/v1alpha1
bindAddress: 0.0.0.0
metricsBindAddress: 0.0.0.0:10249
clientConnection:
kubeconfig: /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy.kubeconfig
hostnameOverride: k8s-master
clusterCIDR: 10.0.0.0/24
EOF

3. 生成kube-proxy.kubeconfig檔案

生成kube-proxy證書:

# 切換工作目錄
cd TLS/k8s

# 建立證書請求檔案
cat > kube-proxy-csr.json << EOF
{
"CN": "system:kube-proxy",
"hosts": [],
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"L": "BeiJing",
"ST": "BeiJing",
"O": "k8s",
"OU": "System"
}
]
}
EOF

# 生成證書
cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes kube-proxy-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-proxy

ls kube-proxy*pem
kube-proxy-key.pem kube-proxy.pem

生成kubeconfig檔案:

KUBE_APISERVER="https://192.168.31.71:6443"

kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
--certificate-authority=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
--embed-certs=true \
--server=${KUBE_APISERVER} \
--kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
kubectl config set-credentials kube-proxy \
--client-certificate=./kube-proxy.pem \
--client-key=./kube-proxy-key.pem \
--embed-certs=true \
--kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
kubectl config set-context default \
--cluster=kubernetes \
--user=kube-proxy \
--kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig

拷貝到配置檔案指定路徑:

cp kube-proxy.kubeconfig /opt/kubernetes/cfg/

4. systemd管理kube-proxy

cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-proxy.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Proxy
After=network.target
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy.conf
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-proxy \$KUBE_PROXY_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
LimitNOFILE=65536
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

5. 啟動並設定開機啟動

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start kube-proxy
systemctl enable kube-proxy

5.5 部署CNI網路

先準備好CNI二進位制檔案:

下載地址:https://github.com/containernetworking/plugins/releases/download/v0.8.6/cni-plugins-linux-amd64-v0.8.6.tgz

解壓二進位制包並移動到預設工作目錄:

mkdir /opt/cni/bin
tar zxvf cni-plugins-linux-amd64-v0.8.6.tgz -C /opt/cni/bin

部署CNI網路:

wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/master/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml
sed -i -r "s#quay.io/coreos/flannel:.*-amd64#lizhenliang/flannel:v0.12.0-amd64#g" kube-flannel.yml

預設映象地址無法訪問,修改為docker hub映象倉庫。

kubectl apply -f kube-flannel.yml

kubectl get pods -n kube-system
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
kube-flannel-ds-amd64-2pc95 1/1 Running 0 72s

kubectl get node
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
k8s-master Ready <none> 41m v1.18.3

部署好網路外掛,Node準備就緒。

5.6 授權apiserver訪問kubelet

cat > apiserver-to-kubelet-rbac.yaml << EOF
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
annotations:
rbac.authorization.kubernetes.io/autoupdate: "true"
labels:
kubernetes.io/bootstrapping: rbac-defaults
name: system:kube-apiserver-to-kubelet
rules:
- apiGroups:
- ""
resources:
- nodes/proxy
- nodes/stats
- nodes/log
- nodes/spec
- nodes/metrics
- pods/log
verbs:
- "*"
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
name: system:kube-apiserver
namespace: ""
roleRef:
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: ClusterRole
name: system:kube-apiserver-to-kubelet
subjects:
- apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: User
name: kubernetes
EOF

kubectl apply -f apiserver-to-kubelet-rbac.yaml

5.7 新增加Worker Node

1. 拷貝已部署好的Node相關檔案到新節點

在master節點將Worker Node涉及檔案拷貝到新節點192.168.31.72/73

scp -r /opt/kubernetes [email protected]:/opt/

scp -r /usr/lib/systemd/system/{kubelet,kube-proxy}.service [email protected]:/usr/lib/systemd/system

scp -r /opt/cni/ [email protected]:/opt/

scp /opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem [email protected]:/opt/kubernetes/ssl

2. 刪除kubelet證書和kubeconfig檔案

rm /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.kubeconfig 
rm -f /opt/kubernetes/ssl/kubelet*

注:這幾個檔案是證書申請審批後自動生成的,每個Node不同,必須刪除重新生成。

3. 修改主機名

vi /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.conf
--hostname-override=k8s-node1

vi /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy-config.yml
hostnameOverride: k8s-node1

4. 啟動並設定開機啟動

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start kubelet
systemctl enable kubelet
systemctl start kube-proxy
systemctl enable kube-proxy

5. 在Master上批准新Node kubelet證書申請

kubectl get csr
NAME AGE SIGNERNAME REQUESTOR CONDITION
node-csr-4zTjsaVSrhuyhIGqsefxzVoZDCNKei-aE2jyTP81Uro 89s kubernetes.io/kube-apiserver-client-kubelet kubelet-bootstrap Pending

kubectl certificate approve node-csr-4zTjsaVSrhuyhIGqsefxzVoZDCNKei-aE2jyTP81Uro

6. 檢視Node狀態

kubectl get node
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
k8s-master Ready <none> 65m v1.18.3
k8s-node1 Ready <none> 12m v1.18.3
k8s-node2 Ready <none> 81s v1.18.3

Node2(192.168.31.73 )節點同上。記得修改主機名!

六、部署Dashboard和CoreDNS

6.1 部署Dashboard

$ wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/dashboard/v2.0.0-beta8/aio/deploy/recommended.yaml

預設Dashboard只能叢集內部訪問,修改Service為NodePort型別,暴露到外部:

vi recommended.yaml
kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
name: kubernetes-dashboard
namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
ports:
- port: 443
targetPort: 8443
nodePort: 30001
type: NodePort
selector:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard

kubectl apply -f recommended.yaml
kubectl get pods,svc -n kubernetes-dashboard
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
pod/dashboard-metrics-scraper-694557449d-z8gfb 1/1 Running 0 2m18s
pod/kubernetes-dashboard-9774cc786-q2gsx 1/1 Running 0 2m19s

NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
service/dashboard-metrics-scraper ClusterIP 10.0.0.141 <none> 8000/TCP 2m19s
service/kubernetes-dashboard NodePort 10.0.0.239 <none> 443:30001/TCP 2m19s

訪問地址:https://NodeIP:30001

建立service account並繫結預設cluster-admin管理員叢集角色:

kubectl create serviceaccount dashboard-admin -n kube-system
kubectl create clusterrolebinding dashboard-admin --clusterrole=cluster-admin --serviceaccount=kube-system:dashboard-admin
kubectl describe secrets -n kube-system $(kubectl -n kube-system get secret | awk '/dashboard-admin/{print $1}')

使用輸出的token登入Dashboard。

6.2 部署CoreDNS

CoreDNS用於叢集內部Service名稱解析。

kubectl apply -f coredns.yaml

kubectl get pods -n kube-system
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
coredns-5ffbfd976d-j6shb 1/1 Running 0 32s
kube-flannel-ds-amd64-2pc95 1/1 Running 0 38m
kube-flannel-ds-amd64-7qhdx 1/1 Running 0 15m
kube-flannel-ds-amd64-99cr8 1/1 Running 0 26m

DNS解析測試:

kubectl run -it --rm dns-test --image=busybox:1.28.4 sh
If you don't see a command prompt, try pressing enter.

/ # nslookup kubernetes
Server: 10.0.0.2
Address 1: 10.0.0.2 kube-dns.kube-system.svc.cluster.local

Name: kubernetes
Address 1: 10.0.0.1 kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local

解析沒問題。

至此,單Master叢集部署完成,下一篇擴容為多Master叢集~

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